Priyanshu

Students who wish to prepare the Class 8 English can rely on the Bihar Board Class 8 English Book Solutions The Teen Horrors. Become perfect with the concepts of BSEB Bihar Board Class 8 English Book Solutions The Teen Horrors Questions and Answers score better grades in your exams. Detailed Solutions are provided to the concepts by experts keeping in mind the latest edition textbooks and syllabus.

BSEB Bihar Board Class 8 English Book Solutions Ending the Evil

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Question 1.
Which age group is labelled as teen or teenage ? Are there any changes in the body during this period ? If yes, name some of the changes in body, moods, temperament etc.) you may have noticed in yourself and your friends during teenage. List them. Are the changes pleasant or horrible ?
Answer:
Age group of thirteen years to nineteen years is labelled as teenage. Yes, there are some changes occurring in the body during this period. Some changes are-the body develops as well as the mind, their mood changes very frequently There are different changes in their temperament. They become irritable, reckless, feel agression and depression. They even feel lazy and more sleepy during this age-group.

Let’s Do

Question 1.
Make a list of Teenage problems.
Answer:
Many problems worry the teenagers. Among them, some are

1. Unwanted hairs.
2. Tension of gaining height more and more.
3. Irritability grows in them.
4. Mood swings are also faced by them.
5. They become reckless in this period.
6. They also become aggressive.
7. They feel depression during this phase.
8. They try hard to look like adult.
9. They feel rebelling towards their parents.
10. They always try to impress others.

Question 2.
Make a list of games that teenagers love to play.
Answer:
The teenagers love to play these games:

1. Badminton
2. Chess
3. Carrom
4. Cycling.
5. bike-racing
6. cricket
7. football
8. basket ball

The Teen Horrors Summary in Hindi

The body and mind grows rapidly during the teenage. There are many changes of hormones in this age-phase. Due to which the teenagers feel and face many problems. Body changes are mostly ocurred during this age-phase. For his they have to face irritability and changes in mood and recklessness, aggression and depression, laziness and also rebel feelings towards their parents.

A teenager also faces the tension of gaining height. They become more responsible, mature and adult like during this age. They come close to some persons in this phase that teaches -them to know about their identity. So, teenage is very important phase of a person.

The Teen Horrors Summary in Hindi

किशोरावस्था में शरीर और दिमाग में तीव्र परिवर्तन सामने आते हैं। इस दौर में किशोरों के शरीर में हार्मोन संबंधी भी कई परिवर्तन होते हैं। इस कारण से किशोर कई प्रकार की समस्याओं को महसूस करते हैं और उन समस्याओं का सामना भी करना होता है उन्हें । शरीर में परिवर्तन भी सबसे ज्यादा इसी समय होते हैं। इस कारण से उनमें चिडचिडापन, मठ में परिवर्तन, असावधानी, उग्र स्वभाव और दबाव भी आ जाता है। साथ ही उनमें आलसपन और माता-पिता का विरोध करने का अवगुण भी आ जाता है।

किशोरों में अपनी लम्बाई बढ़ाने की चिन्ता भी खूब होती है। इस दौर में वे समझदार, जिम्मेवार और परिपक्व होते हैं और वयस्कों की तरह होने लगते हैं। वे कुछ लोगों के ज्यादा करीब आते हैं जिससे उनमें अपनी पहचान के बारे में समझ बनती है। अत: किसी व्यक्ति में यह उम्र का दौर सबसे ज्यादा महत्वपूर्ण होता है।

The Teen Horrors Hindi Translation of The Chapter

Age group (n) [एक ग्रूप] = उम्र-समूह | Labelled (v) [लेबल्ड] . = भेद करना, वर्ग-समूह में बांटना | Period (n) [पीरिअड] = अवस्था, दौर । Mood (n) [मूड] = मन । Temperament (n) [टेम्परामेन्ट] = स्वभाव । Pleasant (adj)[प्लेजेन्ट] = खुश करने वाला । Horrible (adj) हॉरिबल] = डराने वाला । Transit (v) [ट्रान्जिट] = गमन या प्रवेश करना । Smoothly (adv) [स्मूदली] = सहजता-सरलता से । Adulthood (m) [अडल्टहूड] = वयस्क होने की अवस्था । Worse (adj) [वर्स) = बेहद बुरा या खराब । Unwanted (adj) [अनवान्टेड] = न चाहा गया, नापसंद किया जाने वाला। Curves (n) [कस] = घुमाव, गोलाइयाँ । Awkward (adj) [ऑकवर्ड] = भद्दा | Spurts (n)[स्पर्ट्स = कठिन मेहनत/श्रम । Basic (adj)[बेसिक] = मूलतः, प्रारम्भिक । Facts (n) [फैक्ट्स ] = तथ्य । Normally (adv) [नार्मलि) = सामान्य रूप से | Growth (n) [ग्रोथ] = विकास ।

Puberty (n) [पूबर्टि] = यौवन, तरुण अवस्था। Inwards (adv) [इनवर्ड्स] = अंदर की ओर । Onset (n) [ऑनसेट] = आक्रमण, चढ़ाई। Estimate (v) [एस्टिमेट] = अनुमान करना । Spine (n) [स्पाइन] = पीठ की रीढ़ । Expansion (n) (एक्सपेन्सन] = विस्तार | Pelvis (n) [पेल्विस] = कमर का हिस्सा, वस्तिप्रदेश | Hips (n) [हिप्स] = नितंब, पृष्ठभाग | Sudden (adj) (सडन] = आकस्मिक, अचानक । Spurt (n) [स्पर्ट्स = प्रयत्न, कोशिश । Clumsy (adj) [क्लमजी] = पेचीदा | Centre (n) [सेन्टर] = केन्द्र । Gravity (m) [विटी) = भारीपन । Irritability (n) [इरिटिबिलिटी] = चिड़चिड़ापन । Swing (v) [स्विंग = परिवर्तन करना । Concern (n) [कनसन] = संबंध । Requirement (n) [रिक्वायरमेन्ट] = जरूरत, आवश्यकता | Recipe (n) [रिसाइप] = नुस्खा | Row (n) [रो] = कलह, झगड़ा । Scientific (adj) |साइंटिफिक] = वैज्ञानिक । Varying (adj) [वैरिइंग] = परिवर्तन करने वाला ।

Hormones (n) [हारमोन्स) = शरीर का पुष्टिकर रासायनिक तत्व । Recklessness (n)[रेकनेसनेस] = असावधानी । Depression (n) [डिप्रेशन] = दबाव । Despite (adv)[डिस्पाइट] = बावजूद I Upheavel (n) |अपहीवल] = बढ़ना | Adolescent (adj) [एडॉलेसेन्ट) = यौवनप्राप्त । Loathe (v) [लोद] = घृणा करना, नफरत करना । Behaviour (m) [बिहेविअर) = व्यवहार । Impressing (v) [इम्प्रेसिंग) = प्रभावित करना । Goofing up (phr) [गफिंग अप] = मूर्खतापूर्ण गलतियाँ करना । Disapproval (n) [डिस्एप्रूवल) = अस्वीकृति । Rebelling (v) [रिबेलिंग] = विरोध करना | Risk (n) |रिस्क] = खतरा | Experiment (n) [एक्सपेरिमेन्ट] = प्रयोग । Responsibility (n) [रेस्पॉन्सिबिलिटी] = दायित्व । Action (n) [एक्शन] = कार्य । Mature (adj) [मैच्योर] = परिपक्व | Adult-like (adj) [एडल्ट-लाइक] = वयस्क की तरह | Advanced (adj) [एडवान्स्ड] = उन्नत ।

Emerge (v) [इमर्ज] = प्रकट होना । Emotional (adj) (इमोशनल) = भावनात्मक । Region (n) [रीजन] = क्षेत्र | Acquire (v) [एक्वायर] = प्राप्त करना । Ability (n) |एबिलिटी) = योग्यता । Sense (n) |सेन्ड] = समझ। Extraordinary (adj) (एक्स्ट्राऑर्डिनरी] = असाधारण । Intense (adj) [इन्टेन्स] = तीव्र, गहरा | Researcher (n)[रिसर्चर] = शोधकर्ता | Identified (v) [आइडेन्टिफाइड] = पहचाने । Pathways (n) [पाथवेज] = रास्ते । Intimacy (n) [इन्टिमेसी] = घनिष्ठता | Identity (n) [आइडेन्टिटी] = पहचान । Involve (v) [इनवॉल्व] = शामिल करना । Openness (n) [ओपननेस] = खुलापन । Trust (n) [ट्रस्ट] = विश्वास | Maturity (n) (मैच्योरिटी] = परिपक्वता । Right ahead (phr) [राइट अहेड] = सीधे आगे।

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Students who wish to prepare the Class 8 English can rely on the Bihar Board Class 8 English Book SolutionsVoice. Become perfect with the concepts of BSEB Bihar Board Class 8 English Book Solutions Grammar Voice Questions and Answers score better grades in your exams. Detailed Solutions are provided to the concepts by experts keeping in mind the latest edition textbooks and syllabus.

BSEB Bihar Board Class 8 English Grammar Voice

Verb का वह रूप जो यह बतलाता है कि वाक्य में verb का प्रयोग _subject के अनुसार है या object के अनुसार, Voice कहलाता है ।

Voice के दो भेद हैं :

1. Active Voice एक्टिव वॉयस कर्तृवाक्य
2. Passive Voice पैसिव वॉयस कर्मवाच्य

1. Active Voice (कर्तृवाच्य)-Verb के जिस रूप से subject (कर्ता) की प्रधानता मालूम पड़े, Active Voice कहलाता है । जैसे Hari eats a mango.

2.Passive Voice (कर्मवाच्य) Verb के जिस रूप से object की प्रध नता मालूम पड़े, उसे Passive Voice कहते हैं। जैसे Amango is eaten by Hari.

Active Voice से Passive Voice में बदलने के नियम निम्नलिखित हैं

1. Passive Voice में Active Voice का Obect subject के स्थान पर subject Object के स्थान पर आ जाता है ।
2. Object के साथ by का प्रयोग होता है
3. Verb का तीसरा रूप अर्थात Past Participle हो जाता है ।

नीचे दिये गये उदाहरण से छात्र इसे समझने का प्रयास करें ।

1. Active – Hari eats a mango.
2. Passive. – A mango is eaten by Hari.

ऊपर के उदाहरण में Active Voice में Hari को subject के स्थान पर रखा गया है । जबकि दूसरे वाक्य में इसे वाक्य के अन्त में अर्थात object के स्थान पर रखा गया है।

इसी तरह प्रथम वाक्य में प्रयुक्त object mango दूसरे वाक्य में subject के स्थान पर रखा गया है | object के साथ by का प्रयोग हुआ

है और मुख्य क्रिया ‘eat’ अपने तीसरे रूप (eaten) में प्रयुक्त है।

Note : Active Voice वाक्य subject Auxaliary Verb (is/am/are/was/were)
के प्रयाग नहीं Passive Voice में Subject के अनुसार Auxiliary Verb का प्रयोग जरूरी है। ऊपर के उदाहरण में इसे ध्यान से देखें। नीचे का उदाहरण भी देखें ।

1. Active – Mohan reads a book.
2. Passive – A book is read by Mohan.

Active Voice से Passive Voice में बदलने के नियम Tense के अनुसार निम्नलिखित हैं

Present Indefinite (सिंपल प्रेजेंट)
Example:
Mohan loves Suresh
Suresh is loved by Mohan.

अगर Pronoun का प्रयोग subject की तरह हो तो Pronoun निम्नलिखित रूप में बदलते हैं

I – me, we – us, you – you, he-him, they – them, sleher etc.

1. I kill a tiger – A tiger is killed by me.
2. We read the Ramayan – The Ramayan is read by us.

Present Imperfect

1. I am reading a book – A book is being read by me.
2. You are doing this work. – This work is being done by you.

इस Tense के Passive Voice में being का प्रयोग होता है ।

Present Perfect I have done this work. This work has been done by me. He has killed a tiger. A tiger has been killed by us. इस Tense art Passive been

Note : Present Perfect Continuous वाक्य Passive Voice a नहाता बटना

Past Indefinite

1. Active – Ram ate a bread.
2. Passive – A bread was eaten by Ram.
3. Active – He saw me.
4. Passive I was seen by him.

Past Imperfect

1. Active – He was singing a song.
2. Passive – A song was being sung by him.
3. Active – Ram was reading a book.
4. Passive – A book was being read by Ram.

Note: इस Tense के Passive Voice में being का प्रयोग होता है।

Past Perfect

1. Active – I had killed a tiger.
2. Passive – A tiger had been killed by me.
3. Active – Radha had read the lesson.
4. Passive – The lesson had been read by Radha.

Past Perfect Continuous का Passive form नहीं होता है ।

Future Indefinite

1. Active – I shall do this work.
2. Passive – This work will be done by me.
3. Active – She will sing a song.
4. Passive – A song will be sung by her.

इस Tense में प्रयाग होता

Future Perfect

1. Active – I shall have done this work.
2. Passive – This work will have been done by me.
3. Active – Shyam will have sing a song.
4. Passive – A song will have been sung by Shyam.

इस Tense में Passive Voice में been का प्रयोग होता है Future Imperfect site Future Perfect Continuous Tense के Passive Voice नहीं होता है।

Hope the data shared has shed some light on you regarding the Bihar Board Solutions of Class 8 English Grammar Voice Questions and Answers . Do leave us your queries via the comment section and we will guide you at the earliest with help seeked. Stay connected with our website and avail the latest information in a matter of seconds.

Students who wish to prepare the Class 8 English can rely on the Bihar Board Class 8 English Book Solutions Chapter 14 She Lived her Dream. Become perfect with the concepts of BSEB Bihar Board Class 8 English Book Solutions Chapter 14 She Lived her Dream Questions and Answers score better grades in your exams. Detailed Solutions are provided to the concepts by experts keeping in mind the latest edition textbooks and syllabus.

BSEB Bihar Board Class 8 English Book Solutions Chapter 14 She Lived her Dream

Ace up your preparation by referring to the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 8 English and learn all the topics within. Click on the topic you want to prepare from the Class 8 Chapter 14 She Lived her Dream Questions and Answers prepare it easily. You can understand your strengths and weaknesses by practicing the Questions in Bihar Board Class 8 English Solutions PDF.

Bihar Board Class 8 English She Lived her Dream Text Book Questions and Answers

A. Warmer

Women are surely progressing in India. They are not only becoming independent but also trying to bring about a positive change in society. Such women are everywhere in our country from north to south and from east to west.

Question 1.
Have you heard or read about any such woman ?
Answer:
Yes, there are many such women bringing a positive change in society. I have read and heard about such women. Many women are now making their tribute in journalism, in the field of business in Cinema and T.V. serial programmed and in many jobs their strong presence is felt.

Question 2.
Do you know who is the first woman president of India?
Answer:
The first woman president of India is Smt. Pratibha Devi Singh Patil.

B. Let’s Comprehend

B. 1. Think and Tell

Question 1.
Why did Kalpana Chawla never return from the space ?
Answer:
Her space ship ‘Columbia Shuttle’ broke apart and she died in the mishap.

Question 2.
What did Kalpana like to do as a child ?
Answer:
She like to choose flying as a career and draw pictures of air ships.

Question 3.
Who was Jean Pierre Harrison ?
Answer:
He was her flying instructor and her husband.

Question 4.
When did Kalpana make her first flight in the space ?
Answer:
On 19 November, 1997 she made her first flight in the space.

Question 5.
What did Kalpana and her husband like to do ?
Answer:
They loved aerial aerobatics, tiking, back packing and reading.

Question 6.
What made Kalpana an unusual child ?
Answer:
Her love for the skies and space made her an unusual child.

B. 2. Think and Write

B. 2. 1. Answer the following questions

Question 1.
“Many hoped for a miracle” (para 1). What miracle could have happened ?
Answer:
The miracle could have happened of Kalpana being somehow safe in the accident. People expected that anywhere they could find her alive.

Question 2.
How was Kalpana different from the other children of her age group ?
Answer:
The other children used to play different games. At that time, Kalpana used to draw pictures of sky, space and different kind of airships.

Question 3.
Which fact of Kalpana’s career shows that she had the qualities of an astronaut ? Pick out the line that conveys this.
Answer:
The lines from the chapter that conveys the statement are “On 19 November, 1997, she made her first flight in an American space shuttle for fifteen days. It took her only 90 minutes to circle the earth ! Kalpana and her husband loved aerial aerobatics, hiking, back packing and reading.”

Question 4.
What was Kalpana’s greatest achievement before she died ?
Answer:
Kalpana became the source of inspiration of mil-lions of people that if they tried and did hard labour they could also live their dream. Becoming an astronaut for NASA, Kalpana had inspired millions of people in this regard. This was Kalpana’s greatest achievement before she died.

Question 5.
List the activities that show that she loved her country.
Answer:
Kalpana’s activities that shows that she loved her country are as such

1. Though she accepted American citizen ship, she did not forget her country.
2. She paid through her own account for the trip of two talented children from her native town to visit NASA. This she used to do every year.
3. Kalpana used to pay for the education of many girls of her country.

Question 6.
List two instances from the lesson when Kalpana managed to win over her parents. What do they show about Kalpana’s character ?
Answer:
First instance from the lesson for this regard is – Her businessman father wanted her to marry and settle down. But she managed to choose Hying as a career. She became the just aeronautical engineer in 1982 from Punjab Engineering College, against the wish of her father.

Second instanee – her father wanted her to settle down in her own country. But she opposed to his wish and went to U.S. for her post-graduate studies.
The above two instances are enough to prove that Kalpana was of a strong character. She was determined to live her dream. She was of a firm character.

C. Word Study

C. 1. Pick out words/expressions from the text that mean the; following and use them in your own sentences to make the meaning clear

Question 1.
Start living in one place (para 3),
fell into pieces (para 1),
convinced (para 2) journey by air (para 5),
every year (para 6)
Answer:
Words/Expressions – Meaning words from the text

1. Start living in one place – settle down
2. fell into pieces – broke apart
3. convinced – managed
4. journey by air – flight
5. every year – annually

Use of the words in own sentences to make the meaning

1. Settle down – I want to settle down
2. Broke apart – The aeroplane broke apart in the explosion.
3. Managed – He managed to convince his teacher.
4. Elight – The bird made her first flight.
5. Annually – The prizes are rendered annually.

C. 2. In this word puzzle there are live hidden words ail connected with space. The words are horizontal or vertical. Encircle the words and write them, in the space provided.

Question 1.

Answer:
(Aviation, Airplane, Plane, Aeronautic, Astronat, Orbit.)

D. Grammar

Use of ‘have to’ as a modal verb.
There are many verbs which are used as modal verbs may, can, will, etc. You may have already learnt how to use some of the modal verbs. In this lesson, we will learn the use of ‘have to’ in English.

‘have to’ is used to mean that something is necessary. It can be’ used in all tenses. It is used in the following way in affirmative sentences :

subjct + modal (have to/has to) + verb
I have to wash my clothes today.
He has to write a report.
She had to go to the bank yesterday.

In affirnative statements, ‘have to’ and ‘must’ have a similar meaning. In negative statements, ‘must not’ and ‘not have to’ are very different, ‘must not’ expresses prohbition or strong obligation and ‘not have to’ gives the sense of ‘not necessary’, ‘not required’, or ‘not expected’.

You must not cheat on a test.
I must not eat chocolate. It’s bad for my teeth.
You don’t have to buy a guide book.
We don’t have to spend any money to enter the museum. You don’t have to come if you don’t want to.
In negative statements, we follow this rule :
Subject + don’t/doesn’t have to + Verb
Example : We don’t have to work tomorrow. He doesn’t have to wear a uniform to school.

D. 1. Use the correct of ‘have to’ with the verbs given hi brackets to complete the sentences.

Question 1.

1. Do you ______ late tonight ? (work)
2. Anwesha ______ a letter to Ananya. (write)
3. Where do you ______ your work ? (do)
4. Anshu ______ hard to pass to exam, (work)
5. Did you ______ long forAshu? (wait)
6. He ______ this chapter before test, (read)
7. I ______ early yesterday, (get up)
8. Aslam may ______ Delhi next week, (visit)

Answer:

1. Do you have to work late tonight ?
2. Anwesha has to write a letter to Ananya.
3. Wehre do you have to do your work ?
4. Anshu has to work hard to pass the exam.
5. Did you have to wait long for Ashu ?
6. He has to read this chapter before test.
7. I had to get up early yesterday.
8. Aslam may have to visit Delhi next week.

D. 2. Choose the correct alternative.

Question 1.

1. Ayesha says she willmust/will have to finish her home work by tomorrow.
2. Anshu’s phone line is engaged, he has to/must be talking to his mother.
3. My mother told me I will not have to/must not for-get to buy some bread.
4. Ashu is in a hurry with his work; he must/has to gi ve the report by tomorrow morning.
5. You must/will have to buy something to get a free gift.
6. I can’t hear Abhinav any more, he has to be/must be alseep.
7. Anita’s watch is not working; she must/will have to b uy a new one.
8. The T.V. has been repaired, we must not/don’t have to buy a new one.
9. You will have to/must stop when the traffic light is red.
10. You will have to/must work hard if he wants to pass his exam.

Answer:

1. will have to
2. must be
3. not have to
4. must
5. will have to
6. must be
7. will have to
8. don’t have to
9. must
10. will have to

Look at these sentences : People were planning to celebrate her return It was to land in Florida.

The underlined words are called infinitives. Find out some more sentences having infinitives. Now have more examples and
explanations of infinitives in the table below :

The following verbs can be followed by an infinitive :

1. agree – forget- offer
2. appear – hate – plan
3. attempt- hope- prefer
4. begin- intend- prepare
5. can/can’t afford- know how- pretend
6. choose- learn- promise
7. continue- like- seem
8. decide – love- start
9. deserve- manage- try
10. expect- need- want
11. wish- would like- refuse

D. 3. Find out at least four examples of infinitives used in the lesson
Answer:
Examples of infinitives from the lesson
to return, to celebrate, to land,
to become, to go, to circle, to get married
to be given, to inspire.

D. 4. Fill in the blanks with an infinitive.
Example : I like to eat samosa.

Question 1.

1. I don’t like ______ but I have to it anyway.
2. I can’t afford ______
3. I’ve decide ______
4. I want ______ but I don’t have enough time.
5. I don’t want ______ but I have to do it.
6. I sometimes forget ______
7. I love ______
8. I need ______ and ______ every day.
9. I don’t know how ______ but I would like to learn.
10. I would like ______

Answer:

1. I don’t like to agree, but I have to it anyway.
2. I can’t afford to purchase it.
3. I  decided to continue.
4. I want to study, but I don’t have enough time.
5. I don’t want to prepare, but I have to do it.
6. I sometimes forget to play.
7. I love to swim.
8. I need to read and to write everyday.
9. I don’t know how to learn, but I would like to learn.
10. I would like to try.

D. 5. Fill in the blanks with the passive of the verb in brackets.

Example : She has to be told (tell) the truth about her friend’s illness.

1. Children have ______ (teach) right from wrong.
2. He has ______ (take) to the doctor immediately.
3. Children need ______ (give) love.
4. It is important ______ (respect) by our friends.
5. Anuj doesn’t want ______ (see) in that dress.
6. She is too young ______ (permit) to drive.

Answer:

1. Children have to be taught right from wrong.
2. He has to be taken to the doctor immediately.
3. Children need to be given love.
4. It is important to be given respect by our friends.
5. Anuj doesn’t want to be seen in that dress.
6. She is too young to be permitted to drive.

E. Let’s Talk

E. 1. Talking about the daily routine

Question 1.
Give each student a card with time written on it for the whole day. The teaher asks questions like ‘What did you do yesterday at 6.00 a.m ? ” The student should write the answer in the past tense from e.g. ‘Woke up’ against the time-mentioned. The teacher continues to ask questions and the students complete writing their daily routine on the card.

Now each student can talk about their daily routine, with the help of the activity they have done, the whole day or he/ she did yesterday at a particular time of the day.
Answer:
Anikt: What did you do yesterday at 6.00 am ?
Preet: Woke up.
Raja: What did you do yesterday at 7.00 a.m. ?
Pallavi : Took my breakfast.
Raju: What did you do yesterday at 8.00 a.m. ?
Vijay: Gone to school.
Pawar: What did you do yesterday at 5.00 p.m. ?
Ranu: Gone to field to play.

F. Let’s Write

Question 1.
Read the following table. It gives you some information about the famous astronaut Kalpana Chawala.

Year – Details:
1976 – bom in Kamal, Haryana, India Graduated, Tagore School, Kamal 1988 Ph. D. in Aerospace Engineering, Uni versity of Colorado started work at Nasa 1995 Became an astronaut in Johnson space centre
1997 – Made her first flight in space for 15 days
Jan, 2003 – Flight in Columbia shuttle
Feb, 2003 – Columbia shuttle broke apart, died

With the help of the information given in the table, write a brief account of Kalpana Chawala.
Answer:
Kalpna Chawla was bom in a small town Kamal in Haryana, India. In 1976, she graduated from Tagore School, Kamal. In 1988, she got her Ph.D. degree in Aerospace Engi¬neering from University of Colorado and started working at NASA. She became an astronaut in Johnson space centre in 1995.

Kalpana made her first flight in ‘Columbia Shuttle’ in 2003 in January. This shuttle had broke apart on Feb. 2003 during its landing in Florida. Kalpana met her death in this sorrowful accident. But she lived her dream and became inspiration for the millions of youth.

G. Translation

Question 1.
कल्पना चावला हमारे देश की बालक-बालिकाओं के लिए प्रेरणा का स्रोत है । आज बहुत से बच्चे बड़े होकर उसके जैसे अंतरिक्ष की यात्रा करना चाहते हैं। हमें उनका उत्साह बढ़ाना चाहिए। ऐसे बच्चे हमारे देश की शान हैं। विद्यालय के बच्चों में अंतरिक्ष के प्रति रुचि पैदा करना हमारा कर्तव्य है।
Answer:
Kalpana Chawla is a source of inspiration for our country’s boys and girls. Today, many children want to travel in space when they grow up. We should encourage them. Such children are the glory of our country. It is our duty to create interest for space in the school going children.

H. Activity

1. Collect the pictures of all sorts space shuttle and paste them in your note book.
2. Try to find out how a space shuttle works: e.g., what load it carries, which fuel is used to make it run and on what

principle it runs.
You many take the help of your teacher or gather information from Internet
Hints : Do these activities yourselves.

She Lived her Dream Summary in English

Kalpana Chawla was born in a small town Karnal in Haryana. Her family belonged to a traditional middle class. Her father was a businessman. She was the youngest child of four children. Her father wanted her to marry and settle down. Just like other girls do. But Kalpana had a dream. Her dream was to become an astronaut. She didn’t care for her family’s opposition and achieved her dream.

She met her sad death while returning on earth from her ‘Columbia Shuttle’ on Febuary 2003. Millions of people became sad on her death. This was her great achievement. Kalpana lived her dream. She has now become an inspiration for millions of people that if they labour-hard, they can also live their dream.

She Lived her Dream Summary in Hindi

कल्पना चावला का जन्म हरियाणा राज्य के एक छोटे शहर करनाल में हुआ था। उसका परिवार एक पारम्परिक मध्यमवर्गीय परिवार था। उसके पिता एक व्यापारी थे। वह चार भाई-बहनों में सबसे छोटी थी। उसके पिता चाहते थे कि अन्य लड़कियों की तरह वह भी शादी करके अपना घर बसा ले। लेकिन कल्पना ने तो एक सपना देखा था और उसे अपना सपना पूरा करना था।

उसका सपना था एक अंतरिक्ष यात्री बनने का। उसने अपने परिवार के विरोध की परवाह नहीं की और अपने सपने को साकार करके ही दम ली। फरवरी, 2003 में ‘कोलम्बिया शटल’ नामक यान से अंतरिक्ष से धरती आने के दौरान यान में विस्फोट होने से उसकी दुखद मौत हो गयी। लाखों लोग उसकी मौत से गहरे शोक में डब गये । यह उसकी उपलब्धि थी। – कल्पना ने अपने सपने को साकार किया। अब वह लाखों लोगों के लिए प्रेरणा बन गयी है कि यदि वे भी कड़ी मेहनत करें तो वे भी अपने सपने को साकार कर सकते हैं।

She Lived her Dream Hindi Translation of The Chapter

Excited (adj) [एक्साइटेड] = उत्तेजित, उत्साहित । Space shuttle (n) [स्पेस शटल) = अंतरिक्ष यान । Broke apart (phr) [ब्रोक अपार्ट] = टुकड़े-टुकड़े हो गया । To land (v) [टू लैन्ड] = जमीन पर उतरना । हवाई जहाज का । Miracle (n) [मिरेकल] = चमत्कार I Million (n) [मिलियन] = दस लाख की संख्या । Orbit (n)[ऑर्बिट] = ग्रह का पथ/रास्ता ।None theless (adv)[नन्दलेस] = तो भी, तथापि । Traditional (adj) [ट्रेडिशनल] = पारम्परिक | Middle class (n) [मिडिल क्लास] = मध्यमवर्गीय | Youngest (adj) [यंगेस्ट] = सबसे छोटी । Project (n) [प्रोजेक्ट] = योजना । Outer (adj) [आउटर] = बाहरी । Airplane (n) [एअरप्लेन] = वायुयान । Instead of (phr) [इन्स्टीड ऑफ] = के बदले में । Shock (v)[शॉक] =

धक्का लगना । Manage (v)(मैनेज] = उपाय या प्रबंध करना । Aeronau-tical (adi) [एअरोनॉटिकल] = वैमानिक, विमान संबंधी | Engineer (n) [इन्जिनियर] = यंत्रकार, अभियंता । Settle down (phr) [सेटल डाउन] = किसी काम को करके या शादी करके स्थायी तौर पर कहीं बस जाना। Strongly (adv)[स्ट्रांगली) = मजबूती से । Oppose (v) [अपोज] = विरोध करना । Postgraduate (n) [पोस्टग्रैजुएट] = एम. ए. की पढ़ाई, परा-स्नातक या स्नातक के ऊपर की पढ़ाई | Degree (n) [डिग्री] = उपाधि । Doctorate (n) [डॉक्टरेट] = डॉक्टर का पद या उपाधि । Instructor (n) [इन्स्ट्रक्टर] = निर्देशक, निर्देश देने वाला | Aviation (n) [एविएशन] = वायुयान चलाना । Research (n) [रिसर्च) = शोध ।Centre (n) (सेन्टर] = केन्द्र 

Selected (v) [सिलेक्टेड] = चुनी गयी। Applicant (n) [एप्लिकेन्ट] = आवेदक, अभ्यर्थी | Flight (n) [फ्लाइट] = उड़ान | Space (n) [स्पेस] = अंतरिक्ष । To circle (v) [टू सर्कल] = चक्कर लगाना । Aerial (adj) [एरिअल] = वायवीय, वायु संबंधी । Packing (v) [पैकिंग] = यात्रा का सामान बाँधना । Aerobatics (n) [एयरोबेटिक्स) = हवाई जहाज का सर्कस | Accepted (v) [एक्सेरटेड] = स्वीकार की | Award (n) [अवार्ड] = पारितोषिक । Citizenship (n) [सिटिजेनशिप] = नागरिकता | Trip (n) [ट्रिप] = यात्रा | Talented (adj)[टैलेन्टेड] = प्रतिभाशाली । Instituted (v) [इन्स्टीट्यूटेड) = प्रारंभ करना या फिर प्रचलित करना । Annually (adv) [एनुअली] = सालाना रूप से, हर साल होने वाला । Bravery (n) [ब्रेवरी] = वीरता, बहादुरी । Service (n) [सर्विस] = सेवा  Achivement (n) [एचिवमेन्ट) = उपलब्धि । Continue (v) [कन्टीन्यू] = जारी रखना । Inspire (v) [इन्स्पायर] = प्रेरणा देना ।

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Bihar Board Class 10 English Grammar Narration Direct and Indirect Speech

Reporting (Narration)
Direct से Indirect Speech बनाने के लिए Assertive, Interrogative, Imperative, Optative and Exclamatory Sentences for जा सकते है। आगे दिए गए Examples को ध्यान से पढ़ें
Change the following sentences into the indirect form of speech.
Note: उत्तर प्रत्येक वाक्य के सामने तिरछे अक्षरों (Italics) में दिया गया है।

A. Assertive Sentences (Statements)

Rewrite the following into indirect form of speech:

1. He said to her, “You were absent yesterday.”
He told her that she was absent the previous day.

2. He said, “It was nine days wonder.”
He said that it had been nine days wonder.

3. The boy said to me. “You are my best friend.”
The boy told me that I was his (boy) best friend.

4. The teacher said in the class, “India is an independent country.”
The teacher said in the class that India is an independent country.

5. The teacher said, “The Ganga is a beautiful river.”
The teacher said that the Ganga is a beautiful river.

6. The old man said, “The sun rises in the east.”
The old man said that the sun rises in the east.”

7. The teacher said, “The earth is round.”
The earth The teacher said that the earth is round.

8. The teacher said, “When the cat is away, the mice will play.
The teacher said that when the cat is away mice will play.

9. “I loved my father well”, said the son.
The son said that he had loved his father well.

10. The teacher said, “Honesty pays in the long run.”
The teacher said that honesty pays in the long run.

11. Hermia said, “I am going to leave Athens.”
Hermia said that she was going to leave Athens.

12. The sage told me, “No one can steal your knowledge.”
The sage told me that no one can steal my knowledge.

13. He said to her, “I shall help you in your work.”
He told her that he would help her in her work.

14. “I wrote him a letter yesterday”, said the girl.
The girl said that she had written him a letter the day before.

15. He said, “God is everywhere.”
He said that God is everywhere.

16. The traveller said, “I went from place to place.
The traveller said that he had gone from place to place.

17. He said, “It was a nine days wonder.”
He said that it had been a nine days’ wonder.

18. The teacher said in the class. India is an independent country.
The teacher said in the class that India is an independent country.

19. The girl said, “I never saw such a lovely bird in my life.”
The girl said that she had never seen such a lovely bird in her life.

20. My father said, “The sun rises in the east.”
My father said that the sun rises in the east.

21. The driver said to the passengers, “The bus is damaged.”
The driver told the passengers that the bus was damaged.

22. She said, “I am going home.”
She said that she was going home.

23. He said, “The sunsets in the evening.”
He said that the sun sets in the evening.

24. Hari said, “Charity begins at home.”
Hari said that charity begins at home.

25. Ramesh said to the teacher, “Sir, I am very sorry.”
Ramesh respectfully told the teacher that he was very sorry.

26. He said, “I saw this man long ago.”
He said that he had seen that man long before.

27. The teacher said to the boys, “I will teach you English Grammar today.”
The teacher told the boys that he would teach them English Grammar that day.

28. She said to me, “I shall call on you tomorrow.”
She told me that she would call on me the next day.

B. Commands and Request (Imperative Sentences)

Change the following sentences into indirect speech:

1. He said to me, ‘Please give me a book.”
He requested me to give him a book.

2. She said to me. “Do not sit here.”
She forbade me to sit there.

3. The teacher said to Gopal, “Bring a glass of water.”
The teacher asked Gopal to bring a glass of water.

4. The mother said to her daughter, “Go to the market.”
The mother asked her daughter to go to the market.

5. He said to me, “go home.”
He asked me to go home.

6. The student said to the teacher. “Please help him.”
The student requested the teacher to help him.

7. The teacher said. “Sit down.”
The teacher ordered the boy to sit down.

8. The student said to the teacher, “Please allow me to leave for two days.”
The student requested the teacher to allow him to leave for two days.

9. He said to me. “Please send me your book.”
He requested me to send him my book.

10. The teacher said to the boys, “do not make a noise.”
The teacher forbade the boys to make a noise.

11. Titania said to Bottom. “getaway.”
Titania order Bottom to getaway.

12. The master said to the servant, “Bring me a glass of water.”
The master ordered the servant to bring him a glass of water.

13. The father said to his son, “Don’t smoke.”
The father ordered his son not to smoke.

14. He said to the boys, “Don’t touch these flowers.”
He ordered the boys not to touch the flowers.

15. The boys said to the teacher, “Please teìch us English Grammar.”
The boys requested the teacher to teach them English Grammar.

16. He said to me,“Please come as early as you can.”
He requested me to come as early as I could.

17. “Come and sit with me on the bed of flowers”, said Titania to Bottom.
Titania asked Bottom to come and sit with her on the bed of Flowers.

18. Sonal said to her husband, “Please put a shawl on me.”
Sonal requested her husband to put a shal on lier.

19. The banker said to the lawyer. “Come to your senses before it is too late.”
The banker asked the lawyer to come to his senses before it was too late.

20. Ram said to me, “Let us go home.”
Ram proposed to me that we should go home.

21. He said. “Let me go out.”
He wished that he should go out.

22. He said to me, “Please give me a book.”
He requested me to give him a book.

23. I said to her, “Please follow me.”
I requested her to follow me.

24. He said to the child, “Don’t run so fast.”
He forbade the child lo run so fast.

25. She said to me. “Try your luck elsewhere.”
She said to me to try my luck elsewhere.

26. They said to their teacher, “Please forgive us.”
They requested their teacher to forgive them.

27. Her friend said to her. “Prepare all lessons carefully.”
Her friend advised her to prepare all lessons carefully.

28. “Stop that horrible noise”. he said to the children.
He ordered the children to stop that horrible noise.

29. The mother said to her child. “Do not play in the sun.”
The mother forbade her child to play in the sun.

30. The master said to his servant, “Post the letter.”
The master ordered his servant to post the letter.

31. The teacher said o the boys, “Read your lesson well.”
The teacher ordered the boys to read their lesson well.

32. The old man said to the servant, “Close the door.”
The old man ordered the servant to close the door.

33. The captain of the team said to the players, “Try to win.”
The captain of the team advised the players to try to win.

34. The student said to the teacher. “Please help me.”
The student requested the teacher to help him.

35. The commander said to his men, “Fight well.”
The commander ordered his men to fight well.

36. The doctor said to the patient “Take exercise daily.”
The doctor advised them to take exercise daily.

C. Imperative Sentences

Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

1. The poet said to the little girl, “Where are yow brothers and sisters?”
The poet asked the little girls where her brothers and sisters were.

2. The beggar said to me, “Will you lead me to the station?”
The beggar asked me ill would lead him to the station.

3. Ravi said to me, “Are you going to the market now?”
Ravi asked me if I was going to the market then.

4. “Whom do you want”, He said tome.
He asked me as lo who wanted.

5. He said to me. “What do you want?”
He asked me what I wanted.

6. He said to us, “Do you know me?”
He asked us if we knew him.

7. Shankar said to me, “Are you going to the market now?”
Shankar asked me if I was going to the market then.

8. My mother said to me, “Why are you wasting my time?
My mother asked the why was wasting her time.

9. The hoy said, “What is she doing here?”
The boy asked what she was doing there.

10. He said to him. “What were you doing yesterday?”
He asked him what he had been doing the previous day.

11. “Why are you laughing?” the wife asked him.
The wife asked him why he was laughing.

12. The teacher said to the student, “Do you know which is the smallest country in the world?”
The teacher asked the student if he knew which the smallest country in the world was.

13. “Do you want to go?” the father asked his son.
The lather asked his soil if he wanted to go.

14. The teacher said to the student, “When do you get up in the morning?”
The teacher asked the student when he got up in the morning.

15. Reena said to Meena, “What are you doing?”
Rena asked Meena what she was doing.

16. I said to him, “What is the matter!”
I asked him what the matter was.

17. He said to her. “What do you want?”
He asked her what she wanted.

18. He said,” Where is my bicycle?”
He asked where his bicycle was.

19. The Emperor said to the young man. “Do you know what will happen to you if you fail?”
The Emperor asked the young man if he knew what would happen to him if he failed.

20. “What are you doing here, Helena?” asked Hernia.
Hernia asked Helena what she was doing there.

21. She said,” Why did he not come in with me?”
She asked why he had not come in with her.

22. The banker said. “Why did I make this bet?”
The hanker asked why he had made that bet.

23. He said to the boys. “When were the seven youths shot dead at Ranchi!”
He asked the boss when the seven youths had been shot dead at Ranchi.

24. He said to me. “Have you written the letter?”
He asked me ill had written the letter.

25. They said, “Where is the teacher?”
They asked where the teacher was.

26. The teacher said to the boy. “Do you hope to get through.”
The teacher asked the boy if he hoped to get through.

27. The girl said to me. “Who are you?”
The girl asked me 3who I was.

28. He said to me. “Have you seen my book?”
He asked me if I had seen his book.

29. I said to him.”Are you going to Ranchi today?”
He asked him if he was going to Ranchi that day.

30. He said to me “Why did you laugh at me?”
He asked me why I had laughed at him.

31. Mohan said to me, “How are you?”
Mohan asked me how I was.

32. I said to him, “Don’t you believe me?”
He asked me where the doctor n.

33. The teacher said to the boys, “Have you finished the lesson?”
The teacher asked the boys if they had finished the lessons.

34. Mohan said to his friend, “When did you go to Delhi?”
Mohan asked his friend when he had gone to Delhi.

D. Optative Sentences

Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

Question 1.

1. He said to me, “May you succeed?”
2. He said to me, “May you live long?”
3. The faiìer said to his son, “May God help you!”
4. He said, “May God pardon this sinner!”

Answers:

1. He wishes that I might succeed.
2. He wished that I might live long.
3. The father prayed that God might help his son.
4. He prayed that God would pardon that sinner.

Question 2.

1. The priest said to me. “May you live long!”
2. He said to me, “May God Bless you!”
3. He said to me. “May you be happy!”
4. I said (o him. “May you be blessed with a son!”
5. The saint said. “May God grant him long life!”

Answers:

1. The priest wished that I might live long.
2. He prayed that God might bless me.
3. He wished that I might be happy.
4. I wished that he might be blessed with a son.
5. The saint prayed that God might grant him a long life.

E. Exclamatory Sentences

Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

Question 1.

1. the Poet said, “How beautiful is the moon!”
2. He said to Ram. “What a man he is!”
3. The players said, “Hurrah! we have a great victory.”
4. He said to me, “What a man he is!”
5. The farmer said, “What a loss!”
6. “What a clever disguise!” side the princess.

Answers:

1. The poet exclaimed with a plan that the moon was very beautiful.
2. He exclaimed with surprise that he is a strange man.
3. The players exclaimed with joy that they had a great victory.
4. He exclaimed that he was a wonderful man?
5. The farmer exclaimed with sorrow that it was a great loss.
6. The princess exclaimed with wonder that it was a very clever disguise.

Question 2.

1. The Principal said. “Well done, boys!”
2. Sonu said, “What a beautiful sight it is!”
3. He said, “Good morning!”
4. He said, “How dark the night is!”

Answers:

1. The Principal admired the boys and exclaimed that they had done well.
2. Sonu exclaimed with joy that it was a very beautiful sight.
3. He wished me a good morning.
4. He exclaimed with surprise that the night was very dark.

Question 3.

1. The girl said. “What a fine morning!”
2. He said. “What a fine place it is’”
3. She said. “What a fool I am!”
4. He said, “How clever I am!”

Answers:

1. The girl exclaimed that it was a very line morning.
2. He exclaimed with wonder that it was a very fine place.
3. She exclaimed with regret that she was a great fool.
4. He exclaimed that he was very clever.

Question 4.

1. Sir said,” What a sweet song!”
2. The children said, “Hurrah! we have won the match.”
3. He said, “Alas! lam ruined.”
4. She said, “What a lovely garden it is!”
5. He said. “Alas! How foolish I have been.”

Answers:

1. She exclaimed with delight that it was a very sweet song.
2. The children exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
3. He exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.
4. She exclaimed with wonder that t was a very lovely garden.
5. He exclaimed with regret that he had been great foolish.

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Bihar Board Class 10 English Unseen Passage for Comprehension Factual

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Q. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow [8 Marks]

PASSAGE 1
The elephant is the only animal with a trunk. It uses its trunk in many ways. It pulls leaves of trees with its trunk and then puts them into its mouth. It can even use its trunk to get-water. The trunk can hold a lot of water as an elephant needs to drink more than three pints of water every day.

When an elephant is angry its trunk can be dangerous. The tusks of an elephant are really its front teeth. People pay a lot of money for the ivory of an elephant’s tusks. In Africa, men have hunted elephants for their tusks. The ivory from tusks is made into many beautiful things. It has been easy for men to train an elephant in Asia. They use an elephant to carry heavy things for long-distance.

Questions:
(a) Why do some people kill the elephants? 2
(b) How does the elephant use its trunk? 2
(c) What is the commercial use of the elephant’s tusks? 2
(d) Find out the word in the passage which is the opposite of ‘safe’?

Answers
(b) The elephant pulls leaves of trees with its trunk. Then it puts the leaves in its mouth. It also uses its trunk for drinking water.
(c) The elephant’s ivory is used for making many beautiful things.
(d) ’dangerous’.

Q. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow [8 Marks]

PASSAGE 2
I was seven years old. I had lived in the same place for all of my life, but we were moving. We were moving from the farm with all of its animals, with its memories of searching for chickens eggs, and with the black and white cows that had to be milked each day. We were going from the place of scrub pines, of pastures, of irrigations ditches to an unknown, unknowable place, far away. We had worked hard to get ready. Finally, dad piled all of us into the car. As we began to drive away, I looked out of the rear window of the car. As I looked back, I saw my dog and my cats. I could not see my horse. I asked my father what would happen to these pets. All that dad could tell me was that they had to remain there, that they could not come with us. There was no explanation merely the declaration that we must go, I was bitterly disappointed, so disappointed that this memory is still seared into me, forty-three years later. Why could my father not change this? I could not understand then, but I do now. But I still do not understand why he has no explanation. [211 Words]

Questions:
(a) What chores did the young child have to perform at the farm ? 1
(b) What was his regret about moving away from the farm? 1
(c) What explanation did he seek from his dad? 2
(d) Why did the child find his father’s reply unsatisfactory? 2
(e) What was the child’s feeling as he left the farm? Why?
Answers:
(a) The young child had to gather eggs, and milk the cows at the farm.
(b) His regret was that he would miss his pets, his cats, dog, and horse.
(c) He sought an explanation from his dad as to what would happen to his pets.
(d) He did not offer any explanation. His father declared that the pets had to remain at the farm.
(e) The child was disappointed. His father could not change the situation.

Q. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: [8 Marks]
PASSAGE 3

Noise is a sound that is unpleasant to the ears. However, a noise unpleasant to one person may be pleasant to another. In scientific terms, noise is made by an irregular pattern of sound waves. There are a number of things which make our world unpleas¬antly or even dangerously noisy, such as jet aircraft taking off,’ road drills, heavy traffic or loudspeakers. The sound waves bang into structures and cause them to vibrate giving rise to noise. In the process, they get damaged. In younger people, deafness can be caused by too loud a noise or from prolonged exposure to loud noise as produced by too much amplification in a discotheque or by machines in a factory. The noise depends on the energy the sound waves carry. Decibel Scale is used to measure the loudness of the sound. [138 Words]

Questions:
(a) How would you define noise scientifically? 2
(b) Name the things which cause noise pollution. 2
(c) How is the noise produced? 2
(d) How is noise harmful to younger people? 1
(e) How can we measure the loudness of the sound?
Answer:
(a) The scientific definition of noise is that it is made by an irregular pattern of sound waves.
(b) The following things cause noise pollution.
(i) Jet aircraft, (ii) Road drills, (iii) Heavy traffic, (iv) Loudspeakers.
(c) Noise is produced whenever the sound waves bang into structures and cause them to vibrate.
(d) The noise is harmful to younger people because they become deaf.
[e) We can measure the loudness of the sound by using the decibel scale.

Q. Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions that follow: [8 Marks]
PASSAGE 4

I want to speak my mind on cats and dogs, both these species have been with the human for ages as pets
I don’t know, how people tolerate cats. It is so haughty and superior that it makes you feel inferior and its only intention is to have a nice time at your expense without even doing’ you a good turn. And if you think all the mice it makes its food were part of its desire to repay the favour to you, forget it. A cat never does anything at your bidding. It catches mice because it wants to, not because you wanted it to do that.

A cat is also an expert thief and takes delight in spoiling everything in your home. No matter how much you feed it, the kitchen gets regularly spoiled and no matter how much you love it, precious china and glass would continue to be upset. And if catch it during its secret thus necessitating its retreat, you won’t find it repent.In fact, it removes itself to a safe distance and hard show of disapproval is its eyes it looks at you as if you are the worst nuisance that it has come across. It might also scratch you. tear your beautiful curtains or worse still, empty bowels in your kitchen and dining hall and you thought it should be grateful for all the delicacies you had put before it?

Questions:
(a) How for ages have cats and dogs been kept? 2
(b) Why do cats not give us any benefit? i
(c) How do cats look if one finds them causing toss?
(d) How are cats a great source of loss?
Answers:
(e) How are cats thankless animals? 2
(a) They have been kept as pets.
(b) They do not give us any benefit, as they never do any good turn to us.
(e) One finds them non-repentant.
(d) They are a great source of loss because they delight in spoiling everything in one’s home.
(d) They are thankless because they do not know what gratitude is.

Q. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow [8 marks]
PASSAGE 5

There is one slight difference between education as understood by the Greeks and the popular idea of education in our own day. To the Greeks, education was prima¬rily a training of faculties that should fit man. for the exercise of thought and duties of citizenship. The modem world looks rather to the acquisition of some skill or knowledge that is needed for a career: it thinks more of the product than of the process, acquaintance with facts counts more with the modems while mental completeness and grasp were valued by the Greeks above everything else. But mental completeness did not mean to the Greek intellectual discipline; it meant also a discipline and molding of character, training in a public spirit, suppression of the individual.

It is on the one hand mental illumination. But it also means refinement and delicacy of feeling. Our nearest expression of this generous and many-sided training is the word ‘culture’. Culture, however, to many minds suggests a kind of polish, a superficial refinement: it is thought of as the privilege of the favored few. The man of learning of modem times is too apt to remain in seclusion: he seems to be shut up within a charmed circle, and the impression not infrequently left on outsiders by the life of learned isolation is conveyed in the remark of a French writer, that ‘ every man of learning more or less is a corpse.’ [238 Words]

Questions:
(a) What did the Greeks understand by education?
(b) What is the idea of education in modem times?
(c) What does the French writer mean by the remark ‘every man of learning is more or less a corpse’?
(d) Which one word sums up the Greeks’ idea of education?
(e) Use ‘acquisition’ and ‘illumination’ in your sentences.
Answers:
(a) The Greeks thought that the primary aim of education was to train a person’s faculties so that he could think and perform his duties as a citizen.
(b) The idea of education in modem times is that it consists in acquiring some skill.or knowledge for a career.
(c) It means that a man of learning remains in complete isolation. He is of no use to society.
(d) The word ‘culture’ sums up the Greeks’ idea of education.
(e) (i) The roads have contracted due to illegal, acquisition of footpaths.
(ii) The city was brightening with illumination by firecrackers.

PASSAGE 6
Q. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow [8 Marks]

The joint family system has undergone a drastic change in India. There is a number of factors that are leading to its disintegration. Opportunities for employment outside agriculture arid, especially in the urban areas, are increasing; as a result of which the young men of rural areas have been shifting to those places. Many young persons in the urban areas are also moving out of the parent’s places to seek opening in other parts of the country or even outside of India. The property disputes and sour relation between the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law have forced many persons to opt for independent living. As a result of the disintegration of joint families, the aged have lost the traditional source of economic and social support which was easily available to them in joint families. [132 Words]

Questions:
(a) What change do we see in the joint family system in India?
(b) Why are the young men from the villages shifting to towns or cities?
(c) What type of disputes are common in joint families?
(d) What loss have they (the aged\suffered)
(e) Pick out from the passage the word similar in meaning to”extreme”?
Answers:
(a) The joint family system in India has changed. It has disintegrated now.
(b) They are shifting to towns or cities because outside the villages employment opportunities are available.
(c) These disputes are of property, of sour relation between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law.
(d) The aged have lost the traditional source of economic and social support.

PASSAGE 7
1. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: [8 Marks]

One evening after work searching in the mailbox for messages, letters from nowhere, my fingers touched dry leaves, twigs, and eggs. A bird had found it a suitable place for nesting. It had nested right inside my mailbox. Angry, I cleared it all except for the eggs. Later in the evening storm started soon and it had me our hastily gathering clothes left drying. On the ground, I saw many birds. But I found hopping in foolish hurry, was a main. She was balancing in its yellow beak twigs and thin sticks. She was heading for my mailbox, trying hard to rebuild a cozy nest that I had destroyed. My vision became dim in the heavy showers. The message I had missed I read quite clearly in the strange nest. It was hidden in the wooden box. It left no room to nest except in wooden post boxes which were fixed to concrete walls. T was convinced that birds nest at places which they find safe from weather, from men and from other enemies of their natural instinct. [178 Words]

Questions:
(a) When did the author’s fingers touch the dry leaves?
(b) What made the author angry?
(c) What did he do?
(d) Where did the bird build nests?
(e) Find out the suitable word of’ twigs
Answers:
(a) His fingers touched them when he searched in the mailbox for letter.
(b) A minah’s making her nest inside the mailbox made him angry.
(c) He destroyed the nest.
(d) They build nests where they are safe from weather, men, and other enemies like animals and others.
(e) ‘little branches’.

PASSAGE 8
Mass copying in the examination has reduced education to a joke. The lengthy courses of study and the system of annual examinations are the root causes of it. How is it possible for any human being to express honestly within three hours all that he has learnt in full one year? Naturally, students are forced to cram certain things and copy others from some source in the examination hall. Examinations, more or less in the form of class tests at the end of a quarter should be held. The result of a student should be determined by his performance round the year. The class teacher should be entrusted with a difficult task. He will h^ve to rise above petty worldly considerations and must be brave and impartial. His role in these connections is very significant. [135 Words]

Questions:
(a) Why has education become a joke?
(b) Why are students forced to cram and copy?
(c) How should a student’s performance be determined?
(d) What qualities are required of an examiner? ‘
(e) Is it possible to express honestly within three hours?
Answers:
(a) Education has become a joke due to mass copying by the examinees.
(b) Students are forced to cram and copy because the Syllabus is lengthy. They can’t express honestly within three hours what they have learned in a year.
(c) A student’s performance should be determined round the year.
(d) He should rise above petty worldly considerations. Also, he must be brave and impartial.
(e) It is not at all possible to express within three hours what a student has learned throughout a year.

PASSAGE 9
Q. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow [8 marks]

Several times in the history of the world particular countries and cities, or even small groups of people, have attained a high degree of civilization. Yet none of these civilizations, important as they were, have lasted; and one of the reasons why they did not last was that they were confined to a very few people. They were like little oases of civilization in a desert of barbarism. Now it is no good being civilized if everybody round about you is barbarous, or rather, it is some good, but it is very risky. The barbarians are always liable to break in on you, and with their greater numbers and rude vigor scatter your civilization to the winds.

Over and over again in history comparatively civilized peoples living in cities have been won in this way by barbarians coming down from the hills and burning and killing and destroying whatever they found in the plains. In the thirteenth century, most of Europe was overrun in this way by the Mongols from Central Asia, and such civilization as then existed was nearly destroyed. Thus any people which has advanced in civilization too far beyond its neighbors have always been liable to be set upon and pulled back by the others, just as if you build a high tower with proper supports, it is always liable to fall down to the level of the lower building round about it. [237 Words]

Questions:
(a) Why could advanced civilizations not last for long?
(h) Why is being civilized very risky?
(c) Who destroyed civilization in most of Europe in the thirteenth century?
(d) Who are liable to be set upon and pulled hack by the others?
(e) Which example Hoes the author gives about the people who advance in civilization more than their neighbors?
Answers:
(a) Advanced civilizations could not last for long because they were limited to very few people.
(b) Being civilized is very risky. It is because civilized societies are likely to be attacked and destroyed by the non-civilized near them.
(c) The Mongols from Central Asia destroyed civilization in most of Europe.
(d) Those who have advanced in civilization beyond their neighbor are liable to be set upon and pulled back by others.
(e) He gives the example of the tower without supports.

PASSAGE 10
Q. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow [8 marks]

Gandhiji was of ripe age, but he was still full of vitality and his capacity for work was great. The end came suddenly by the hand of an assassin.lndia was shocked and the world grieved, and to those of us who were more closely connected with him, the shock and sorrow were hard to bear. And yet, perhaps, it was a fitting close to a magnificent career and in his death, as in his life, he served the cause to which he had devoted himself. None of us would have liked to see him gradually fade in body and mind with increasing years. And so he died, as he had lived, a bright star of hope and achievement, the Father of the Nation which had been shaped and trained by him for half a century.

2. To those who had a chance of being associated with him in some of his many activities, he will ever remain the symbol of youthful energy. We shall not think of him as an old then, but rather as one who represented with the vitality of spring the birth of a new India. To a younger generation who did not come in personal contact with him, he is a tradition, and numerous stories are woven round his name and activities. He was great in his life, he is greater since he passed away. [232 Words]

Questions:
1. Based on your reading of the above passage, complete the following statements with appropriate words and phrases. Write the answers in your answer sheet against the correct blank number.
(a) Gandhiji in his life and death was….
(b) Gandhiji represented….
2, Answer these questions with appropriate words and phrases. Writes the answers . in your answer sheet against the correct blank number
(a) To whom was the shock and sorrow hard to bear?
(b) Why was Gandhiji never considered an old man?
(c) How did Gandhiji serve his cause even in his death? .
Answers:
1. (a) a bright star of hope and achievement.
(b) the birth of a new India like a spring.
2. (a) The shock and sorrow were hard to bear for that person who was closely associated with him.
(b) Gandhiji was never considered an old man because he was always full of energy. His capacity for work was great.
(c) He served his cause even in his.death because he died as a bright star of hope and achievement.

PASSAGE 11
Q. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow [8 Marks]

Mankind has undoubtedly progressed since medieval times. The earliest men lived like brutes. Individuals fought among themselves and the strong destroyed the weak, for that is the law of the jungle, the law of irrational life. But man was not an animal. He possessed rational faculties. These faculties gradually developed and appeared in his actions, and man gave up the law of the jungle and made his own rational laws, Men saw that the law of physical strength was not applicable to their lives. They realized that they had souls and the strength of being with a soul can consist in a variety of capabilities other than the power to cut and kill, tear, and bite. For instance, a man can be strong in fashioning tools, or in controlling the actions of other rational beings by the power of song or speech. Thus men realized that they should not be fighting among themselves. But they should be working together and giving one another opportunity to develop their respective strengths. This was the first step in man’s progress. By these means, men gained such control over the forces of nature. They made each other so much wiser and more comfortable than they were convinced that they were the best creation of God. (211 words)

Questions:
(a) What do you mean by the law of the jungle?
(b) How was man different from animals?
(c) How could man gain control over the forces of nature?
(d) What did the man realize when his rational faculties were fully developed?
(e) What was the first step in man’s progress?
Answers:
(a) The law of the jungle is the use of physical strength for fighting. It is also the use of this strength for destroying the weak.
(b) The man was different from animals because he had rational faculties. He was also blessed with a soul.
(c) The man could get control over the forces of nature by co-operating with others. .(d) Man realised the value of working in cooperation with other fellow-beings.
(e) Working together and giving one another opportunities for developing their respective strengths was the first step.

PASSAGE 12
Q. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow [8 marks]

The old lady was glad to be back at the block of flats where she lived. Her shopping had tired her and her basket had grown heavier with every step of the way- home. In.the lift her thoughts were on lunch and a good rest; but when she got out at her own floor, both were forgotten in her sudden discovery that her front door was open. She was thinking that she must rebuke her daily maid the next morning for such great negligence when she remembered that she had gone shopping after her maid had left and she had turned both the keys in their locks. She walked slowly into the hail and at once noticed that all the room doors were open, yet following the regular practice she had shut them before going out. Looking into the drawing-room, she saw a scene of confusion over by here writing desk.

2. It was as clear as daylight then that burglars had forced entry in her absence. Her first impulse was to go round all the rooms looking for the thieves, but then she decided that at her age it might be more prudent to have someone with her, so she went to fetch the porter from the basement. By this time her legs were beginning to tremble, so she sat down and accepted a cup of very strong tea, while she telephoned to the police. Then her composure regained, she was ready to set off with the porter’s assistance to search for any intruders who might be still lurking in her flat. [267 Words]

Questions:
(a) The problem that shopping caused to the old lady was..
(b) When she reached home she found that….
(c) she thought to rebuke the maid the next morning for…..
(d) When she found that her flat had been burgled, she thought…
(e) When her legs started trembling, she….
Answers:
(a) The problem that shopping caused to the old lady was that it had tired her and her basket had grown heavier with every step of the way home.
(b) When she reached home she found that her front door was open.
(c) she thought to rebuke the maid the next morning for such great negligence.
(d) When she found that her flat had been burgled, she thought that burglars had forced entry in her absence.
(e) When her legs started trembling, she’sat down and accepted a cup of very strong tea.

PASSAGE 13
Q. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow [8 marks]

1. My grandmother and I were good friends. My parents left me with her when they went to live in the city and we were constantly together. She used to wake me up in the morning and get me ready for school. She said her morning prayers in a monoto¬nous singsong while she bathed and dressed me in the hope that I would listen and get to know it by heart..Then she would fetch my wooden slate which she had already washed and plastered with the yellow chalk, a tiny earthen inkpot and a reed pen, tie them all in a bundle and hand.it to me. After a breakfast of a thick, stale chapatti with a little butter and sugar spread on it, we went to school. She carried several stale chapattis with her for the village dogs.

2. My grandmother always went to school with me because the school was” attached to the temple. The priest taught, us the alphabet and the morning prayer. While the children sat in rows on either side of the verandah singing the alphabet or the prayer in a chorus, my grandmother sat inside reading the scriptures. When we had both finished, we would walk back together. (203 words)

Questions:
(a) Why did the grandmother say her morning prayers loudly?
(b) What was Khushwant Singh given for breakfast?
(c) Why did the grandmother always accompany Khushwant Singh to school?
(d) Who taught the boys? What were they taught?
(e) How did the grandmother feed the dogs?
(f) Explain the meanings of:
(i) monotonous singsong, (ii) prayer in a chorus.
Answers:
(a) She used to say her morning prayers loudly because the speaker would listen and get to know it by heart.
(b) Khuswant Singh was given a thick tasteless chapatti with a little butter and sugar spread on it for breakfast. prayer.
(e) The grandmother carried several chapattis with her while going to the school to feed the dogs in the way.
(f) (i) rhythm uttered in one unvarying tone.
(ii) to entreat collectively with the band of singers, worship to God, singing collectively.

PASSAGE 14
Q. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow [8 marks]

1. Fathers and mothers, husbands and wives managers and foremen, politicians, artists and others, all these in one way or another, are teachers. Their methods will vary as widely as their jobs and characters. For this reason, we can point out only a few general principles to make their teaching more effective.

2. The first is clarity. Whatever we are teaching, we must make it clear, Make it as firm as a stone and as bright as sunlight. Not to ourselves, that is easy. Make it clear to the people we are teaching-that is difficult. The second is patience. Anything worth¬learning takes time to learn and time to teach. It is a mistake often made by many of us to think that our audiences have thought deeply about their problems and are only a few steps behind us in any discussion. Real teaching is not simply handing out information. It is an actual change in the pupil’s mind. The third principle is responsibility. People are easily influenced for good or evil when their teacher speaks with authority. As teachers, we must see that our ideas are not misunderstood by those whom we are trying to teach. [194 Words]

Questions:
(a) What does this passage say about the methods of teaching?
(b) what is really teaching?
(c) What is meant by the principle of responsibility in teaching?
(d) Which two other general principles are considered necessary for effective teaching?
(e) Which sentence in the passage shows a teacher’s stronghold on his students?
(f) Find from the passage the antonyms of the following words:
(i) particular (ii) false, unreal.
Answers:
(a) The method of teaching differs in one way or another according to the jobs and characters.
(b) Real teaching is to maintain patience in teaching and to make it clear to the people we are teaching.
(c) The principle of responsibility in teaching means that as teachers we must see that our ideas are not misunderstood by those whom we are trying to teach.
(d) The two other principles to be considered are
(i) the teaching must be clear to the people to whom we are teaching and
(ii) patience anything worth learning takes time to teach and time to learn.
(e) sentence showing a teacher’s stronghold is; “people are easily influenced for good or evil when their teacher speaks with authority.”
(f) (i) general (ii) actual, real

PASSAGE 15
Q. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow [8 marks]

Freedom is a sweet-sounding word. Nearly all of us love to use it or hear it used. Even if we do not quite understand what it means, we feel it stands for something fine and courageous. And so it does.lt stands for something precious too; something for which men and women in every part of the world have struggled and suffered and gone bravely even to their death. If we enjoy any freedom now, it is partly due to them. So it is really worth our while to know clearly what freedom is, and why it has been valued so highly. We shall ourselves thereby come to value it and not lose it by our carelessness. At one time it used to be said. ‘All men are bom free,’ but we can now see that it is not true at all; for Nature binds us in all sorts of ways. The newborn baby is not free, not even as free as the newborn calf, much less than the newborn mosquito. The young mosquito is soon able to fly away, the calf begins to walk in a few days, but the human baby takes at least a year even to crawl. He slowly wins his freedom by an increase of strength and skill. It does not come to him in any other way. (218 words)

Questions:
(a) How is freedom a sweet-sounding word?
(b) How has freedom come to us?
(c) All men are born free. Does the writer agree with this?
(d) How does the writer compare a human child with young ones of the other species?
(e) How does a child win its freedom?
(f) Find from the passage words which mean the same as the following:
(i) valuable and important
(ii) move on one’s knees and hands, keeping the body close to the ground.
Answers
(a) Freedom is a sweet-sounding word because all of us love to use it or hear it used. Even if we do not understand its meaning, we feel it stands for something fine and courageous.
(b) Freedom has come through the struggles and sufferings of men and women in every part of the world.
(c) The writer does not agree with the saying ‘All men are bom free.’ According to him Nature binds us in all sorts of ways.
(d) According to the writer new bom baby is not even as free as the new bom calf or even the new bom mosquito.
(e) A child slowly wins his feedoms by an increase of strength and skill.
(t) (i) precious and value (ii) crawl.

PASSAGE 16
Q. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow [8 marks]

1. Of all the trees of southern Asia, the banyan is unique, not only for the manner of its growth but for the area of shade it provides from the burning sun. Its close relationship with man has evolved over the years to make the banyan a popular meeting place, a focal point of worship and a source of practical materials for commerce.

2. Known as the strangler fig’ because of its unusual manner of growth, the banyan is an epiphyte or air plant, that has its birth in the branches of a host tree and lives on airborne moisture and nutrients. Banyan seeds are deposited by birds, bats or monkeys in the rich soil collected in the crevices of host tree branches.

3. As the banyan grows, it sends aerial roots down the trunk of the supporting tree. In time, the roots that reach the ground choke the host tree by preventing its trunk from enlarging. The two best-known species of banyans are the Indian (Ficus benghalensis), one of the world’s largest tropical trees; and the Chinese (Ficus retusa), a smaller species with fewer aerial roots. (186 words)

Questions:
1. Why is the banyan called the’ strangler fig’?
2. In what ways is the banyan tree unique?
3. How does the banyan tree take birth and grow?
4. Why is the banyan a popular meeting place?
5. What kind of a tree is the Indian banyan? How is the Chinese one different from the Indian one?
6. Find from the passage noun form of the following words:
(i) grow (ii) bear.
Answers:
1. The banyan is called the ‘strangler fig’ because it chokes the host tree.
2. It is unique in the manner of its growth. It is also unique in terms of the area of shade it provides.
3. It takes birth in the branches of a host tree. It grows with the help of airborne moisture and nutrients.
4. It has become a popular .meeting place due to its close relationship with man and a focal point of the workshop as well.
5. The Indian banyan is one of the world’s largest tropical trees. The Chinese one is a smaller species.
6. (i) growth (ii) birth.

PASSAGE 17
Q. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow [8 marks]

Gandhiji’s mother was a very sweet, kind and religious woman. She visited the temple daily, often taking her little son with her. She fasted frequently, too. Once she made a vow to eat only one meal a day for four months, and not to take even that one | meal unless she had first seen sunshine. As she had made this vow in the rainy season, “it was often difficult to see sunshine at all. Her children, who could not bear to think of their dear mother going without food all the twenty-four hours, would stand staring up at the sky waiting to catch the first gleams of the sun.

As soon as a ray appeared, they would dash into the house and call their mother to come and see for herself. By the time she came out, the sun had often gone behind the clouds again. “It does not matter,” she would say cheerfully. “God does not want me to eat today,” and back she would go to her household tasks. In this way, Gandhiji learned from his good mother how to do penance cheerfully for love of God. [188 Words]

Questions:
1. What vow did Gandhiji’s mother make?
2. What could the children not bear?
3. What did the children do if they saw some sunlight in the sky?
4. What did Gandhi learn from his mother?
5. What did she do daily?
6. Find front the passage words that mean the same as the following:
(i) often (ii) happily

Answers:
1. Gandhiji’s mother made a vow to eat only one meal a day for four months,
2. They (the children) could not bear their mother going without food all the twenty-four hours.
3. They would immediately go to their mother and call her to see the sunlight herself.
4. Gandhiji learned from his mother how to do penance cheerfully for love of God.
5. She visited the temple daily.
6. (i) frequently (ii) cheerfully

PASSAGE 18
Q. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow [8 marks]

1. Now that smoking is considered to be very dangerous to health, it is especially difficult for children to buy cigarettes or tobacco. Our tobacconist, Mr. James, has always been very careful about this. If his customers are very young, he always asks them for whom the cigarettes are being purchased.

2. One day a little girl walked boldly into his shop and demanded twenty cigarettes. Mr. James was so surprised by her confident manner that he forgot to ask his usual question. Instead, he asked her what kind of cigarettes she wanted. The girl replied promptly and handed him the money. While he was giving her the cigarettes, Mr. James said laughingly that as she was so young, she should hide the packet in her pocket in case a policeman saw it. However, the little girl did not seem to find this very funny. Without even smiling, she took the packet and walked towards the door. Suddenly she stopped, turned around, and looked steadily at Mr. James. There was a moment’s deathly silence and the tobacconist wondered what she was going to say. AH at once, in a clear, solemn voice, the girl declared, ‘My dad is a policeman,’ and with that, she walked quickly out Of the shop. [210 Words]

Questions:
Q. 1. Did the tobacconist ever sell cigarettes to children? What did he first ask them?
2. What did he forget to do when the young girl demanded a packet of cigarettes?
3. Where did he advise her to hide the packet? Why?
4. What did the girl tell him just as she was leaving the shop?
5. Explain the meaning of the following:
(i) tobacconist (ii) promptly.
Answers
1. Yes, the tobacconist sold cigarettes to children. But he first asked them for whom they were purchasing the cigarettes.
2. He forgot to ask the young girl his usual question.
3. He advised her to hide the packet in her pocket so that no policeman could see it.
4. She told him that her father was a policeman.
5. (i) shopkeeper who sells cigarettes, tobacco, etc. (ii) at once, without delay.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow [8 Marks]
PASSAGE 19

The water of the river Yamuna in Delhi has become useless. The water of this river is most polluted and has received E grade in terms of quality. This is the lowest grade which indicates the severity of pollution in the water. Some fifty years ago the water of the Yamuna was clear and clean. Many water plants such as weeds, algae and shrubs grew

Questions:
(a) Why did the birds migrate to the Yamuna during winter? 2
(b) What indicates the rich quality of the Yamuna water in the past? 2
(c) What has been the result of severe pollution of the Yamuna water 1
(e) Which word in the passage means ‘disappear”? 1
Answers:
(a) During the winter season, birds migrated to the Yamuna to feed their young ones. The river Yamuna was quite safe and well for their livelihood.
(b) In the past, the Yamuna water was clear and clean. Many water plants such as weeds, algae and shrubs grew in the water.
(c) The water of this river has been too polluted. So, all the useful weeds, algae, and shrubs have vanished and it is a hundred percent harmful to man and other creatures.
(d) We see red worms in the polluted water of Yamuna more and more. These red worms are called chironomids.
(e) “Disappear’ word means ‘vanished.’

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Bihar Board Class 10 English Grammar Modal Auxiliaries

Auxiliary Verb (सहायक क्रिया) – जिस Verb का अपना कोई महत्त्व न हो, किन्तु वह मुख्य Verb के साथ मिलकर Tense के बनाने में सहायता करे, उसे Auxiliary Verb अथवा Helping Verb कहा जाता है; जैसे

1. She is going to school. .
2. I have finished my work.
3. You will win a prize.
4. I can solve this question.

List of Auxiliary Verbs:

1. Be, am, is, are, was, were
2. Have, has, had
3. Do, does, did
4. Shall, should
5. Will, would
6. Can, could
7. May, might
8. Must have to, am to, etc.
9. Ought to
10. Used to
11. Need
12. Dare

Types of Auxiliaries
सहायक क्रियाएँ दो प्रकार की हो सकती हैं-

The Use of Some Modals

Will and Shall का प्रयोग।
will और Shall सम्बन्धी प्रयोग के लिए निम्नलिखित नियम ध्यान में रखिए-

In Assertive Sentences
1. यदि किसी भविष्य की घटना का केवल साधारण रूप में ही वर्णन करना हो, तो
First Person के लिए shall का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Second और Third Persons के लिए will का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
I shall finish my work quickly.

2. यदि वाक्य में किसी भविष्य सम्बन्धी आदेश (command), प्रण (promise), निश्चय (determination), धमकी (threat) आदि का वर्णन हो तो–
First Person के लिए will का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Second और Third Person के लिए shall का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
I will return your money without fail.

3. यदि वक्ता अपने किसी भविष्य-सम्बन्धी उद्देश्य (intention) को प्रकट करना चाहता हो, तो वह अपने लिए will का प्रयोग करेगा। अर्थात् ऐसे वाक्यों में
First Person के साथ will का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
I will appear in the Senior Secondary Examination next year.

Would तथा Should का प्रयोग
I. Would का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

1. Will का Past – I told him that I would come.
2. प्रार्थना वाचक Would you close the window?
3. शर्त वाचक – He would pass if he worked hard.

II. Should का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

1. उपदेश वाचक – You should give up smoking.
2. सम्भावना वाचक – They should be here by now.
3. नैतिक फर्ज – You should do your duty.
4. Shall का Past – He told me that I should would pass.

Can तथा Could का प्रयोग
I. Can का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

1. योग्यता सूचक – She can dance very well.
2. इजाजत सूचक – You can go home now..
3. सम्भावना सूचक – It can happen to anyone.
4. Pt. Cont. की जगह – I can hear people talking.

II. Could का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है

1. शर्त वाचक – I could lift this box (if I tried)
   Could (would) you bring me a glass of water.
2. प्रार्थना वाचक – Could (would) you tell me the time?
3. सम्भावना सूचक – One of the prisoners escaped yesterday.
   He could be anywhere now.
4. Can का Past – He said that I could go.
   He could come to me any time he liked.

May तथा Might का प्रयोग
I. May का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

1. अनुमति/इजाजत सूचक – You may go now.
   May I come in, sir?
2. सम्भावना सूचक – His statement may (can/ could) be true.
   His plan may succeed. (can/could)
3. इच्छा/प्रार्थना सूचक – May you live long!
   May our country prosper!

II. Might का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

1. May का Past – He said that I might go.
   I thought that he might help her.
2. भावी सम्भावना – He might (may) pass this year.
   He might (may) reach here by evening.
3. इजाजत होना – Might I have your pen?
   You might do me a favour.

(May की अपेक्षा might में अधिक झिझक और विनम्रता का संकेत होता है।)

Must का प्रयोग
Must का प्रयोगं निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

1. उपदेश सूचक – You must consult some good doctor.
   You must work hard this year.
2. आवश्यकता सूचक – You must be back by evening.
   The students must bring their books daily.
3. सम्भावना सूचक – The child must be hungry.
   He must have made some big mistake.
4. बन्धन/मजबूरी सूचक – You must do as you are told.
   He must clear his accounts before leaving.

Ought to तथा Used to का प्रयोग
I. Ought के साथ सदा to का प्रयोग किया जाता है। (Ought to = Should) Ought to का प्रयोग (should की तरह) निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

1. नैतिक फर्ज – You ought to respect your elders.
   You ought to have helped the poor.
2. इच्छा-योग्य सम्भावना – Mohan ought to win the race this time.
3. इच्छा-योग्य जरूरत – He ought to build a new house now.

(इस तालिका में दिए गए सभी वाक्यों में ought to के स्थान पर should का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।)

II. Ought के समान used भी एक ऐसा modal है जिसके साथ to का प्रयोग करना जरूरी होता है-

1. He used to live here.
2. He never used to live here.

Need का प्रयोग
1. Auxiliary के रूप में Need का प्रयोग केवल Negative और Interrogative वाक्यों में किया जाना चाहिए। इसका प्रयोग किसी सन्देह (doubt) अथवा मनाही (prohibition) को जोरदार ढंग से व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।

• Need you go yet? No, you needn’t.
• Need she come tomorrow ? No, she needn’t.

2. Need का Third Person Singular सदा need ही होता है, न कि needs:

• Need Mohan go there now?
• He need not worry any more.

3. प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों में need का प्रयोग तभी किया जाता है जब negative उत्तर वांछित हो।

• Need you go there?
• No, I needn’t.

4. Interrogative और Negative वाक्यों में need के साथ to का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।

• Need he do any work?
• No, he needn’t do any work.

5. किन्तु निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में need के साथ to का प्रयोग किया गया है-

• He need to go now. (Affirmative)
• He does not need to go now. (Negative)
• Does he need to go now? (Interrogative)

यदि ध्यान से देखा जाए तो पता चलेगा कि इन सभी वाक्यों में need को मुख्य क्रिया (Principal Verb) के रूप में प्रयोग किया गया है, न कि Auxiliary के रूप में।

6. Need not की जगह haven’t got to, don’t have to, don’t need to का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।

• He need not go.

7. जब needs का प्रयोग must के साथ किया गया हो, तो यह एक adverb का कार्य कर रहा होता है। वास्तव में needs एक Possessive Case है जिसमें apostrophe (‘) का लोप किया होता है। इस प्रकार : needs = need’s = of need = of necessity = necessarily (adv.) इस प्रकार हमने देखा कि needs को एक adverb क्यों माना जाता है।

• He must needs finish his work by evening.

Dare का प्रयोग
1. Auxiliary के रूप में dare का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

• Negative वाक्यों में।
• Interrogative वाक्यों में।
• सन्देह (doubt) व्यक्त करने वाले वाक्यों में।
• ऐसे वाक्यों में जिनमें hardly, never, no one, nobody का प्रयोग किया गया हो।

2. जब dare का प्रयोग auxiliary के रूप में किया गया हो, तो इसके साथ to का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।

3. Dare का Third Person Singular सदा dare ही होता है, न कि dares.
उदाहरण: (Negative)

• He dare not fight with me.
• He will hardly dare go there again.

अब क्या आप बता सकते हैं कि Need और Dare के प्रयोग के सम्बन्ध में कौन-कौन सी बातें एक जैसी हैं?

Important Questions solved

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences with suitable modals given in the brackets:
(may, must, could, will)

1. _______ I ask a question?
2. He ______ go to call me tomorrow.
3. Who ______ win the race?

Answer:

1. May I ask a question?
2. He must go to call me tomorrow.
3. Who will win the race?

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with suitable models given in the brackets.
(shall, should, will, would, may, might, can, could, must)

1. You ______ pay the examination fee at the nick of time.
2. Labour hard so that you _______ pass.
3. He ______ submit the report next week.
4. The boys ________ obey their teacher.

Answer:

1. must
2. may
3. must
4. should.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets.
(should, might, may)

1. He said that ______ do the work.
2. ______ God protect you!
3. We ________ help the poor

Answer:

1. might
2. may
3. should.

Question 4.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets:
(Should, would, ought, needn’t)

1. We _______ to improve the lot of the poor in our country.
2. You _______ have taken all that trouble.
3. He said he _______ be moving into his new house next month.
4. You are so wise. You _______ have been a philosopher.

Answer:

1. We ought to improve the lot of the poor in our country.
2. You needn’t have taken all that trouble.
3. He said he would be moving into his new house next month.
4. You are so wise. You should have been a philosopher.

Question 5.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets:
(Would, can’t, may, could)

1. My uncle _______ speak five languages.
2. Can I smoke here? Yes, you _______
3. Can I smoke here? No, you _______
4. He said he _______ come the next day.

Answer:

1. My uncle could speak five languages.
2. Can I smoke here? Yes, you may.
3. Can I smoke here? No, you can’t.
4. He said he would come the next day.

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets:
(have, needn’t ought, used to)

1. The driver _______ to have been more careful.
2. I will do it myself. You _______ come.
3. The candidates _______ to appear for an interview.
4. He _______ come home late at night.

Answer:

1. The driver ought to have been more careful.
2. I will do it myself. You needn’t come.
3. The candidates have to appear for an interview.
4. He used to come home late at night.

Question 7.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets.
(might, can’t, would, could)

1. I said I _______ do it.
2. _______ I ask you a question.
3. He _______ hear. He is deaf.
4. He _______ come home by the morning train.

Answer:

1. I said I could do it.
2. Would I ask you a question?
3. He can’t hear. He is deaf.
4. He might come home by the morning train.

Question 8.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets:
(ought, shouldn’t càn, could)

1. He _______ read and write English.
2. He asked if he _______ borrow my bicycle.
3. He _______ worry so much about his matter.
4. You _______ to read this book. It is very exciting.

Answer:

1. He can read and write English.
2. He asked if he could borrow my bicycle.
3. He shouldn’t worry so much about his matter.
4. You ought to read this book. It is very exciting.

Question 9.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets.
(can, used to, must not, could)

1. I don’t want to see your face. You _______ come here again.
2. He _______ come and see me again in a day or two.
3. He wanted to know if he _______ attend the show.
4. _______ you see a parrot in the tree?

Answer:

1. I don’t want to see your face. You must not come here again.
2. He used to come and see me again in a day or two.
3. He wanted to know if he could attend the show.
4. Can you see a parrot in the tree?

Question 10.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets.
(Would, should, would, would)

1. _______ you like to have a cup of tea?
2. He said that he _______ not come the next day.
3. _______ you please stop talking?
4. We _______ speak English fluently.

Answer:

1. Would you like to have a cup of tea?
2. He said that he would not come the next day.
3. Would you please stop talking?
4. We should speak English fluently.

Question 11.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets:

1. She _______ Speak English fluently. (can/could/ought)
2. He works hard so that he _______ pass. (may/will/can)
3. _______ you please help me lift the bundle? (could/would/can)
4. If I were you I _______ not do it. (would/may/must)

Answer:

1. She can speak English fluently
2. He works hard so that he may pass.
3. Could you please help me lift the bundle?
4. If I were you I would not do it.

Question 12.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets:

1. The pupils _______ to obey their order. (ought/used/could)
2. _______ you like to do as I tell you? (would/may/could)
3. You _______have told him that there is a ferocious dog in the house. (should/would/shouldn’t)
4. You _______ not have laughed at his failure. (should/ought/must)

Answer:

1. The pupils ought to obey their order.
2. Would you like to do as I tell you?
3. You should have told him that there is a ferocious dog in the house.
4. You should not have laughed at his failure.

Question 13.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:

1. It _______ rain today. (may/would/can)
2. If you want to score good marks, you _______ work hard. (must/must not/may)
3. You _______ not violate the rules if you do not want to be punished. (may/must not/must)
4. If the weather is bad, she _______ refuse to go with us. (will/may/could)

Answer:

1. It may rain today.
2. If you want to score good marks, you must work hard.
3. You must not violate the rules if you do not want to be punished.
4. If the weather is bad, she will refuse to go with us.

Question 14.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:

1. It _______ rain in the evening today. (must/could/may)
2. A man _______ eat to live. (could/may/must)
3. _______ I have a look at the album, please? (may/could/must)
4. A Government servant _______ abide by the rules. (would/must/should)

Answer:

1. It may rain in the evening today.
2. A man must eat to live.
3. Could I have a look at the album, please?
4. A Government servant must abide by the rules.

Question 15.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:

1. _______ you have a cup of coffee? (would shouldn’t/must)
2. You _______ not give up your virtues. (may/must/must not)
3. He _______ come tomorrow. (will/may/can)
4. She _______ drive a car when she was only twelve. (could/may/must)

Answer:

1. Would you have a cup of coffee?
2. You must not give up your virtues.
3. He may come tomorrow.
4. She could drive a car when she was the only twelve.

Question 16.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:

1. You _______ lock the room before you leave. (must/may/must not)
2. Soldiers _______ obey their officers. (may/must/must not)
3. You _______ have a holiday tomorrow. (would/will/may)
4. When I was young I _______ run for three hours at a stretch. (could/might/would)

Answer:

1. You must lock the room before you leave.
2. Soldiers must obey their officers.
3. You will have a holiday tomorrow.
4. When I was young I could run for three hours at a stretch.

Question 17.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:

1. _______ God give you the courage to face this tragedy. (may/will/would)
2. A son _______ show respect to his parents. (must/may/must not)
3. Preeti worked hard lest she _______ fail. (should/would/shouldn’t)
4. Your father _______ be nearly eighty now. (may/must/must not)

Answer:

1. May God give you the courage to face this tragedy.
2. A son must show respect to his parents.
3. Preeti worked hard lest she should fail.
4. You father must be nearly eighty how.

Question 18.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:

1. ______ God protect you. (May/ought/used)
2. He died so that others _______ live. (might/may/ought)
3. She was afraid lest she _______ be late. (should/may/can’t)
4. We _______ work or perish. (must/must not/may)

Answer:

1. May God protect you.
2. He died so that others might live.
3. She was afraid lest she should be late.
4. We must work for perish.

Question 19.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:

1. _______ you have a good time! (may/ought/used)
2. You _______ look after your old parents. (should/ought to/must)
3. If you practise well you _______ be selected in the team. (can/would/could)
4. You _______ ask a question, if you please. (may/can/could)

Answer:

1. May you have a good time!
2. You should look after your old parents.
3. If you practise well you can be selected in the team.
4. You may ask a question if you please.

Question 20.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:
(May, could, may, should)

1. The government _______ provide cycle lanes in big cities.
2. _______ God bless you!
3. I _______ sing very well when I was a child.
4. ______ God bring you a lot of prosperity.

Answer:

1. The Government should provide cycle lanes in big cities.
2. May God bless you!
3. I could sing very well when I was a child.
4. May God bring you a lot of prosperity.

We wish the knowledge shared regarding Bihar Board Solutions for Class 10 English Grammar Modal Auxiliaries Questions and Answers has been helpful to you. If you need any further help feel free to ask us and we will get back to you with the possible solution. Bookmark our site to avail the latest updates on different state boards solutions in split seconds.

Guys who are planning to learn the fundamentals of English can avail the handy study material Bihar Board Class 10 English Reader Solutions Grammar Idioms and Phrases Questions and Answers here. Refer to the Bihar Board English Solutions for Class 10 PDF available and score better grades. Simply click on the quick links available for Bihar Board Class 10 English Book Solutions and prepare all the concepts in it effectively. Take your preparation to the next level by availing the Bihar Board Class 10 English Book Solutions Grammar Idioms and Phrases prepared by subject experts.

Bihar Board Class 10 English Grammar Idioms and Phrases

Do you feel the concept of English difficult to understand? Not anymore with our Bihar Board Solutions for Class 10 English Grammar Idioms and Phrases Questions and Answers. All the Solutions are given to you with detailed explanation and you can enhance your subject knowledge. Use the Bihar Board Textbook Solutions PDF free of cost and prepare whenever you want.
Use the following phrases to bring out their meanings:

• Add to: The music added to our enjoyment.
• Again and again: I read my books again and again.
• Above all: Above all, be honest.
• As a matter of fact: As a matter of fact, he is innocent.
• Along with: He came here along with his mother.
• At home in: He is at home in English grammar.

• As soon as: As soon as I reached the station the train left.
• As well as: He gave me money as well as advice.
• A beast of prey: The tiger is a beast of prey.
• A bed of roses: Life is full of worries; it is not a bed of roses.
• A drop in the ocean: Your help is nothing but a drop in the ocean.
• A fair-weather friend: A fair-weather friend cannot be relied on.
• A feather in one’s cap: This success has added a feather to his cap.
• A fish out of water: In a big city, a villager feels like a fish out of water.
• A hairbreadth escape: He had a hairbreadth escape in that accident.
• A maiden speech: His maiden speech was very impressive.

• A man of parts: Rahul Sankrityayan was a man of parts.
• A wolf in sheep’s: Beware of him; he is a wolf in sheep’s clothing.
• At variance with: His actions are ai variance with his words.
• As to: He said nothing as to wages.
• Bag and baggage: He left this place bag and baggage.
• By fits and starts: He does everything by fits and starts.
• By hook or by crook: He has decided to gain his end by hook or by crook.
• By leaps and bounds: Our country is progressing by leaps and bounds.
• By the by: By the by let me know your future plan.
• By means of: He recovered his health by means of a proper diet.
• By the side of: He sat by the side of his mother.

• Back out: He promised to help me but he backed out.
• Be off: I must be off.
• Come across: I came across my friend in the market.
• Come down: The prices of rice and wheat will not come down.
• Come off: When will the match come off?
• Due to: The accident was due to his carelessness.
• Die out: Many old customs are dying out.
• Drop off: My friends dropped off one by one.
• Ever and anon: He goes to his village home ever and anon.
• Far and away: He is far and away from the best boy of this class.

• Fair and square: He is fair and square in is dealings.
• Far and wide: The fame of Mrs Indira Gandhi has spread far and wide.
• First and foremost: It is our first and foremost duty to serve the country.
• Face to face: At last the two men met face to face.
• Flesh and blood: Flesh and blood cannot bear such insult.
• Fond of: He is very fond of reading.
• For good: Ram left the town for good.
• For the sake of: He saved money for the sake of his daughter’s marriage.
• For want of: Crops have failed for want of rain.
• Fall through: All his plans fell through.
• For fear of: He does not drive a car for fear of an accident.

• Give and take: We should follow the principle of giving and take.
• Give out: Our food supplies began to give out.
• Give up: He gave up smoking.
• Get in: What time does your train get in?
• Get up: What time do you get up?
• Get out: The teacher ordered him to get out.
• Go away: Go away with your luggage.
• Go back: He will go back soon.
• Go by: Several days went by, but he did not come back.
• Go off: The gun went off by accident.
• Go out: The fire has gone out.
• Go up: The prices of book and paper have gone up.
• Hand in hand: Let us work hand in hand for the good of the country.
• Hard and fast: There is no hard and fast rule for precis writing.
• Heart and soul: He is working heart and soul.

• Hither and thither: Birds are flying hither and thither.
• Hole and corner: I hate the hole and corner policy of politicians.
• Hue and cry: He raised a hue and cry against this injustice.
• Hale and hearty: My friend is quite hale and hearty.
• In contact with: I am in contact with him.
• Ins and outs: I alone know his ins and outs.
• In a fix: He was in a fix and did not know what to do.
• In a nutshell: In a nutshell, this is the aim of education.
• In black and white: He gave his statement in black and white.
• In case of: A true friend is ready to help us in case of need.
• In cold blood: He was murdered in cold blood.

• In the dark: I am still in the dark about this matter.
• In the good book of: He is in the good book of his boss.
• In the long run: In the long run, you will succeed.
• In the nick of time: He reached the station in the nick of time.
• In the teeth of: He stood firm in the teeth of opposition.
• In the wake of: In the wake of the flood came famine.
• In the course of time: In the course of time, he earned a lot of money.
• In fact: In fact, he is a liar.
• In case: You should inform me in case you need money.
• In the course of: The road is in course of construction.

• In search of: He is in search of a job.
• In connection with: Tell me all you know in connection with that case.
• In favour of: He resigned in favour of a better man.
• In honour of: A party was arranged in honour of the chief Guest.
• In quest of: He is in quest of a good house.
• In spite of: In spite of hard labour, he could not succeed.
• In view of: You should not go out in view of biting cold.
• In the event of: You should try again in the event of failure.
• Kith and kin: He always helps his kith and kin.
• Knockdown: The old beggar was knocked down by a bus.
• Loaves and fishes: Most of our leaders fight for loaves and fishes a barrel.
• Lock, stock and barrel: He sold his property lock, stock and barrel.

• Let off: They let the thief off with a fire.
• Let out: He let the water out of the bath-tub.
• Look in: Won’t you look in when you are here?
• Look on: Will you go to the station and look on for Mr. Sinha.
• Look up to: He always looks up to his teachers.
• Make fun of: They made fun of her.
• Make off: The thief tried to make off, but he was caught.
• Make out: He made out a list of books.
• Makeover: He has made over his house to his son.

• Makeup: They had a quarrel but they have made it up now
• Nook and corner: He searched his lost child in every nook and corner of this town.
• Null and void: Some of these laws have been declared null and void.
• Of course: Of course, I love my country.
• Off and on: He comes here off and on.
• On account of: He was absent on account of illness.
• On the brink of: He is on the brink of ruin.
• On the eve of: He died on the eve of his victory.
• Odds and ends: He could pick up only the odds and ends.
• Open and above board: Whatever I do is open and above board.
• Out and out: He is out and out wicked.

• Over and above: He is known for his sincerity over and above his honesty.
• Of no avail: He tried to win our support but it was of no avail.
• Over and over again: Read this book over and over again.
• Overhead and ears: He is over head and ears in debt.
• On the ground of: He was allowed to leave on the ground of his illness.
• Part and parcel: Kashmir is the part and parcel of India.
• Pros and cons: Let us consider the pros and cons of this matter.
• Pick up: The bus stopped to pick up passengers.
• Pull up: The.car pulled up at the gate.
• Put off: The meeting was put off.
• Pass off: The election passed off peacefully.
• Pick out: He picked out the books he wanted.

• Pull through: He is very ill but I hope he will pull through.
• Put away: Put your books away.
• Put up: I can put you up for a week.
• Rack and ruin: A reckless fellow soon goes to rack and ruin.
• Rundown: The clock has run down.
• Runoff: The thief ran off when he was challenged.
• Run out: My patience is running out.
• Slow and steady: Slow and steady wins the race.
• Spick and span: Everything in his rooms is neat and tidy, spick and span.
• Stuff and nonsense: Your argument is mere stuff and nonsense.
• Set in: Winter has set in.
• Set off: We set off at 6 o’clock.
• Set out: He set out for Patna.

• To and fro: He does not stick to one place; he walks to and fro.
• Tooth and nail: He fought his enemy tooth and nail.
• The three R’s: Even a peasant in England knows the three R’s.
• Through thick and thin: He stands by me through thick and thin.
• To abide by: A sportsman must abide by the rules of the game.
• To add fuel to the flame: His fiery speech added fuel to the flame.
• To avail oneself of: You must avail yourself of this opportunity.
• To bear false witness: Never bear false witness.
• To bear in mind: You must bear in mind that discipline is of vital importance.
• To bid defiance to: He bade defiance to the authority of God.
• To bid fair to: He bids fair to become a great scholar.
• To blow hot and cold: He blows hot and cold in the same breath.
• To blow one’s own trumpet: He always blows his own trumpet.

• To break the ice: It was I who broke the ice after an uneasy silence.
• To bring home to: A good teacher brings his point home to his students.
• To bring to the book: A criminal must be brought to book.
• To bring to light: It was he who brought this matter to light.
• To come to grief: Those who do not act wisely come to grief.
• To come to grips: Let us first come to grips with the real issues.
• To come to one’s senses: After many failures, the boy came to his senses.
• To end in smoke: His plan to overthrow the government ended in smoke.
• To fall prey to: He fell a prey to cholera.
• To get in the way: Do not get in the way of others.

• To get rid of: He is trying to get rid of his enemies.
• Turn off: Turn off the radio.
• Turn out: How many people turned out for the meeting.
• Turn to: The child turned to its mother for comfort.
• Turn up: He promised to come but he has not turned up yet.
• Up and down: There was a commotion up and down the house.
• Ups and downs: He has seen the ups and downs of life.
• Weal and woe: You should share in the weal and woe of your neighbour.
• Wear and tear: Every firm provides for the wear and tear of machines.
• Without fail: I shall meet you without fail.
• Wear out: Cheap shoes soon wear out.
• With an eye to: He is working hard with an eye to the future.

We wish the knowledge shared regarding Bihar Board Solutions for Class 10 English Grammar Idioms and Phrases Questions and Answers has been helpful to you. If you need any further help feel free to ask us and we will get back to you with the possible solution. Bookmark our site to avail the latest updates on different state boards solutions in split seconds.

Guys who are planning to learn the fundamentals of English can avail the handy study material Bihar Board Class 10 English Reader Solutions Paragraph Writing Questions and Answers here. Refer to the Bihar Board English Solutions for Class 10 PDF available and score better grades. Simply click on the quick links available for Bihar Board Class 10 English Book Solutions and prepare all the concepts in it effectively. Take your preparation to the next level by availing the Bihar Board Class 10 English Book Solutions Paragraph Writing prepared by subject experts.

Bihar Board Class 10 English Paragraph Writing

Do you feel the concept of English difficult to understand? Not anymore with our Bihar Board Solutions for Class 10 English Paragraph Writing Questions and Answers. All the Solutions are given to you with detailed explanation and you can enhance your subject knowledge. Use the Bihar Board Textbook Solutions PDF free of cost and prepare whenever you want.

Write a paragraph in about 80or 100 words on the following:

1. The Indian Farmer
The life of the Indian farmer is very hard. He has to work hard from dawn to dusk. He does not cafe for the inclemencies of weather. He may be seen working in his fields in the burning sun and the bitins cold. Sometimes he has to work at night, too. He hardly gets two square meats a day. He cannot enjoy the pleasures of life. He is always in debt. The yield Of crops is very poor because he still carries on his cultivation by old methods. He depends plainly on rain for water. His only source of income is agriculture. So, the failure of crops mins him He is so steeped in poverty, ignorance and superstition that he cannot improve his lot.

2. Newspapers Or, The Importance of Newspaper
Newspapers are veiy useful in modem life. They are the source of both information and entertainment. They give us information about the latest events of the world. They offer comments on current events and enable us to form our own opinions on national and international problems. ‘Every reader gets some materials for himself in newspapers. Tney give a lot of information about films, sports, books and market prices. Those who are in search of jobs find advertisements for various jobs in newspapers. Besides, the reading of a newspaper improves our language. Thus, we can say that newspapers are a part of our daily life.

3. The Postman
The postman is a most useful public servant. He works in the post-office. He does a great service to us. We cannot do without him. We all become happy to see him He brings letters to us from our friends and relations. He also brings parcels and money-orders to us. Sometimes he brings us happy telegrams about our success. He works all the year round. He moves from door to door in sun and rain. He knows every person of his area. Everyone awaits his arrival, though sometimes he brings sad news also. We do not have to go to the post-office for our letters. The postman himself comes to us.

4. Bicycle
Bicycle is an important means of communication. It costs a small amount and provides many benefits. We may easily reach our destination much earlier than to walk on foot. We are able to carry another person and cany our useful article or goods on the bicycle. We can even move easily to a narrow street or ‘a place not communicable to other vehicles like car, trucks, rickshaw etc. It is also beneficial to our health, being a good exercise by moving from one place to another on it. It costs little and saves our expenditure in comparison to other means of communication. Thus, bicycle is most useful to us in all respects.

5. Science – A boon or a curse 12013 (A)]
In modem times, science is reallv a true companion of mankind. We cannot do anything without it. In every walk of lile, it helps us like a real friend, may it be agriculture, industry, health, environment, travel, entertainment, communication and information technology. We may know about the international affairs, every now and then by’ sitting before a television set. But tire misuse of science turns it into a curse. We are responsible for its dreadful acts, by making bombs and maiy other destructive equipments and devices. Thus, science is a boon (blessing) or a curse, depending solely on, its uses and misuses.

6. Global Terrorism [2013 (A)]
Terrorism has crossed borders and has developed into a global issue. The US had been aiding terrorist outfits around the world to ‘contain the influence of communism. In the Arab region it tried to prevent the spread of Arab nationalism. The peace process for Palestinians is being undertaken. Afghanistan has remained a war-tom. region. The ascendency of Islamic fundamentalism in the region has been accomplished by the US and Pakistan. Sri-Lanka has also been ripped apart by ethnic violence. Terrorist outfits should not receive state patronage from countries.

7. The Washerman
The washerman is a useful member of society as he washes our clothes. He works hard from dawn to dusk but he does not earn much. He collects dirty clothes from different houses. He boils them in a solution of water and soda for some time. Then he takes them to a river or tank and washes them. He spreads them in the sun for drying. Then he iron the washed clothes and returns them to his customers. In spite of his hard labour he does not earn much. So, his condition is miserable.

8. The Policeman
The policeman has to do a veiy hard job. He is always watchful and vigilant. He has to obey the orders of his superiors without any murmur. He must not fear the sun, the rain or the cold weather. He detects crimes and arrests criminals. He goes out on rounds at night in his area to see if bad characters are out to commit crime. His main duty is to protect life and property. He is responsible for peace and-safety in his area Sometimes his life is m danger, in big towns policemen also control the traffic and thus prevent accidents.

9. Your favourite teacher
Shri R. B. Roy is the best teacher of my school. He is very generous and kind-hearted. He is a great scholar. He is a very efficient teacher. He teaches English and Hindi in top classes. He makes.his lessons very interesting. Rarely a boy is found absent from his class. It is a pleasure to attend his classes. He is a very strict disciplinarian. There is pin-drop silence in his class. But at the same time he is very sympathetic and affectionate in his behaviour. He seldom loses his temper. He is always impartial. So, he commands our love and respect.

10. A Village Fair
A village fair is almost like a periodical market. Most of the villages are far from towns. So, the village fair serves the needs of villagers, if is generally held in a big spacious place outside a village. A central site is chosen so that other neighbouring villages may not be very far fromit. Stalls which are temporarily erected are arranged in rows. Shopkeepers from towns and villages hire those stalls.-They bring various kinds of things for display and sale. Vast crowds gather to see and buy things: The cinema, circus, magic shows, etc., visit these village fairs to entertain the crowd. A fair is a place where villagers meet their friends and relatives. The village fair lasts for about a week.

11. A Village Market [2011 (G)]
The village market is a place where people gather to buy and sell things. People from nearby villages also visit this market. There are a few permanent shops in the market. But we find a good number of temporary shops there. Most of the shopkeepers pile their things on the ground They sell grains, vegetables, fish, coarse cloth, stationery, utensils, sweets and agricultural implements. There is a lot of noise in the village market. It is difficult to settle the price of a thing because of bargainin’!. A person who visits the market for the first time may be easily swindled. Though the market is full of noise, dust and disorder, it is very useful to villagers.

12. My Favourite Book Or, The Book You Like Most
Books are the treasure of knowledge. I have read many books but I like Bhagwad Gita most. It is a part of the Mahabharat. Lord Krishna through this Bhagwat Gita preached Arjuna. Arjuna did not like to fight in the battle¬field Lord Krishna gave him the message of Niskam Karm. He told him that a man must go on doing his duty without any motive to fulfil his desires. He told Arjuna that the soul is immortal whereas this body is perishable. Thus, he should not get worried about the death of Drona ana Bhishma. Thus, immortality of soul has been very well presented in the Gita. It has rich philosophy. It gives us peace of mind.

13. The Cinema
The cinema is the most popular means of entertainment in modem life. As soon as the film begins we are transported to another- world. We forget for the moment that the men and women enacting the drama of life are nothing but moving pictures oh a screen. We watch the actions of men and women with great curiousity. We forget our sorrows and-share their joys. When the hero dies, we feel pity for him We forget our cares and anxieties when we watch a good film. Some films also teach us good lessons. They also help us in leading our life in a better way.

14. Your Favourite Game Or, The Game you Like Most.
I like football most. It is a very popular game in our country. I like it for several reasons. It is a very interesting game. It gives us some mental exercise, too. We have to be alert and active all the time. We need intelligence and imagination for scoring a goal. We develop fellow-feeling, a sense of co¬operation and team spirit through this game. We develop good habits and manners. This game is also very cheap. Its rules are simple. We only need a playground and a leather ball with a rubber bladder for the game.

15. The Season You Like Most Or, Spring Seoson [2014 (A) Set-II]
Of all the seasons I like the spring most. It is the best season of the year. It is called the queen of the seasons: How beautiful the earth looks during this season! Different kinds of flowers bloom in the spring. The smiling flowers give us a lot of joy. They make us forget our cares and anxieties’. When we walk in a garden, we are filled with joy. The cuckoo i$ mad with joy. Its sweet notes chaiyn us. The days of the springs are very pleasant. The spring brings beautiful sights and charming sounds. It is the season of joy. That is why I am very fond of this season.

16. The Festival I like most Or, An Indian Festival
India is a land of Festivals. Holi, Deepawali, Durga-Puja, etc. are some of the festivals of Hindus. I like Holi festival most. Holi is the famous festival of Hindus. It is a festival of joy and beauty. The festival adds to the beauty of the’Season. People eat, drink and make merry..They beat drum. They go from house to house. They use colour and abir on the face and body of their friends and negihbours. The rich and the poor, the high and low are mad of joy. They embrace each other. This festival marks the victory of good over evils. It reminds us of the story of Prahlad and Hiranyakashyap.

17. Friendship
In our life, which is generally full of sorrow and misery, friendship is a great blessing. It lessens our sorrow and doubles our joys. In this world of pain and suffering, friendship provides a ray of hope. There is mutual sympathy between two friends. They share the joys and sorrows of each other. Fnendship makes the tiresome journey of life pleasant. Real friendship is based on unselfishness and mutual love. A true friend is ready to make any sacrifice for his friend. He is always loyal to his friend. He admires his friend’s virtues and forgives his faults. But true friendship is rare in this world of ours.

18. The usefulness of Electricity
Electricity is a very useful and important necessity today. People have turned it to various uses. It is used to light houses, streets androads. It turns the fan over our heads and keeps us coot in summer. The electric light is very’ convenient. We press the switch and our room is at once Hooded with lisht. Electricity drives trams, trains and other vehicles. It also cooks our food. The telephone, telegraph, cinema, radio and television are worked by electricity. ‘ Thus, electricity helps us in receiving messages from distant places. Electricity is a great friend oi man. If electricity is not available, all the comforts of modem life will lose their meaning.

19. Walking
Walking is a good exercise and everyone can practise it without any trouble. It improves our health and refreshes our mind. It suits both the old and the young. But it is quite necessary’ for the weak and old persons. It is equally suitable for the people engaged in mental work. Walking is entertaining only when we walk in company of friends. Walking with friends has its own pleasure which can only be felt, not described. Some people like to walk alone. It is the only form of exercise that is good for children, women and the convalescents alike. One who misses it, perhaps misses a lot of good things.

20. The Importance of Discipline
Discipline is necessary in every walk of life. In fact, discipline adds to our success. Without discipline our social life will be sad ana disorderly, Discipline is the most important factor behind the progress of any nation. It is necessary in schools. Students must be disciplined”because they are the future citizens of their country. If the drivers do not obey the rules of the road, it may be dangerous to move on the road. Can a family be happy if all members refuse to obey the head of the family? If the soldiers lack discipline, they will lose a battle. So, discipline is absolutely essential for life.

21. The Importance of Games and Sports.
Games and sports are vital in our life. Like food and drink, they are also very-’ important. Lire is dull without games. Games and sports develop in us a sense of fellow-feeling. They train our minds and shape our thinking. A real sportsman is a true gentleman. Games and sports inculcate in us the*spirit of co-Operation, discipline, honesty and sportsmanship. A sportsman has a healthy spirit of competition. He plays tor the sake of playing and is never jealous ‘of others.

22. Television Or, Importance of Television
[2011(A); 2014 (A) Set-II] Television is one of the wonders of science. It is very common and popular these days. It means distant vision It receives and transmits visual vision. It enables the people to see whatever happens in different parts of the country and the world! Now, it has become a major form of media communication. The games and sports held in India and abroad are presented to us on television. Silting at home we can enjoy thei a Now, as a great means of education. It can educate the students about the latest discoveries of science and technology. It is also good for farmers. It educates the tanners about the latest technical devices of agriculture. There are some disadvantages of television Some people do nothing but watch the television. It causes unnecessary wastage of time and energy. But advantages ofT.V. are more than the disadvantages.

23. Health is Wealth
We all know the saying Health is wealth. Health is the most precious thing in human life. Life without good health is no life at all. An unhealthy man “leads a miserable life. He mav be rich, but he finds no pleasure in life. His iife becomes a burden to him. A healthy man can achieve success by dint f hard work. Good health is the key to success in life. The real wealth of man is his health. The secret of happiness in human life is good health. Without health riches are useless. So, sound health is our real treasure. We must keep ourselves fit and healthy. Good health sweetens our life and brings prosperity. “A sound mind in a sound body” is a reality.

24. Honesty is the Best Policy
Honesty is one of the greatest virtues of man. It is very useful in human life. It makes the life of a than happy and successful. An honest man wins success and is admired by all. Honesty is the greatest source of strength. A man who is honest has nothing to fear and nothing to be ashamed of. Honesty is his greatest weapon. An honest man may not get success in the beginning, but in the long run his honesty brings name and fame. The success of a dishonest man is his failure, because in future nobody will trust him. So, honesty should be the principle of our life.

25. The Advantages of Early Rising
There are many advantages of early rising. A man who is an early riser gets time to do lots of work. In the early morning the mind is fresh. So, an early riser can do hard work more attentively. An early riser enjoys the beauty of Nature in the morning. He gets fresh morning air which keeps him fit for the whole day. Early rising is good for health. An early riser goes to bed early, and sleeps well at night. An early riser can do a lot of workbefore the other people get up. He is healthy, happy and relaxed most of the time. So, early rising has many advantages.

26. Your Aim in Life Or, My Aim in Life [2013(A)]
I want to serve my country in the best possible way. I want to become a leader for doing some useful work for my country. I find that there is a big gap between the aspirations of the masses and their fulfilment. So, it is the duty of the leaders of India to understand their aspirations and tiy for their fulfilment. True and good leaders are those who are always willing to sacrifice themselves for the sake, of their people and their country. If there are no good leaders, the country’ may have to pass through a critical period of its history. I wish to be an honest and hard-workingleader. I want to sen’s and do something for my country. May God make my dream come true one day.

27 The Happiest Day in Your Life
Shall I ever forget the day which brought me fortune? The memory of . the happiest day in my life is still fresh in my mind. When 1 woke up in the morning I could not expect that it would be a lucky day. As I took a glance at the newspaper lying on the table, I found to my surprise that I had won the first prize in a lottery. My mother embraced me lovingly as I announced the news. I was beside myself wnh excitement. It was a stroke of luck and I had w become rich in a moment. I wondered how I would spend that huge amount which I would get shortly. I was lost in the world of dreams.

28. The Scene at a Railway Station
The Railway station is a very’ colourful place. It is full of life and * activities. Passengers are seen walking or talking leisurely till their train arrives. With the arrival of the train, there is increase in the magnitude of noise and excitement. Every passenger is on his legs. As the train stops, everyone rushes towards the compartment. Sometimes a large number of passengers hasten towards one compartment only. The porters higgle and argue with the passengers for their charges. In the rush that follows in getting into and coming out of the compartments, pick-pockets pick the pockets To some of the passengers.

29. The Ganga
The Ganaa is a holy river. Krises from the Himalayas. The Ganga flow’s through Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Bengal Then it falls into tire Bay of Bengal. The Ganga divides Bihar into two parts; one part is North Bihar and the other is South Bihar. There are many towns and cities on its banks. The Ganga is useful to farmers. People take a bath in it on religious occasions. The Hindus worship the Ganga and call it Ganga Mata.

30. A Student life [2011(C)]
A student life is the future hope of a country. A student’s life is very hard. He has to labour hard. No student can progress without hard labour. He is always in want of money. He has to depend on others for everything. He sometimes faces many problems. A student is the backbone of a country. He must get all facilities. Some students are rude. They cannot learn anything. They lose the bright future their life. Life is a learning process. A student s period is short. He must get free education. He must get tood and cloth free of cost. We ought to help him with books and pens also.

31. Mv Hobby
Every man has got some hobby. Some are interested in reading novels and short stories. My hobby is to read religious books. I read the Quoran, the Gita, the Bible and so on. I get light from these books. I read some comments on these books. I am very fond of such books. Such books are full of Science, Arts, Philosophy and what-not.-I remain sitting at home and go on reading these books. They are of great use to us. They are full of morals.

32. Your (our) Village.
Life in our village is peaceful but not pleasant.’ Our village has no roads and electricity. It has no hospital and dispensary. Our village has the pleasures of nature. There are green fields looking like beautiful gardens. There are fresh air and water here. It is free from pollution. It is free tropi dim and bustle of the town life. We get pure milk ana food. Living in a villagers good for health. But we lack many things here. We are not able to get medical help in time of needs. Newspapers and magazines are not easily available here. We have no means of transport to go easily to distant places. We get letters from friends and relatives after a long delay. But there is peace and tranquillity here. Our villagers live in harmony. Thus, the life here is peaceful and happy but lacks many things of comfort and luxury.

33. Summer Vacation
Summer vacation means the closure of schools, college and other educational institution in summer. Sometimes in the months of June, due to excessive hot weather, it becomes very much difficult for the students to attend their classes. Summer vacation comes for the students to study hard so that they may finish the pending work. They should not was their summer-vacation period idly periodidly, but to do the home work. It is the hightime when they should make ‘ preparation for the next examination for building up their future career.

34. My Neighbour
I live at Piro Chatra. It is a big village. Shri Lalit Singh is my neighbour. He lives just beside my house. He is a teacher in some high school, fie is an M.A. in English and History. He is very grave and gentle. Once my father was seriously ilL He daily came to my house. He helped us with money also. He is a good friend, philosopher and guide to us. He is a solid man. He has got four sons and two daughters. They are all well behaved. His wife is very noble and gentle. We call him uncle. He is an ideal neighbour.

35. Our School
I am a student. I read in Zila School Ranchi. It is an old school. It was founded in 1914. One thousand boys and girls read in this school. There are 30 teachers. They are qualified. All are trained. They teach us with love and care. There is a provision for games and sports. All games are played. We take part in it. Annual function is field every year. Good students are rewarded. It has a rich library. There is a rich science laboratory. There is a small garden in front of the school. The school has a pucca house. The rooms are airy and lighted. There is a hostel. Intelligent boys reside iif it. Most of the students of our school get first division in the Secondary Board Examination. We are • proud of our school.

36. Morning Walk Or, Walking is a good exercise.
Walking is a good exercise. Everyone can do it easily. It brings energy. We can walk both the times, in morning and evening. Morning walk is the better of the two. Evening walk is also very useful. It is a very good habit. For this every one has to get up very early in the morning. He soon starts for the bank of a river, a canal or a pond. He may JJO to a green park in a town. There he gets fresh air. He sees the sun rise. They are very useful to health. His mind gets fresh. He can work very peacefully all day long. Walking costs us nothing. We may walk with our mends and relations. Our talks should be healthy then. Evening walk also brings sound sleep in the night.

37. Cleanliness
Cleanliness is next to godliness. Everyone likes it. It removes dirts and refuses.’’Dirtiness-breeds diseases. It dulls our brain. A neat and clean man does anything properly. He can think well. He can do everything beautifully. Dirts and refuses should be thrown out of the house daily. We have a bath daily. We keep our body neat and clean. We clean our clothes. We sweep our floor with a broom. We should at once throw our dirts and refuses. We should not make nuisance here and there. We should clean our drains. We should advise our neighbours to do likewise. We should not go to a dirty place.

38. Discipline Or, Good manners Or, The value of discipline
Discipline means manners. It teaches us how to live a good and social life. No discipline, no life. Manners make the man. We learn discipline and manners in classes. We can’t rise in life without it: Everyone hates an indisciplined man. Discipline is the best way of life. It promotes fellow feeling, intimacy and good relationship. Man is respected everywhere due to his’manners. He gets elevated in life due to it. Discipline is a good action. We have to work and behave decently. This will keep us in a good position every -where. Learning minus discipline is a big zero.

39. A Great National Leader of India Or, Great National Leader [2012(A)]
India is a vast country. It has been slave for long. Our national leaders and patriots made this countiy free. Mahatma Gandhi was the greatest of ‘ them. If it is said that one man nas made this country free, the man is none but. Mr. Gandhi. He is popularly called Bapujee. He was bom on the 2nd Oct. 1869. His father’s name was Karamchand Gandhi. His wife’s name was Kasturba. Kasturba was also a great patriot. She died in jail for the country. Bapujee was jailed several times. Dr Rajendra Prasad, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, Ballabh Bhai Patel, Moulana Abulkalam Azad, Subhash Chandra Bose and others were his true disciples. He got freedom by dint of his untold sacrifices. Hepreached non¬violence, love and touehability among the people of hi s country. Thus he aroused the sense of nationality, brotherhood ana fraternity among the people of this countiy. He vyas rightly called the father of the nation. How can we forget him in life? ‘ ” . .

40. The value of science
Today is the’era of science. Science is our life. At present we cannot do without it. We need it all the time. Science has brought about untold changes in our life. Electricity, trains, planes, cars, T. V., radio and other are the main gifts of science. We are much profiled by them. Still we lag behind most of the other countries of the world in science. Our life is now fast. We have to finish so many things in a very short period. We have to apply the scientific method in all walk of life. Then we can fully progress in life. Science has proved a great boon to the society.

41. Your Principal, Or Headmaster
I am apupil at a high School. There.are sixteen teachers. One is head. He is called headmaster. His name is Shri Rajendra Singh. He is a trained M. A. His knowledge is deep. He has a taste for poetry. He teaches well. He is a good manager. He keeps the house neat and clean. He has a strong sense of discipline. He obeys rules. Others follow him. So there is peace in the school. Good boys love him. Teachers respect him People honour him. He punishes bad boys. To spare the rod is to spoil the child, he knows it. Sometimes he takes the classes. He inspires his teachers for better performance in the class. He is a man of plain living and high thinking.

42. Deepawali
Deepawali is a great festival of the Hindus. It isjcelebrated in the month of Kartik. It is the day of happiness and joy. On this very day, Lord Ram returned from the forest. We celebrate Deepawali in the.memoty of that incident. Every house is cleaned and white washed. Houses are lignted with earthen lamps, candles or electric bulbs. We worship goddess Lakshmi also on the day. Lakshmi is goddess of wealth. Businessmen renew their account- books etc. Children play with crackers etc. Sweels are distributed in all the houses.

43. My School Garden [2012(A)]
My sch6ol garden wears different look in different parts of the year reflecting the methods of the different seasons and presenting flowers of different colour and fragrance. The scorching heat of the summer sun favours the multi-coloured portulacas, the lilies and the flowering trees that stand at the edge of the large warden boundary. The “Gul-Mohar” sparks its blazing glory’ while the ‘Golden labumam does not fall to lag behind. The trailing glory of the varied colourd Bougain-villaea are refreshing for the tired eyes. But it is winter that transforms our garden into a paradise with lush blooms of• Chrysanthemums, Dahiss, Salvias planted in skillfully organised manner. The borders of candy-tufls, phlox and verbinas call attention to themselves. But the bed of flowers that invitability’takes our breath away with its heady perfumes and riot of colours is-of course, our most beloved the Rose.

44. Our School Library
Our School has a library. It is not in good condition: The library is without a fulltime librarian. The jibrary-in-charge is also busy otherwise there is no reading room. The books also are old. So we musfimprove it. There should be a trained librarian. The library and reading room should be sunny and airy’. There should be funds for new and good books. Newspapers and magazines should be available in the library. Every student should get books from the library. In this way our poor school library can be improved.

45. Rewards of being kind-hearted [2011(A)]
We must be kind to all the living beings. It will never be harmful and in no case put to any loss to those who lire km cl hearted: On the other hand it will be a boon to our success and happiness in life. We should help the distressed • and needy persons. We should not hesitate even to help the evil persons by forgiving’their faults. Selfless help and sympathy will tear fruits and will be rewarded in course of time. A kind-hearted man’ will lead a blessed life. His life will never be filled with sorrow and misery’. People will come forward for iiis help in his days of misfortune and misery because.he had always helped all those who come to him, “Charity never goes unrewarded’ is a fact.

46. My Daily Life (My Daily Routine)
l am a student. 1 live in a village with my parents. I am an early-riser. I get up at 5 A.M. everyday. Then I attented the call of nature. 1 wash my hands and leet. Then I clean my teeth. I have my bath. I get my snack. I sit down tor my studies. I finish my home task. I do my class-lesson.. I have my meal. I go to school on foot. I return home by 4.30 P.M. I play some games with my friends. 1 sit at a table again. I do mv lessons till 9 P.M. Then I take my supper. 1 go to bed by ten, I pray to God. | get tired by that time, Sq 1 have a sound sleep at night. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. ”

47. Importance of Labour [2011(A)]
Sincere Labour never goes in vain. It is always rewarded. There is a proverb, “Work is worship.” Mere words and idle worship lead us nowhere. We worship great men ana noble souls who did a lot to make this world worthliving and happy. We must put in hard-work. This is the best form of worship. Moreover, there is nothing which cannot be achieved by hard-labour.

48. “An Ideal Student” Or, “The Most Popular Students of Your School”.
I read in Town H. E. School Sahebgani. Here are about two.thousand students. All are good. Ram Nath Prasad is the most popular student of my school. He is very intelligent and deligent. He is tall and handsome. Henever shirk labour. He always stands first in his class. He is vary obedient, social, noble, brave and patient. He takes an active part in the game and the sports of the school. He is good player of foot-ball and volley ball specially. He is never absent from the class. All teachers love him most. He is sure to rise in life. He is certainly an idea! student.

49. Holi Celebrations in My Colony Or, Festival of Holi
Holi is a festival for which I wait for he whole year, it’s indeed, a great pleasure to sprinkle coloured water on those whom you love and respect. This year’s Holi was also a memorable occasion. Early in the morning, boys of the colony gathered at different spots and would not let any passer-by go scot free. Some friends came from other colonies too and we enjoyed colouring one another’s face. We returned to our places at about 2 o’clock in the afternoon. I had to spend a long time in the bathroom gettimx rid of the colours on the face and hands. Bath over and mother served the delicious food made specially to celebrate Holi. After a nap, all members of my family dressed up for an outing. We went to the houses of our friends giving them Holi gifts, we came back home in a very happy frame of mind.

50. Value of Games
Games are most important part of our life. They’ are very important for the students. Out-door games help us to keep healthy. The games teach us to work and enjoy together. For no game can be played alone. Games create in us a spirit of discipline also. While playine the games, we have to follow the rules strictly . These days, our country’ needs good players. Our record in games has been far from good so far. We should understand tire value of games. In fact, the games should be made compulsory for every student.

51. A Visit to a Book Fair
There was held a Book Fair in Pragati Maidan, New Delhi in August, 2004. Our class teacher organised a visit to it. So one-Sunday we were taken to it. I was amazed to see hundreds of publishers and booksellers participating in it. There were thousands of books displayed. All the books had attractive designs. Almost all the subjects had been covered by these books. There were children’s books all round. 1 wanted to buy some general books. But their prices’ were very high. Visiting the Fair was indeed an experience in itself.

52. Dowry System in India
Giving and receiving of dowry is a social evil and a crime. Almost every eligible boy has a price. His parents dictate the terms and demand dowry in the form of cash and kind. Such demands put the poof father of the girl in a tight comer. He may beg, borrow or steal but he has to spend for his daughter’s marriage. The bride is tortured and even burnt alive. Isn’t it possible to finish this evil? Perhaps, we can check it to some extent through laws and proper’education.

53. Your Class Monitor [2012(A)]
Kumar Sobhit is the monitor of my class. He has to perform several duties to rnantain order in the class. He is a smart student. He is most gentle, co-
operative and very popular among the students and teachers. His most important duty is to keep discipline in the class in the absence of teachers. He helps the teachers in several ways. He brings chalk, map and charts from the office for the use of teachers, he distributes us our notebooks corrected by the teachers, among us. He looks after the mantainence of the class-room. Shobhit is an.ideal ciassmonitor in real sense.

54. An Ideal Teacher
The ideal persons are rare in any field of life. It is more so in the field of education. The reason is not far to seek. We expect too much from the teachers. However, the teachers are apart of the society. An ideal teacher is one who loves to learn and to teach. Yet most teachers are today devoted to money and honour. The society must provide these two things unasked to them. Only then can it expect to have ideal .teachers.

55. An Ideal Citizen
An ideal citizen is he who remembers his duties towars the society. Ideal citizens are rare. We read about them only in stories, believe it is not impossible to become art ideal citizen. One needs to have firm determination. Our selfishness will like us to go astray. Yet the lives of greatmen teach us that no one can become great without facing great difficulties. If these greatmen suffered so much, what do our petty sufferings matter?

56. My Best Friend
I am fortunate that I have many friends. Rakesh is my best friend. I like his company because our interests are alike. He is humorous but not cheap. He is clean in ms dress, speech and habits. He comes of a middle class family but he has set his aims high. He inspires me to study, to play and to think. Our attraction for each other is mutual. Our friendship is the envy of my classmates. It is not based on any selfish motive. I can do tor him any service.

57. Work is Worship
We worship God for all that He has blessed us with. We seek his blessings. We worship great men and noble souls who did a lot to make this world worthliving. Mere words and idle worship lead us nowhere. We must put in hard work. This is the best form of worship. Praying to God and doing nothing is not real worship. We should work honestly and with a will. Our success in life depends on the work we put in. Hard work will bear fruit and change this world into a paradise.

58. An Accident
There occurred a serious accident yesterday evening in our colony. A car was coming with a great speed. Suddenly there came a truck from the opposite direction. The car driver tried to overtake another car, before him. But the car struck the truck direct. The driver died on the spot. The car was smashed up completely. The truck driver had no fault. He was driving at the * normal speed.

59. Values of Trees in our life Or, Importance of trees [Board Exam 2011(A)]
Trees are as important to life as oxygen. Their benefits are too many. These can’t be counted. Trees provide fuel, fodder, furniture, fruits, oxygen, shelter to birds and animals etc. The most important is oxygen. Trees consume carbon dioxide and change it into oxygen. Then they provide beauty to the landscape. Without oxygen we can’t live for more than one minute. They keep . ecological balance of nature. They bring rain. Without this, there is no life.

60. A Hot Summer Day
This year in Jharkhand summer was very hot. June and July are the hottest months. Twenty third June was the hottest day this year. At noon sun was pouring fire. Outside it was really very hot. There were fewer people on the roads. Birds and animals had taken shelter in a shady place. All tne people perspired. Life seemed to have stopped. It was really very very hot day. The heat was unbearable.

61. A Visit to Zoo
Last Sunday my friends and I visited the Zoo. We bought the tickets and entered it. We saw various birds. They looked very beautitul. Their chirping charmed us greatly. Then we saw various monkeys. They gave us pleasure by their chattering. We also saw a gorilla. All the visitors were attracted to it. Crocodiles, elephants, tigers, lions, snakes and blue bulls looked fearsome. We were greatly excited to see them. We returned home in the evening.

62. The Person I like Most
I like my English teacher the most. She is very intelligent. She is a lady of great .wisdom. Her method of teaching is very good. We understand easily what she teaches. She gives many examples from real life. She is very smart. She’has a soft heart. Sne helps us with books. She is a very kind lady. She is polite too. We all love her very much. .

63. A Rainy Day [2012(A)]
A rainy day in summer is a great blessing. Last year the summer in Delhi was unusually hot. Hot winds continually blew from morning till evening. Nights, too, were close and stuffy. Hopeful eyes fixed at the sky prayed to God to have pity. God perhaps did listen and on the 18th of June; some clouds were seen gathering in the Sky. There was joy all around. It started pouring soon. The snowers came as a great relief to tne perspiring persons. Very soon there was knee-deep water everywhere. Old and young played and bathed in the rain. Mangoes were readily in demand. When the rain stopped, there was a rainbow in the sky. Heat had gone. All enjoyed a sound sleep at night.

64. An Idedal Family [2013(C)]
An ideal family leads a peaceful, happy and prosperous life. Everybody in the family realises his responsibilities and perform their duties. They maintain cordial and friendly relations with their neighbours and those persons who come in their contact. My family consists of nine persons, myself, my wife, two sons^ their wifes and three grandsons. It is an ideal and well planned family. All of the family members are co-operative, disciplined, sincere and dutiful. Everybody maintains courtsy and discipline showing due affection and respects to one another. My grandsons are obedient, well-mannered and smart. My sons and their wives lake all possible cares and services to me and my wife. They also instructed their children to do accordingly. My grandsons take keen interest in their studies, games and sports like cricket, toot- ball etc. Everybody in my family possesses keen sense of dischareing his duties and responsibilities. On the whole my family is the best example of an ideal unit of the society. I feel proud of my family members. For myself my family is a paradise. Thus, it is evident that an ideal family is just like “heaven” and an unruly family, “a hell”.

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Bihar Board Class 10 English Grammar Clauses

Sentence, Phrase and Clause

1. Sentence: शब्दों के किसी ऐसे समूह को वाक्य (Sentence) कहा जाता है जो अर्थ को पूर्ण रूप से स्पष्ट करता हो; जैसे-

• He is my best friend.
• Boys are going to school.
• He went home yesterday.
• God helps those who help themselves.

ऊपर दिया गया प्रत्येक शब्द-समूह किसी पूर्ण अर्थ को स्पष्ट करता है। इस प्रकार के शब्द-समूह को ही वाक्य (Sentence) कहा जाता है।

2. Phrase: शब्दों के किसी ऐसे समूह को वाक्यांश (phrase) कहा जाता है, जिससे कुछ अर्थ तो निकलता हो किन्तु पूर्ण अर्थ स्पष्ट नहीं होता हो; जैसे-

• on the table.
• after an hour.
• in the morning..
• with my brother.

3. Clause: ऐसे शब्द समूह को Clause (उप-वाक्य अथवा पद) कहा जाता है जो किसी पूर्ण वाक्य का अंश हो तथा जिसका अपना अलग Subject और Predicate हो।

4. Clause के विचार से वाक्य तीन प्रकार के होते हैं-

1. Simple Sentence (सरल वाक्य)
2. Compound Sentence (संयुक्त वाक्य)
3. Complex Sentence (मिश्रित वाक्य)

1. Simple Sentence जिस वाक्य का केवल एक ही Clause हो उसे Simple Sentence कहा जाता है; जैसे-

• The boy broke his leg.
• She washed her clothes.

2. Compound Sentence-जिस वाक्य में दो या दो से अधिक अनाश्रित Clauses हों, उसे Compound Sentence कहा जाता है, उदाहरण के रूप में

• Sita saw Ram and she became happy.
• You must work hard or you will fail.
• Many were called, but few were chosen.

Compound Sentence of No Clause ont Co-ordinate clause कहा जाता है।

3. Complex Sentence (मिश्रित वाक्य) जिस वाक्य में एक मुख्य-वाक्य (Principal Clause) हो तथा एक या एक से अधिक आश्रित वाक्य (Subordinate Clauses) हों, उसे Complex Sentence कहा जाता है;
Principal Clause को Main Clause भी कहा जाता है।
Subordinate Clause को Dependent Clause भी कहा जाता है।

Complex Sentence

1. Principal Clause
2. Subordinate Clause

1. Principal Clause – मिश्रित वाक्य का वह खण्ड जो मुख्य Subject और मुख्य Predicate से बना हो, उसे Principal Clause कहा जाता है।
2. Subordinate Clause – मिश्रित वाक्य का वह खण्ड जिसका अर्थ – Principal Clause पर आश्रित हो, उसे Subordinate Clause कहा जाता है।

Kinds of Subordinate Clauses
Subordinate Clauses तीन प्रकार के होते हैं-

1. Noun Clause
2. Adjective Clause
3. Adverb Clause.

1. Noun Clause: किसी Complex Sentence में जो पद एक संज्ञा (Noun) का कार्य कर रहां हो, उसे Noun Clause कहा जाता है। निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में तिरछे छपे हुए शब्द-समूह Noun Clause बनाते हैं:-

• That John is a thief was not known to me.
• He was told that he must not be late again.
• Learning that my brother had received serious injuries, I left for Shimla.
• I was shocked to hear that his only son had died.
• Listen to what the teacher says.
• The fact is that he knows nothing.
• It is true that he risked his own life to save the child.
• I am not sure who will teach you engligh

2. Adjective Clause: किसी Complex Sentence में जो पद किसी विशेषण (Adjective) का कार्य कर रहा हो, उसे Adjective Clause कहा जाता है।
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में तिरछे छपे हुए शब्द-समूह Adjective Clause बनाते है:

• The Company that supplied goods has failed.
• The house where my brother lives have been sold.

3. Adverb Clause: किसी Complex Sentence में जो पद किसी क्रिया-विशेषण (Adverb) का कार्य कर रहा हो, उसे Adverb Clause कहा जाता है।
निम्नलिखित वाक्य में तिरछे छपे हुए शब्द-समूह Adverb Clause बनाते हैं:

• When the cat is away, the mice will play.
• Where there is a will, there is a way.
• You should act as the doctor advises you.
• He talks as if he were mad.
• As far as I know, Ram Lal is not to blame.
• As you are over fourteen, you will have to pay full fare.
• I work hard so that I may pass.

Important Questions with Answers

Complete the following sentences using suitable clauses.

Question 1.

1. He that ________ needs fear no fall.
2. All that ________ is not gold.

Answer:

1. He that is down needed fear no fall.
2. All that glitters is not gold.

Question 2.

1. It was certain that ________
2. It is sure that ________

Answer:

1. It was certain that the man would die.
2. It is sure that he will succeed.

Question 3.

1. It is evident that ________
2. that ________ is was sure.

Answer:

1. It is evident that the rain will fall today.
2. That the man would die was certain.

Question 4.

1. It was very unfortunate that ________
2. God help those who ________

Answer:

1. It was very unfortunate that you were taken ill.
2. Gold helps those who help themselves.

Question 5.

1. I do not know what ________
2. This is the boy whom ________

Answer:

1. I do not know what you have done.
2. This is a boy whom I met yesterday.

Question 6.

1. I do not know where ________
2. I have no belief in ________

Answer:

1. I do not know where he lives.
2. I have no belief in what he says.

Question 7.

1. Let me see what ________
2. The question is how ________

Answer:

1. Let me see what happens.
2. The question is how people behave.

Question 8.

1. Strike the iron while ________
2. I went to see him because ________

Answer:

1. Strike the iron while it is hot.
2. I went to see him because he was seriously ill.

Question 9.

1. Here he lives where ________
2. Go where ________

Answer:

1. Here he lives where he likes.
2. Go where you like.

Question 10.

1. Go to bed early so that ________
2. Better to rain in hell than ________

Answer:

1. Go to bed early so that you may rise early.
2. Better to rain in hell than serve in heaven.

Question 11.

1. Radha is not so beautiful as ________
2. Even if the night is dark, he will ________

Answer:

1. Radha is not so beautiful as Sita.
2. Even if the night is dark, he will start.

Question 12.

1. The sun will rise so long as ________
2. None can harm you as long as ________

Answer:

1. The sun will rise so long as the world lasts.
2. None can harm you as long as you are good.

Question 13.

1. Until you remain idle, you ________
2. Until you are dutiful you ________

Answer:

1. Until you remain idle you will get no success.
2. Until you are dutiful you will be praised.

Question 14.

1. You are afraid you ________
2. Unless you do not labour hard you ________

Answer:

1. You are afraid you will fail.
2. Unless you do not labour hard you will not get success.

Question 15.

1. You can not mend yourself unless ________
2. I agree to what ________

Answer:

1. You can not mend yourself unless you are not penalized.
2. I agree with what you say

Question 16.

1. He writes letter than ________
2. He is as good as ________

Answer:

1. He writes a letter than he speaks.
2. He is as good as you are.

Question 17.

1. Nothing is better than ________
2. He acted as if ________

Answer:

1. Nothing is a letter than good health.
2. He acted as if he were a mad man.

Question 18.

1. Work hard otherwise ________
2. Obey you teacher otherwise ________

Answer:

1. Work hard otherwise, you will fail.
2. Obey your teacher otherwise, you will be punished.

Question 19.

1. I can not attend my classes because ________
2. I know, that you ________

Answer:

1. I can not attend my clause because I am ill.
2. I know that you are a good friend.

Question 20.

1. I know that ________
2. Tell me what ________

Answer:

1. I know that the earth is round.
2. Tell me what you have done.

Question 21.
Complete the following using the clauses given in the box:

What my governess taught me;
that you can at a young age;
When you are young.

________ you remember everything forever. Now that I am old, I forget everything in a few seconds, but I still cannot get on without remembering ________ I advise you to cram in all.
Answer:
When you are young you remember everything forever. Now that I am old, I forget everything in a few seconds, but I still cannot get on without remembering what my governess taught me. I advise you to cram in all that you can at a young age.

Question 22.
Complete the following using the clauses given in the box.

that she should hide;
how to escape from them;
where he should go;

The city was torn with riots. The old man did not know the place ________ along with his daughter. Since the house was surrounded by rioters he even did not know ________ He, therefore, told his daughter ________ somewhere.
Answer:
The city was torn with riots. The old man did not know the place where he should go along with his daughter Since the house was surrounded by rioters, he even did not know how to escape from them, He, therefore, told his daughter that she should hide somewhere.

We wish the knowledge shared regarding Bihar Board Solutions for Class 10 English Grammar Clauses Questions and Answers has been helpful to you. If you need any further help feel free to ask us and we will get back to you with the possible solution. Bookmark our site to avail the latest updates on different state boards solutions in split seconds.

Guys who are planning to learn the fundamentals of English can avail the handy study material Bihar Board Class 10 English Reader Solutions Grammar Tenses Questions and Answers here. Refer to the Bihar Board English Solutions for Class 10 PDF available and score better grades. Simply click on the quick links available for Bihar Board Class 10 English Book Solutions and prepare all the concepts in it effectively. Take your preparation to the next level by availing the Bihar Board Class 10 English Book Solutions Grammar Tenses prepared by subject experts.

Bihar Board Class 10 English Grammar Tenses

Past Tense
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of given Verbs
1. Past Indefinite Tense (V₂)
Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है-
(a) भूतकाल में पूरी हुई किसी क्रिया के लिए :

1. We learnt English at school.
2. He killed a snake..
3. My father taught in this school.

(b) भूतकाल के सम्बन्ध में किसी आदत, अथवा प्रायः होने वाली क्रिया के लिए :

1. He came to me every evening.
2. He never told a lie.
3. I always spoke the truth.

2. Past Continuous Tense (was/were V₁-ing)
Past Progressive Tense का प्रयोग तब किया जाता है जब कोई क्रिया भूतकाल में किसी निश्चित समय पर अथवा किसी निश्चित अवधि के दौरान चल रही हो।

1. He was writing a letter when I saw him.
2. I was reading a novel yesterday afternoon.

Past Progressive तथा Simple Past के अन्तर को अच्छी प्रकार से समझ लेना चाहिए।
Simple Past Tense – भूतकाल में पूरी हो चुकी क्रिया के लिए।
Past Progressive Tense – भूतकाल में जारी रही क्रिया के लिए।
Past Progressive का प्रयोग उस स्थिति में किया जाता है जब हमारी मुख्य रुचि क्रिया के समय में न हो, अपितु क्रिया के जारी रहने में हो।
क्रिया के पूरे होने में हमारी रुचि कम होती है और क्रिया के जारी रहने की स्थिति पर अधिक बल होता है। यदि हमारो रुचि क्रिया के पूरा होने में हो तो Simple Past का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

3. Past Perfect Tense (had + V₃)
Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है :
(a) ऐसी क्रिया के लिए जो भूतकाल में किसी निश्चित समय (moment) से पहले, या किसी निश्चित समय तक पूरी हो चुकी हो।

1. The patient had died before the doctor came.
2. I had finished my work by evening.

(b) किसी असन्तुष्ट इच्छा को प्रकट करने के लिए।

1. I wish my father had been here at this time.
2. I wish I had worked harder.

(c) Present Perfect अथवा Simple Past वाले किसी वाक्य को Direct कथन से Indirect कथन में बदलने के लिए भी इस Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

1. He said, “The train arrived late.” (Simple Past)
   He said that the train had arrived late. (Past Perfect)
2. He said, “I have left my parents.” (Present Perfect)
   He said that he had left his parents. (Past Perfect)

(d) यदि किसी वाक्य में भूतकाल में घटित दो घटनाओं का वर्णन हो, तो उनमें से जो घटना पहले घटी हो, उसके लिए Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है, और जो घटना अपेक्षाकृत रूप से बाद में घटी हो, तो उसके लिए Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है
Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग तभी किया जाना चाहिए यदि भूतकाल में होने वाली कोई क्रिया किसी अन्य क्रिया की अपेक्षा पहले पूरी होने का भाव रखती हो।
(Past Perfect Tense is never used except to show the priority of one past event to another)

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (had + been + V₁-ing)
Past Perfect Continuous Tense का प्रयोग तब किया जाता है यदि कोई क्रिया भूतकाल में आरम्भ होकर भूतकाल में ही किसी निश्चित समय पर चल रही हो. जैसे-
When I reached there at 2 p.m., he had been waiting for me since 1.30 p.m.

Important Questions solved

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs given in brackets.

Question 1.

1. I _________ him last year. (See)
2. The train __________ before we reached the station. (leave)
3. He ________ to school by bus. (go)
4. They __________ here for five years. (live)

Answer:

1. I saw him last year.
2. The train had left before we reached the station.
3. He goes to school by bus.
4. They have been living here for five years.

Question 2.

1. The sun _________ in the east. (rise)
2. He _________ to school every day. (go)
3. I wish I ________ a good man. (was)
4. He _________ the poor yesterday. (feed)

Answer:

1. The sun rises in the east.
2. He went to school yesterday.
3. I wish I were a good man.
4. He fed the poor yesterday.

Question 3.

1. Have you _______ him? (See)
2. He ________ the school before the bell rang. (reach)
3. They were _________ Out an hour ago. (see)
4. We __________ a film last night (see)

Answer:

1. Have you seen him?
2. He had reached the school before the bell rang.
3. They were seen out an hour ago.
4. We saw a film last night.

Question 4.

1. We have not ________ him for a year. (see)
2. Who _________ my book? (steal)
3. My brother __________ home a week ago. (go)
4. The price of mangoes __________ gone up. (has)

Answer:

1. We have not seen him for a year.
2. Who has stolen my book?
3. My brother went home a week ago.
4. The price of mangoes has gone up.

Question 5.

1. While we worked, they _______ (play)
2. I _______ working there. (has)
3. She __________ here since 1989. (live)
4. The sun _________ when we went out. (shine)

Answer:

1. While we worked, they played.
2. I have been working there.
3. She has been living here since 1989.
4. The sun was shining when we went out.

Question 6.

1. He _______ for Patna next week. (leave)
2. It ________ since last night. (rain)
3. The price of things ________ up. (go)
4. She did not ________ a letter. (write)

Answer:

1. He is leaving for Patna next week.
2. It has been raining since last night.
3. The price of things has gone up.
4. She did not write a letter.

Question 7.
Fill in the blanks with correct Tense of the verbs given in brackets.

1. Columbus ______ America (discover)
2. The cinema show _________ when I reached the hall. (start)
3. After he met with an accident he ________ to a hospital. (take)
4. The old lady _______ the Gita when the guests arrived. (read)

Answer:

1. Columbus discovered America.
2. The cinema show had started when I reached the hall.
3. After he met with an accident he was taken to a hospital.
4. The old lady was reading the Gita when the guests arrived.

We wish the knowledge shared regarding Bihar Board Solutions for Class 10 English Grammar Tenses Questions and Answers has been helpful to you. If you need any further help feel free to ask us and we will get back to you with the possible solution. Bookmark our site to avail the latest updates on different state boards solutions in split seconds.