Priyanshu

Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 Book 50 Marks Solutions  Forgetting Questions and Answers as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapter wise Bihar Board Class 11th English Book Solutions and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

BSEB Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Chapter 5 Forgetting

Kick start your preparation by using our online resource Bihar Board Class 11 English Solutions. You can even download the Bihar Board Board Solutions for Class 11 Forgetting Questions and Answers in Prison free of cost through the direct links available on our page. Clear your queries and understand the concept behind them in a simple manner. Simply tap on the concept you wish to prepare in the chapter and go through it.

Bihar Board Class 12 English Forgetting Text Book Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Make a list of things which you yourself often forge to do ?
Answer:
I, Myself often foret many things to do here. I am giving list of it.

(a) In posting a letter in a letter box.
(b) At the time of wearing clothes I forget to wear my tie.
(c) I forget to take my things when I travel in a bus or train.
(d) Somethig I forget to take my pencils or pen when I got to school.
(e) I also forget to wear my vest to take umbrealla etc.

Question 2.
Why do some people not remember to take medicines ?
Answer:
People do not remember to take medicines because they wish to forget them it may be that it is because of their dislike for pills of medicines.

Question 3.
What according to the author, is the commonest form of forget fulness ?
Answer:
The commonest form of forgetfulness according to the author occurance in posting letter. It is so common that the author has in relanbon a departing vision.

Question 4.
Why does the author not carry an umbrella ?
Answer:
The author does not carry umbrealla for fear of losting it.

Question 5.
What suggests that sports men have poor memories ?
Answer:
Sportsmen have poor memories. They always forget to take balls and bats, when they travel in trains. They are in the vision of playing fields. Their heads are among the stars & their hearts are in their boots. They often forget to take personal things.

Question 6.
Why does the author says that absent mindedness may be a virtue?
Answer:
The author says that the people often forget because their minds are filled with glorious things. The absent minded men is often a man who is making the best of life & therefore has in time to remember the personal things. So the author says that absent mindedness may be a virtue.

Question 7.
Does the author think that poets need good memories ?
Answer:
Yes, the author thinks that poets need good memories minded are half the substance of their art. So they need good memories.

Question 8.
What does the author say about statemen’s memories ?
Answer:
The author says that statesmen have extraordinary bad memories. When two or three statesment get opportunity to deliver a speech in a public meeting each of them tell us that the other story is inacquarate.

Question 9.
What did the woman in the story expect her husband to say when the returned ?
Answer:
When her husband returned she expected to say that she thought him a lesson. She somethings cheerfully asked. “Well my Dear, what is for lunch to clay. She again asked, why she forget the baby & the children.

Question 10.
Are most people absent minded ?
Answer:
Yes, most people are absent minded. We bom with pusaically efficient memories. If it were not so, the instalution of the family could not live in any great modem city.

Grammetical Questions

Question.
Use the following prepositions once only in the sentences below. The extract will help you.
in, as, for, of, on, at
(a) He was astonished ………….. the size of the fish.
(b) They sat on a heard bench ………….. six hours.
(c) She has a great interest ………….. facts and figures.
(d) ………….. a rule I remember of post my letters.
(e) Most of us are capable ………….. remembering hundreds of things.
(f) I cannot rely ………….. my memory for names.
Answer:
(a) at
(b) for
(c) in
(d) As
(e) for
(f) on.

Question 2.
In the following sentences certain words or phrases are in italics. Use words or phrases from this extract in their place so as to give the same meaning (refer to para 1-5 only).

(a) The were amazed at the speed of his horse.
(b) Is fresh cheese obtainable in the market there days ?
(c) He rarely forgets the names of his customers.
(d) This picture will be a means of remembering your visit.
(e) That street is full of shopkeepers selling medicines.
(f) Do you think we can trust that porter ?
(g) The thief was forced to turn his pockets put.
(h) What was the reason for his behaviour last night ?
(i) There was a hole in her handbag and several things had dropped out.
(j) Children should be accompanied by at least one ground up person.
Answer:
(a) They were amazed at the speed of his horse.
(b) Is fresh cheese obtainable in the market these days ?
(c) He rarely forgets the names of his customers.
(d) This picture will be a means of remembering your visit.
(e) That street is full of shopkeepers selling medicines.
(f) Do you think we can trust that porter ?
(g) The thief was forces to turn his pockets out.
(h) What was the reason for his behaviour last night ?
(i) There was a hole in her handbag and several things had dropped out.
(j) Children should be accompanied by at least one ground up person.

Question 3.
use the following words once only in the sentence below:
achieve, prescribe, citizen, circumstances, exceptional, imaginative, provincial, reluctant, anticipate, destination.

(a) What did the ………… Nothing. He came away empty-handed.
(b) She was to talk about the of her brother’s death, so I didn’t ask her again.
(c) I …………… a rise in wheat prices in the next few days.
(d) The Central Government has certain powers over the ………….. governments.
(e) The weather has been ………….. for May : very cool and cloudy.
(f) On his passport it says he is a ………….. of India.
(g) The doctor may ……………… penicillin for your bad throat.
(h) We shall reach our …………………. at seven tomorrow morning.
(i) He is a very ………………. cook he often prepares unusual dishes.
Answer:
(a) achieve
(b) imaginative; anticipate
(c) reluctant
(d) provincial
(e) circumstance
(f) citizen
(g) prescribe
(h) destination
(i) exceptional

Forgetting Word Meanings

Article = सामान, सामग्री । publish= प्रकाशित करना | astonished = आश्चर्यचकित । absent-minded = भुलक्कड़ । fellow = साथी । statistical records = सांख्यिकीय, विवरण | efficiency = कार्य-पटुता | compel= बाध्य करना । appointment = मिलने का पूर्व निश्चित समय । long-past = बहुत दिन पहले का । provincial = प्रांतीय । vile = अत्यन्त बुरा । item = वस्तु । scarcely = hardly, admit = स्वीकार करना । perfection = श्रेष्ठता | methodical = नियमानुसार चलने वाला । prescribe = (दवा) लिखना । unwilingly = अनिच्छिापूर्वक । cure-all = हर मर्ज की एक ही दवा, रामवाण । delight = आनन्द देना I stuff = सामना । swallow = निगलना । make their fortunes = अपना भाग्य बना लेते हैं (अर्थात् बेहिसाब कमा लेते हैं) । occur = घटित होना । post = डाक में डालना । relunctant = अनिच्छुक | trust = विश्वास करना | departing visitor = जानेवाला आगन्तुक । weary = थका हुआ । chain of circumstances = घटनाक्रम । embarrass = घबरा देना | umbrella = छाता । achieve = प्राप्त करना ।

property = सम्पत्ति, सामान | destination = गंतव्य । hearts in their boots = उबाऊ, साधारण । dreamland = स्वप्नलोक । angler = मछली (बंसी में) मारने वाला I fishing-rod = मछली मारने की बंसी | magnificent = शानदार, भव्य । behaviour = व्यवहार । reality = वास्तविकता | daydream = दिवास्वप्न देखना । feat = exploit = बड़ा काम | glorious = शानदार । virtue = गुण | Possession = रखना । desirable = वांछनीय । fallible= त्रुटिपूर्ण । superiority = उच्चता, प्रवरता । quote = उद्धृत करना । marvellous = शानदार । intellect = बुद्धि । exceptional = अपवादात्मक, असाधारण | substance = सामग्री, वस्तु 1 statesman = कूटनीतिज्ञ | extraordinarily = असाधारण रूप से । inaccurate = गलत | tempt = लालच दिलाना । sunny = खुली धूप वाला । pause = ठहरना । slip = चुपके से घुस जाना । horror = भय । wheeled away = लुढ़का कर ले गई । terror = भय । anticipate = पूर्वानुमान करना । quickering lips = काँपते हुए होंठ। annoyed = खींझा हुआ । rank = श्रेणी । capable = समक्ष | intitution = संस्था ।

Forgetting Summary in Hindi

Robert Lynd अंग्रेजी में आधुनिक युग के अत्यन्त आनन्ददायक एवं प्रभावशाली निबंधकारों में एक है। निश्चय ही उसकी गणना आधुनिक गद्य के सफलतम लेखकों में की जा सकती है । उसने अपने साहित्यिक जीवन का प्रारम्भ एक अखबार के संपादन से किया था एवं अपने.समय के पत्र-पत्रिकाओं में भी वह लेख लिखा करता था । उसके निबंध सामान्यत: चार्ल्स लैम्ब (प्रसिद्ध अंग्रेजी निबन्धकार) की परम्परा में लिखे होते थे-अंतरंग, नगण्य, विषयों पर, यद्यपि उनमें करना और आकर्षण का एक खासपुट होता था ।

इस आह्लादक निबन्ध का विषय है मानव स्मरणशक्ति की प्रकृति एवं उसकी विचित्रताएँ । लिण्ड के ये विचार एक अखबार में प्रकाशित रेल-यात्रियों के खोये सामानों की सूचियों से प्रेरित हुए हैं । मानव स्मरणशक्ति की कुशलता सचमुच विस्मयकारी है, किन्तु बहुधा यह असफल हो जाती है जिससे तरह-तरह की समस्याएँ उत्पन्न हो जाती हैं। यदि स्मरणशक्ति बहुत अच्छी है तो इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं लगाया जा सकता है कि यह एक प्रखर बुद्धि का द्योतक है। हालांकि संगीत या साहित्य के सभी महारथियों में असाधारण स्मरणशक्ति के प्रमाण मिलते हैं।

लिण्ड अपना निबंध इस स्थापना से प्रारम्भ करता है कि उसके लिए अधिक आश्चर्यजनक है मनुष्य की स्मरणशक्ति की कुशलता न कि उसकी अकुशलता । अखबार में प्रकाशित खोये हुए सामानों की सूची में ऐसा लगा कि कुछ रेल यात्री अपना सामान भूल गये होंगे। किन्तु इस तरह का भुलक्कड़पन बहुत सामान्य हो, ऐसी बात नहीं है । साधारणतया तो टेलीफोन नम्बरों, पतों, भेंट-मुलाकात के पूर्व-निश्चित समयों आदि के मामले में लोगों की याददाश्त बहुत ही अच्छी होती है । फिर भी समय पर दवा खाने आदि जैसे कुछ मामलों में मानव स्मरणशक्ति बहुत अच्छी नहीं होती । मनोवैज्ञानिक तो हमें यह बताते हैं कि हम उन्हीं चीजों को भूलते हैं जो हमें नापसंद होती है । लेकिन कुछ और मामलों में भी अक्सर स्मरणशक्ति काम नहीं करती । उदाहरणार्थ-चिट्ठियाँ छोड़ना या किताबों, घड़ियों जैसी चीजों को ट्रेन या टैक्सी में छोड़ देना । फिर भी अधिकतर लोग सफर में अपनी चीजों के बारे में काफी सतर्कता बरतते हैं । अक्सर स्मरणशक्ति की ऐसी भूलें पुराने लोगों की तुलना में नई उम्र के लोग ही अधिक करते हैं। शायद इसका कारण यही है कि वे बराबर अपने विचारों और दिवास्वपनों में खोये रहते हैं । लिण्ड के विचार से इस तरह – का भुलक्कड़पन कोई दोष नहीं, बल्कि एक गुण ही है-जब हम रूमानी चीजों के ख्यालों में खोये रहते हैं तो नीरस चीजें बिल्कुल भूल जाते हैं।

इसी प्रकार के तर्कों के आधार पर कुछ कमजोर स्मरणशक्ति वाले लोग भी अपनी श्रेष्ठता का दावा पेश करते हैं । असाधारण स्मरणशक्ति वाले लोगों में संभव है अत्यधिक बुद्धिमत्ता न हो । हालांकि महान लेखकों, संगीतशास्त्रियों एवं कलाकारों में उत्कृष्ट स्मरणशक्ति पाई जाती है। फिर भी सामान्य जन में भी अच्छी स्मणशक्ति होती ही है और जिनमें नहीं होती वे उसी प्रकार के अपवाद होते हैं जैसा वह पिता था जो अपने बच्चे को उसकी गाड़ी में घुमाने ले गया और (बच्चे को बाहर छोड़कर) एक शराबखाने में बियर पीने के लिए घुसा और बाद में बच्चे और उसकी गाड़ी को वहीं छोड़कर घर लौट आया-स्तम्भित पत्नी के पास । अन्त में लिण्ड कहता है कि सौभाग्य से हममें से अधिकांश लोगों में कामचलाऊ कुशलता वाली स्मरणशक्ति होती है नहीं तो हमारा पारिवारिक जीवन नष्ट ही हो जाता ।

लिण्ड ने जीवन के एक अति-साधारण तथ्य-लोगों के भुलक्कड़ के आधार पर एक आश्चर्यजनक निबन्ध की रचना की है । लिण्ड के विषय सामान्यतः ऐसे ही अति-साधारण हुआ करते हैं-दैनन्दिन जीवन के कुछ अति-सामान्य तथ्य । लेकिन उन्हीं में से वह कुछ असाधारण निष्कर्ष निकाल लेता है; और वह भी एक अत्यन्त सरल एवं सीधी-सादी शैली में । जैसी एक समीक्षक की अत्यन्त सटीक उक्ति है-“प्रारम्भ में ही लिण्ड के विचार उभरने लगते हैं पाठक का ध्यान बंध जाता है; तर्क तुरंत विकसित होता है और निकष्कर्ष शीघ्र निकल आता है ।

Forgetting Summary in English

Robert Lynd is one of the most delightful as well as illuminating essayists of the modem period. He certainly deserves to be classed among the “Modem Masters” of prose. He began his literary earner by editing a newspaper and writing articles in the journals of his day. His eassys were generally in the Lamb tradition-intimate inconsequential, but with an artistry and charm all their own.

The nature and vagaries of human memory is the theme of this delightful essay. The reflections are occasioned by a list of lost articles by railway traveller published in a newspaper. The efficiency of the human memory is truly wonderful but quite often it fails had creates problems. A very good memory does not necessarily mean a great intellect though all great geniuses in music or literature have exceptional memoris.

Lynd begins this essay with the observation that it is the efficiency of human memory rather than its inefficiency that compels wonder in him. Some railway travellers might have forgotten about their baggage as the list of lost articles published in the newspaper showed. But such absent-mindednessis not a very common thing. Generally people have very good memories for telephone numbers, addresses, appointments, and so on. In ordinary life people remember everything that they need to remember.

But even so human memory performs poorly in certain matters like taking medicines on time. The psychologists would tell us that we tend to forget things we do not like. There are certain other areas also where memory fails oftener. For example, posting letters, or, leaving articles like books or walking-sticks or umbreallas in trains and taxis. Yet most people are quite careful about their belongings as they trvel. Often it is the younger people ratehr than the older ones who suffer from such lapses of memory. Perhaps they remain too much engrossed in their thoughts and daydreams. Lynd thinks that forgetfulness of this kinds is rather a virtue than a vice-when we forget the prosaic for the romantic.

It is on similar grounds that men with fallible memories have tried to make a case for their superiority. Men with exceptional memories may not be possessing great intellect. Thought generally great writers, composers and artists have excellent memories.

Lynd has created a wonderful essay out of a very ordinary-looking fact of life : the absent-mindedness in people. Lynd’s themes are generally trivial looking-ordinary day-to-day facts of life. But he draws profound conclusions from them and in a manner that is utterly simple and straight forward. As one critic has very aptly observed-The point is apparent at the outset; the reader immediately intrigued; the argument swiftly developed; the conclusion short”.

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Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 Book 50 Marks Solutions Poem 4 The Lake Isle of Innisfree Questions and Answers as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapter wise Bihar Board Class 11th English Book Solutions and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

BSEB Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Poem 4 The Lake Isle of Innisfree

Kick start your preparation by using our online resource Bihar Board Class 11 English Solutions. You can even download the Bihar Board Board Solutions for Class 11 Poem 4 The Lake Isle of Innisfree Questions and Answers in Prison free of cost through the direct links available on our page. Clear your queries and understand the concept behind them in a simple manner. Simply tap on the concept you wish to prepare in the chapter and go through it.

Bihar Board 12th English The Lake Isle of Innisfree Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who wrote this poem, “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” ?
Answer:
W. B. Yeats wrote the poem, “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”.

Question 2.
Write the full name of W. B. Yeats.
Answer:
The full name of W. B. Yeats is William Butter Yeats.

Question 3.
When was the poet born ?
Answer:
The peot was born in 1865.

Question 4.
When did the poet passaway ?
Answer:
The poet passed away in 1939.

Question 5.
Who is the “I” in this poem?
Answer:
The poet, W. B. Yeats himself, is the “I” in this poem.

Question 6.
What does the poet hear night and day ?
Answer:
The poet, W. B. Yeats, hears all the time the, “lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore”. The sound attract the poet.

Question 7.
Who says “I will arise and go now” ?
Answer:
The poet himself says, “I will arise and go now”.

Question 8.
What is Innisfree ? Where is it ?
Answer:
Innisfree was a small lake Island with very fine natural scene and scenery. It was an actual place of Ireland. The poet knew this place and he liked it. He-has spent sometime there.

Question 9.
What does the poet say about “peace” in this poem ?
Answer:
Actually the poet enjoys the beauty of Nature. He hopes to get some peace on the Island of Innisfree. He knows that “peace comes dropping slow” “from the veils of the morning” to the place “where the cricket sings”.

Question 10.
What did the poet intend to do there ?
Answer:
The poet, intended to build a small cabin there of clay and wattles.

Question 11.
What does the poet say about the beauty of the small island of innisfree ?
Answer:
The poet, W. B. Yeats, says that the Island of Innisfree is very beautiful. It presents a very attractive sight. The midnight is “all a glimmer and the noon is a ‘purple glow’ there. There morning is very peaceful and the evening is very pleasant. As a matter of fact the island of Innisfree is fully of beauty and charm.

Question 12.
Give a constractive picture of the island of Innisfree and the city where the poet at present lives.
Answer:
The poet at present lives in a town. He does not like this town greatly as the roadways and the pavements are very dull and rough. On the other hand he finds the Island for Innisfree very charming, attractive and fascinating. On the Island he finds the ‘lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore all the time, that is ‘night and day’

Question 13.
Show that you have read and understood the poem “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”.
Or, Show your acquaintance with the poem “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”.
Or, Critically appreciate the poem “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”.
Answer:
“The lake Isle of Innisfree” is a beautiful poem of peace and beauty composed by W. B. Yeats, an eminent poet of our century.

The poet is drawn to the specific beauty of the small island of Innisfree. Actually the poet had once stayed in the island for some time since then he bore a passion for the place. Its natural scenes and sights were quite attractive. He wants to go to Innisfree and build a small cabine with clay and sticks. He will live there all alone. He longs to see nine rows of bean, a bee-hive. There he will enjoy the soft humming music of bees as long as he likes. He will have there solitude.

The poet will get peace and tranquility there. In the second stanza of the poem the poet tries to make abstract concrete. He visualises peace dropping from the veils of the morning like dew drops, cricket sings but that does not spoil the peaceful atmosphere of the morning hours on the contrary perpetuates it. The poet wants to go to Innisfree because there midnight’s all a glimmer and noon a purple glow. He can also enjoy its evening which presents a beautiful sight when the linnets fly in the sky.

The most attractive features of the island is its lake which produces lapping souond when its water touches its shore. It is a continuous process. Hence even if the is far away from it, he hears its soothing music on the roadweay, or on the pavements grey’.

Thus Innisfree, as the poet has painted it, is a small, quiet beautiful place. It can be contrasted with Hardy’s Lyonnesse which is no particular place and may be anywhere. This poem can be compared also with Lyonesse on symbolical level. As Lyonesse is a symbol for Hardy, Innisfree is for yeats, Lyonesse symbolies adventure and romance where as Innisfree stands for peace and simple joys of nature. In the former the thrill one gets is of an unknown and strange place, in the latter it is of the known and familiar place the place which the poet is so food of. Hence Innisfree stands for all such places where our imagination can land us.

The last two lines of the poem remind us of Wordsworthian technique of ending. Some of the typical poems, Wordsworth in his poem “To The Cuckoo” longs to hear, its sweet music. His last but one stanza reads.

And I can listen to thee yet,
Can lie upon the plain
And listen, till I do beget,
That golden time again.

In “Daffodils” we get more befittins comparison. Let us look at.

For often, when on my couch I lie I vacant or in pensive mood. They flash upon that inward eye which is the bliss of solitude.”

And now the last three lines of “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” by the shores; I hear lake water lapping with low sounds while I stayed on the roadway, or on the pavements grey I hear it in the deep heart’s core.

The words used in the poem are simple but meaningful the lines are highly musical. The rhyme scheme in the poem is as followes abab, cded, ef. Thus it is a successful poem.

The Lake Isle of Innisfree Word Meanings

Cabin = छोटा-सा घर । clay = कीचड़ । honeybee = मधुमक्खी । bee-loud glade-a clear open space in the forest which is a full of the noise of bees = मधुमक्खियों की भनभनाहट का स्थान | veil-usually refers to a covering of fine net or, other material to protect or hide a woman’s face = बुर्का | linnet-a small, brown song-bird. It is common in Europe = छोटी चिड़िया |

The Lake Isle of Innisfree Paraphrase

1. will arise ………….. bee land glade.

The poet makes up his mind to go to Innisfree a small lake island in Ireland. On reaching there he will construct a small rough house of clay and sticks. Actually the poet had spent some of his time at Innisfree. He had become quite fond of the place. He vividly remembers some distinguishing features of the place, for instance. Nine bean rows, a bee hive etc. So when he goes to Innisfree, the poet is sure to find nine beanrows,. a bee hive and the clear open space in the forest full of the noise of bees. There he will get solitude and enjoy natural scence and sights.

2. And I shall have ………….. linnet’s wings.

The poet will enjoy peace and tranquility when he reaches Innisfree. He imagines as if peace comes there dropping slow. As the morning is not fully lighted because of mists etc., the poet imagines as if the morning is having a veil, where peace drops as dew drops drop in the morning. If there is any thing to break silence, it is cricket which produces its shrilling music. He longs to go to the island because there he will get peace in the morning bright day, evening full of the music of linnets and midnight with its faint and soothing light.

3. I will arise ………….. hearts core.

But most attractive features of the island of Innisfree is its beautiful lake. He will go there and hear the lapping sound of the gentle waves rising and falling by the bank of the lake. The sound of the lake water is so sweet to his ears that even when he is far away from the island, on the roadway or on the side-walk, he hears it distinctly. The music penetrates his heart. Hence the longing for going to and staying in the island.

The Lake Isle of Innisfree About the Poet

W. B. Yeats was Irish poet and dramatist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1923. He admired and collected old Irish folk tales and legend. Inspired by the heroes, the romance, and the magic of these legends, he often scattered parts of many legends into a single poem. His best known collections from his period are, ‘The Tower’ (1928) and ‘The Winding Stair’ (1929). This poem is a revised version of Yeat’s earlier poem “The Old Pensioner” (1890).

The Lake Isle of Innisfree Summary in Hindi

अब मैं अवश्य उलूंगा और आइनिसफ्री जाऊँगा । वहाँ मैं चिकनी मिट्टी और टट्टर (wattles) से एक कुटिया बनाऊँगा । उस कुटिया में मैं सेम पौधों (bean) की रहस्यमयी नौ कतारों और मधुमक्खियों के भिनभिनाने के संगीतमय स्थान में अकेला रहूँगा। वहाँ मुझे शान्ति मिलेगी। – वहाँ मुझे शान्ति मिलेगी क्योंकि वहाँ जहाँ झींगुर गाता रहता है उषा के पूंघट से शान्ति

धीरे-धीरे उतरती आती है, वहाँ अर्द्ध रात्रि में प्रकाश की झलक रहती है, दोपहर में धूप चमकती रहती है और साँझ की बेला में लिनेट चिड़िया अपने पंख फड़फड़ाती रहती है । इस तरह कवि अपनी भावनाओं को लोगों के सामने स्पष्ट करते हैं कि सामाजिक द्वेष, संघर्ष और स्वार्थ में शान्ति नहीं खोजा जा सकता है, शान्ति तो सिर्फ प्रकृति की गोद में तथा स्वप्नों की दुनिया में मौजूद होती है।

अब तो मैं वहाँ जाऊँगा ही, क्योंकि मैं दिन-रात आइनिसफ्री झील के तट पर पानी की छपछपाहट की धीमी आवाज सुनता रहता हूँ। चाहे मैं सड़क पर या धूी-धूसरित फुटफाथ पर खड़ा रहूँ, हमेशा ही दिन-रात मैं आइनिसफ्री झील के पानी की छपछपाहट का संगी अपने हृदय की गहराइयों में सुनता रहता हूँ।

The Lake Isle of Innisfree Summary in English

Innisfree is a small Island in Ireland, W. B. Yeats had stayed in the island of Innisfree for some time. He enjoyed the natural beauty of the place during his stay there. Here the poet shows his love and admiration for the place. He wants to go to and live in the island of Innisfree. If he peaches there, he will construct a small cabin of clay and sticks and live there in solitude. He will have there nine rows of bean there. He will also be able to see the behieve and enjoy the humming tune from the bees in the open space of the local forest.

The poet wants to go the lake island for peace. He imagines as if peace dropping form the veils of the morning in the same way as dew drops drop. There is silence all around except the sound of the cricket. The island is full of natural beauty. One can find peace and tranquility during the morning hours. One may enjoy bright noon, linnets sweet music during even hours and faint and soothing light at midnight.

The poet in the last stanza explains why he prefers to stay in Innisfree. He seems to hate the noisy atmosphere of the town area. The lapping sound of the lake water seems to call him to Innisfree. Even when he is standing on the road or on the pavements he seems to hear the soft music of the small waves of the lake rising and falling.

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Bihar Board Class 11 English Letter and Application Writing

Kinds of Letters: There are four kinds of letters
1. Private letters-They are written to relatives and friends.
2. Business letters-They are written to merchants or films in connection with the business.
3. Official letters-They are written by one official to another in an official capacity.
4. Applications-They is written for various purposes, e.g., for the job, for grant of leave, etc.

Question 1.
You are Hemant/Himakshi. Write a letter to the editor of ‘National Herald’, New Delhi expressing your anguish over the problems faced by people due to illicit liquor and the deadly chemicals like Anthrax.
Answer:

B/24, Prithvi Raj Road,
New Delhi
March 3,20.

The Editor
National Herald, New Delhi

I Subject: Problems caused by illicit liquor
Sir,
I take this opportunity to express my deep concern and anguish over the problems caused by illicit liquor and deadly weapons like Anthrax. The news of the death of 70 people in Andhra by consuming Tawdy’ and 1 pouch liquor was really disturbing. It is really callous that certain people, in order to make a few fast bucks can play with the lives of other people. It was learnt that the pouch liquor consumed by the people in Andhra was prepared with a methylated spirit-a poisonous substance. Surely, the law dealing with such crimes is inadequate and more teeth should be provided to deal with .such crimes. The punishment should be exemplary so as to have a deterrent effect Similarly, the scare caused among public regarding chemical weapons like Anthrax is of alarming nature. The vulnerable people are being exposed to the threat of such deadly weapons by the extremists. The Govt. Should crackdown on the source of such chemicals that can have widespread damage in the public.

Yours faithfully
Nishant

Question 2.
Write a letter to the Editor of the magazine ‘Expressions’, New Delhi on the deterioration in the standard of living in your city. Give suggestions for improvement Sign yourself as PMR.
Answer:

F104/2, Mira Road, New Delhi
February 16,20
The Editor Expressions

Subject: Regarding deterioration in the standard of living

Sir,

Through the columns of your esteemed magazine, I want to express my concerns over the deterioration in living standard in Sonipat. The city is crying for civic amenities like an efficient sewage system which seems to crumble particularly during the rainy season. The street lighting is pathetic. Potholes have appeared in all the major roads and need immediate attention.

Then ATM facilities are required in the banks. To start with, at least three ATM centers be opened at Subhash Chowk, Hindu College, and Sec-14 Community center. Online Railway Reservation Facilities need to be provided here. Bill collection facilities for electricity and telephone bills should be given in leading banks as well. It will ease the mad-rush at the collection points.

Then Super Bazars are the primary needs today. To provide perfect competition, leading stores should be encouraged to open their outlet in their chain of superstores. All these things will go a long way in improving the living standard in our city and give a face-lift to it also.

Yours truly
PMR

Question 3.
Write a letter to the editor of the Times of India, complaining about the noise pollution in your locality drawing the attention of the Government to take steps to check the same Sign as Gaurav/Gauri, Janta Nagar, Ahmedabad.
Answer.

628/26, Janata Nagar
Ahmedabad
February 19,20

The Editor
The Times of India
New Delhi

Subject: Regarding noise pollution
Sir,
I wish to draw the attention of the concerned authorities towards the 1 noise pollution in our locality through the columns of your esteemed daily. Noise pollution seems to have raining decibels in our locality. Big loudspeakers are blaring noise throughout the day. It is not that the noise decibels rise only during the day. Holy noise from the loudspeakers atop the religious places starts early in the morning. Children getting up early to: concentrate on studies find it very frustrating to find so much of distracting I music drumming into their ears. Then the ‘Jaagrans’ held through out the night are another source of noise pollution. More so, incessant use of pressure horns even in silence zones like hospitals is very disturbing for old land sick persons. People seem to have thrown all the norms to winds and are openly flouting the rules. The Govt, needs to curb such things by taking punitive. I hope you will give proper space to these ideas in your daily.

Yours faithfully
Arundhati

Question 4.
Write a letter to the Editor of the ‘Indian Express’, New Delhi complaining about the frequent breakdown in the supply of electricity in your locality. (Tilak Avenue). Sign yourself as PMR.
Answer:
G-37 Tilak Avenue
Ambala
March 10,20………..
The Editor

Indian Express, New Delhi

Subject: Regarding frequent break down of electricity supply

Sir,

I wish to draw the attention of the concerned authorities towards the frequent breakdown of electricity supply in our locality.

The electric supply^ias been far from satisfactory for for quite some weeks now. The blame Ts put on the transformers which are old ones and far too small in their capacity. It results into frequent tripping and the fuses burning out. The people manning the complaint centres are rude and indifferent to the problems faced by people. It takes hours to get even minor faults attended to.

Then, there is too frequent and unannounced load shedding in our area. Ours is not a power theft prone area and should be not on The priority when the load shedding is required. But surprisingly, our locality has to bear the brunt all the time.

The add to the woes of people, the voltage situation is also very gloomy. It causes heavy loss to the electrical gadgets and some of the are rendered non-working due to poor voltage. Ban on the use of air-conditioners during peak hours should be strictly enforced to improve the power situation.

Yours truly
AMR

Question 5.
You are Amrit/Amritha of Bangalore. You are disturbed at the nonavailability of essential commodities in the Fair Price Shops of your area. Write a letter to the Editor of ‘The Hindu’ drawing the attention of the authorities to the irregularities in the Fair Price Shops. (Word limit 150 words)
Answer:
B-49, Gulab Bagh
Bangalore
March 23,20 ……….
The Editor
The Hindu, New Delhi

Subject: Regarding non-availability of essential items in Fair Price Shops

Sir,

I wish to draw the attention of the concerned authorities towards the nonavailability of essential commodities in the Fair Price Shops in Bangalore.

Life seems to be getting harder and harder for the common man. It is the prime duty of the govt, to ensure that essential commodities like rice, sugar, candles, etc. are available in the Fair Price Shops. But they seem to be performing the vanishing act the moment they appear. Price Shops. But they seem to be performing the vanishing act the moment they appear. ‘Stocks are over’, this is the sign that always welcomes wrong with the distribution system. May be the hoarders and black-marketeers are hand in glove with high-ups in the Govt.

Buying these commodities from the open market makes holes in the pocket of the budget people. It would be heaving sigh of relief for the already burdened common man if the govt, ensured enough supply of essential commodities.

Yours truly
Raman

Question 6.
In a letter to your father, Inform him of your success at the Test Examination and your preparation for the Final Examination.
Answer:

Govinda Mitra Raod,
Patna-4
5th December, 20………….

My dear Father,

Here is a happy pieces of news for you. You will be glad to know that I secured the first position in my class at the Test Examination.

My Final Examination will begin from the 9th March 2009.1 have got a lot of time for my preparation for the Final Examination. I want to use my time properly. I have already read my textbooks thoroughly. Now I am preparing some model questions in each subject. I have made a time-table for my studies. I am preparing each subject well. I devote enough time to writing-work. I hope that I shall finish my preparation by the end of January. Then I will revise my textbooks.

My teachers expect me to secure a good position at the Final Examination. I hope that I shall come up to their expectations.

Please convey my best regards to Mother.

Yours affectionately,
Ravi

Address- Shri Binod Kumar Sharma,
Statin Road,
Darbhanga.

Question 7.
Write a letter to your friend congratulating him on his success in examination.
Answer:

Ashok Road,
Gaya,
June 15, 200…

My dear Rajiv,

I have just heard of your brilliant success in the Senior Secondary School Examination. Accept my heartiest congratulations on your success.

You have achieved a rare distinction. It is not an essay job to secure the first position. I was sure you must achieve this distinction. Your regular and patient labour has been crowned with success. You have brought glory not only to yourself but to all your friends. Your grand success gives me inspiration. I hope your will achieve similar distinction in future.

When will you arrange a dinner to celebrate your brilliant success ? Don’t forget to invite me to the dinner.

With best wishes.

Yours sincerely,
Rina

Question 8.
Your friend is ill. Write a letter of cheers to him.
Answer:

Golakpur,
Patna-6
January 16, 20…

My dear Suresh,

I am sorry to hear of your illness. Today I got a letter from Umesh who has written about your illness.

He says that you are very much nervous. You might be feeling lonely in your hostel. I think your fellow-boarders must be looking after you. It would be better if you are removed to a hospital.

Don’t lose heart. Cheer up. Your disease is not serious. You will recover in a few days. Give up your sadness. You should take complete rest. I hope to hear about your recovery soon.

With best wishes from,

Yours sincere friend,
Shashi

Question 9.
K.A. University, K. a. The city offers a correspondence course leading to a Diploma in Waste Water Management after plus two. You are Deepak/ Deepti Sinha. Write to the Director, Correspondence course, K. A. University for the brochure and prospectus and enquiring about the job opportunities after completing this course.
Answer:

38, Labour Colony, Patna
March 25,20……
The Director
Correspondence Course
Pants University,
Patna City

Subject: Information regarding Diploma in Waste Water Management

Sir,
This has reference to your advertisement in The Hindustan Times regarding the starting of a Diploma in Waste Management in 2008-09 through correspondence. I have appeared for 10 + 2 (Science Stream) exam, in March this year. I would like to blow that are the job opportunities after completing this course. Please elaborate on all the openings through this course.

I am sending a Demand Draft of Rs. 100/- in your favour for sending me the broucher covering other details regarding the course.

Yours Faithfully,
Denesh Singh

Question 10.
Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) has decided to hire one hun¬dred buses for different routes in the city on a per km basis. Write a letter to the Transport Commissioner, DTC, offering ff ve buses to be hired by them on their terms and conditions.
Answer:

Traffic Manager Krishna Bus Service, Patna
Bihar
October 16,20……..
The Transport Commissioner Delhi
Transport Corporation

Subject: Regarding Hiring of Private Buses

Sir,

This has reference to your advertisement in The Hindustan Times dated October 10,20………….. inviting offers for hiring private buses from the transporters.

Ours is a Premier Transport Company having its fleet of more than 150 buses playing on different routes in Bihar, Jharkhand and Nepal Border U.P. and M.P. We have been in this business for the last 50 years. As such, we have got the necessary experience and expertise to handle the volume of passengers.

We have read the terms and conditions laid down by the corporation and promise to abide by them. We offer for hire on km basis five buses from our fleet Our buses are new, comfortable and fitted with CNG kits in keeping with the pollution norms in Delhi. We assure you to provide ultra-modem buses and very polite and expert crew members. Our disciplined drivers and polite conductors will give no room for complaint The inspection of the buses can be done at your convenience with prior intimation. Other formalities of depositing surety money and giving a three-year bond would be completed soon.

Yours faithfully
A.K Deo
traffic Manager

Question 11.
You are Ravi/Rajani living at 5 Ganesb Bagh, Gaya 3. There is a frequent power cut and voltage fluctuation in your area causing great ‘ inconvenience and damaging electrical appliance. Write a letter to the Assistant Engineer of the Electricity Board of your area explaining the difficulties you face, seeking quick action.
Answer:

5. Ganesh Bagh.
Gaya 3
Electric Bihar State Electricity Bo&rd, Gaya

Subject: Complaint Regarding Frequent Power Cuts

Sir,

I, on behalf of the residents of Ganesh Bagh, wish to draw your attention towards frequent power cuts and voltage fluctuations in our area. These fluctuations not only anise great inconvenience but also damage electrical appliances. The transformers installed are of a small capacity resulting in low voltage and fluctuations. Many costly TV sets and refrigerators have been damaged here due to high voltage. Fan motors are burnt out. Overload on transformers causes frequent trippings melting of fuses. It is requested that transformers of bigger capacity be installed to regularise power supply in our area. I hope you will take a personal interest in the matter and get the faulty transformers replaced at the earliest –

Yours faithfully
Jitendra

Question 12.
You are John/Urmila, Staff Secretary Grant Public School, Patna The State Transport bus which is playing in your route at 8 a. m. has become irregular, putting a large number of students and office-goers in great difficulty. Write a letter to the Bus Depot Incharge complaining about it and requesting him to send the has regularly.
Answer:

Doon Public School
Patna.
The Bus Depot Incharge
State Transport Bus Service
Patna

Subject: Regarding Irregular.ar Bus Service

Sir,

I wish to draw your land attention towards the irregular bus service on Rute No. 28 from Patna City to Doon Public School. A large number of students and teachers take the morning bus at 8 a. m.- on this route to reach their destination. But for quite some time now, this bus service has become very irregular patting to inconveniences a lot of daily commuters on this route. Due to disturbed timings of the bus, students reach late in their schools and office goers also are hard-pressed. The earlier bus service is at 7.15 a. m. which is too early for the students. If the bus timings are put back on the right track, lots of commuters can be saved from avoidable ordeal every morning. I hope you would ensure its timely departure from its scheduled station and oblige us.

Thanking you in anticipation

Yours faithfully
Dhanunjay

Question 13.
Write a letter to the Police Commissioner (Traffic) about the inadequate parking facilities in the commercial street area of Patna, which is causing a lot of inconvenience to the people. You may also offer your suggestions to solve it. You are Rakesh/Renu No. 12, Jayanagar, Patna.
Answer:

The Commissioner of Police (Traffic)
Civil Lines
Patna
July 16, 2013……

Subject: Complaint regarding inadequate parking facilities in commercial street.

Sir,

I wish to draw your kind attention to inadequate parking facilities in Commercial Street, Patna.

It is one of the busiest areas of the city and is frequented by thousands every day. People have to park their vehicles at whatever vacant space they find. It not only causes inconvenience to the public in general but has resulted in vehicles’ theft as well. This area has become a haven for auto lifters. Encroachments on public land are also on the rise. Pheri-wallas and street hawkers have grabbed all the land meant for pedestrians.

It is requested that parking lots be provided and be let out to private contractors on a yearly basis. Encroachers should be dealt with firmly and the public land is freed from their possession.

It would be easing congestion in the busiest commercial area of the city.

Yours faithfully
Renu

R/o 12, Jayanagar
Patna

Question 14.
Write a letter to the General Manager, BSNL., complaining about the unsatisfactory working our your Telephone.
Answer:

The General Manager
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.
Patna
10th August 20……….

Subject: Complaint regarding telephone

Sir,

I take this opportunity to bring to your kind notice the unsatisfactory working of my telephone (Tel. No. 2454011). Several complaints made earlier have yielded no result. So, it was imperative for me to bring it to your notice.

My telephone has remained dead for the last two weeks. The fault is said to be in the underground cable, which has failed to be rectified. At times, there is huge sound disturbance and the telephone is rendered unserviceable.

It is requested that the telephone may be restored without any further delay. I have already faced a lot of difficulty due to my non-functional tele¬phone. I hope my telephone is restored immediately failing which I will be left with no choice but to move the Consumer Court for deficiency of service.

Yours faithfully,
Kaushik Kataria.

B-3/72, G. M. Road
Patna

Question 15.
You are Akshaya/Kajol of 123, Parade Ground Road, Secunderabad. You are interested in doing a short-term course in computer programming during summer vacation. Write a letter to the Director, Computer World, Powai, Mumbai, enquiring about the duration of such a course and the terms and conditions for admission.
Answer:

123, Parade Ground Road :
Secunderabad
Andhra Pradesh
May 28,20……..

The Director
Computer World
Powai
Mumbai

Subject: Information regarding short-term computer programming course

I have just passed my 10 + 2 exam, and desirous of joining short-term computer programming course at your institute. Your premier institute is the clear-cut market leader in computer education. So, I have decided to pursue this crash course. I would feel obliged in you send me the following information at the earliest

(i) Exact duration of the course.
(ii) Total fees payable for the course including tuition fees and hostel charges.
(iii) Last but not the least, I would like to know if each student is provided individual computers at your institute. I won’t like to share my computer with any other student at all.

Thanking your

Yours faithfully
Akshaya.

We believe the information shared regarding Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English Poem Letter and Application Writing Questions and Answers as far as our knowledge is concerned is true and reliable. In case of any queries or suggestions do leave us your feedback and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility. Bookmark our site to avail latest updates on several state board Solutions at your fingertips.

Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 Book 50 Marks Solutions Good Manners Questions and Answers as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapter wise Bihar Board Class 11th English Book Solutions and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

BSEB Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Chapter 3 Good Manners

Kick start your preparation by using our online resource Bihar Board Class 11 English Solutions. You can even download the Bihar Board Board Solutions for Class 11 Good Manners Questions and Answers in Prison free of cost through the direct links available on our page. Clear your queries and understand the concept behind them in a simple manner. Simply tap on the concept you wish to prepare in the chapter and go through it.

Bihar Board Class 12 English Good Manners Text Book Questions and Answers

Question 1.
a. What happened to the healthy young man ?
Answer:
The healthy young man became quite weak even after recovery from the severe attack of influenga.

b. What did the young man notice in trains and buses afterwards ?
Answer:
Afterwards the young man notice in trains and buses the story young men sitting comfortably while some of the older people who looked exhausted like himself kept standing.

c. What did he always do afterwards ?
Answer:
Afterwards wherever he travelled by a train or bus became quite considerate and kind to older people and offered his own seat to one who was in need of a seat.

d. What should you be careful of when speaking to some one ?
Answer:
When speaking to some one we should be careful of our expression, we should see that whatever we speaking is sufficiently enettigible to the listeners.

e. What does the writer of this extract say about truth ?
Answer:
The writer of this extract says that truth is never a one sided affair. It takes two to speak the truth; one can not speak the truth by saying what one thinks is truth. What we say is never an absolute truth for it has different meaning for different persons under different situations.

f. What should be the rule about conversation ?
Answer:
We should be careful about our speech while conversing with others. We should try to follow some principles in this regard. In our general conversation if the company is large, we should take only fair share of it and allow others to speak. If we are only two, each one of us should share it equally. It is quite tiring to go on listening so when one has already spoken a little, one should keep quite and allow the others to speak. If he does not respond it means he does not like the conversation to continue.

g. Why should you be careful when talking about other people ?
Answer:
When talking about other people we should be careful because any thing spoken about them is likely to find a way to them in one form or other.

h. What did the picture of the bull fight prove ?
Answer:
The picture of the bull-fight proved that one may be absolutely wrong while showing one’s confidence in being absolutely correct/right.

i. What factors produce good manners ?
Answer:
Compassion and realisation of one’s limitations produce good manners.

j. What is the meaning of I shall not pass this way again ?
Answer:
According to Christian doctrine there is no rebirth for any being. A man comes only once in this world so there is no charice for his second coming. Hence he should not miss the chance of helping those who desire or deserve our help.

In exercises 2 to 4 below, re-write all the sentences like sentence (ii) below.

Question 2.
(i) Perhaps he will be severely injured,
(ii) He may be severely injured.

a. Perhaps he will be promoted next year.
Answer:
He may be promoted next year.

b. Perhaps the com will be cut next weak.
Answer:
The com may be cut next year.

c. Perhaps the results will be announced on Tuesday.
Answer:
The results may be announced on Tuesday.

d. Perhaps the theatre will be closed tomorrow.
Answer:
The theatre may be closed tomorrow.

Question 3.
(i) Would you please post this letter for me.
(ii) I should be greatful of you would post this letter for me.

a. Would you please turn the light off.
Answer:
I should be greatful if you would turn the light off.

b. Would they please get the dinner ready ?
Answer:
I should be greatful if they would get the dinner ready.

c. Would be please repair my type writer.
Answer:
I should be greatful if the would repair my type writer.

d. Would you please leave the room.
Answer:
I should be greatful if he would leave the room.

Question 4.
(i) Say a little, then keep quite.
(ii) When you have said a little, keep quiet.

a. Take your shoes off, then go upstairs.
Answer:
When you have taken your shoes off, go upstairs.

b. Load your gurs, then wait for the Command.
Answer:
When you have loaded your guns, wait for the command.

c. Read the text, then answer the questions.
Answer:
When you have read the text, answer the questions.

d. Light the stove, then put the kettle on it
Answer:
When you have lighted the stove, put the kettle on it.

Question 5.
In this extract there are the words ? and it would save great deal of argument and annoyance if people paid attention to it Use this as a model and put the verbs below in their appropriate tenses.

a. It (be) very helpful if you (give) we an advance of salary.
Answer:
It would be very helpful if you gave me an advance of salary.

b. if i (go) to England I (go) by plane.
Answer:
If I went to England I would go by plane.

c. He (learn) a lot more if he (read) more widely.
Answer:
He would leam a lot more if he read more widely.

d. If you (climb) that hill you (have) a good view.
Answer:
If you climbed that hill you would have a good view.

Question 6.
In the sentence below certain words or phrases are in italics.
Use words or phrses from this extract the place so as to give the same meaning (refer to paras I-II only).

(a) India has a very large number of people.
(b) The building was very badly damged.
(c) Your duty is to look after the house.
(d) Those dogs cause us a great deal of trouble.
(e) Don’t worry about my servant; you can speak quite openly.
(f) Don’t talk too loudly, the enemy may hear what you are saying.
(g) You must come to court and give a report about the accident.
(h) He is perfectly sure about passing the examinatioin.
(i) Please write a short summary of this lecture.
(j) I am reasonably sure about it.
Answer:
(a) India has a very large population.
(b) The building was dangerously damaged.
(c) Your responsibility .is to look after the house.
(d) Those dogs cause us a great deal of annoyance.
(e) Don’t worry about my servant; you can speak quite frankly.
(0 Don’t talk too loudly, the enemy may overhear.
(g) You must come to court and give a evidence about the accident.
(h) He is perfectly confident about passing the examination.
(i) Please write a short account of this lecture.
(j) I am considerable sure about it.

Question 7.
Use the follwoing words or phrases once only in the sentences below: artificial, sympathy, defer, fragile, attack, complain, insult, take a dislike, uniform, neglect.
(a) My neighbour has ……… to me, so he often ……… about my dog.
(b) You must never ……… your ……… keep itclean and pressed.
(c) I have ……… no for people who beat their children.
(d) He has had an ……… of fever, so he will ……… the meeting until Thursday.
(e) The roses on that box are ……… they are made of glass and are very ………
(f) Don’t call a person a pig, as it is a bad ………
Answer:
(a) take a dislike; complains
(b) neglect, uniform
(c) sympathy
(d) attack; defer
(e) artificial; fragile
(f) insult.

Question 8.
Some people have bad manners. What bad manners, in your opinion, are the worst ?
Answer:
Young people usually make a fun of the old, weak or handicapped persons. While travelling by a bus or train they do not like even to accommodate them not to talk of vacating their seats for them. At the crossing the cyclists hurl abuses at them. When they find it difficult to cross the roads.

But the worst type of bad manners may be noticed when they take their appreciation quite literally. An appreciation is considered as a depreciation. Suppose a young man is smartly dressed in Khaki and an old lady remarks ‘Just as a police man’. The young man would sharply react because by police man he understood a police constable which he never liked to be. But the old lady knowing no distinction between a police man and a police officer passed that remark in appreciation of the man. Here the sharp, offensive words of the young man would be a sing of worst incivility in him.

Good Manners Word Meanings

Fold-people = लाख गीत Influenza-a type of disease like a very bad cold = एक तरह का बुखार | prenomonia-serious illness with inflammation of one or both lungs = एक प्रकार की भयंकर बीमारी | recovered-became cured = पुनः प्राप्त करना tryina-difficult, troublesome = कठिन gradually-by slow degree – धीरे – धीरे to make fun-to ridicule, mock, to laugh at severe to blows serious attacks = मजाक उडाना fragile-annoyance vexation = ठीका कारन tiresomeirritating = थकावट shorts-pant = पेंट silly-foolish = मूर्ख literally-taking only the surface meaning = साहित्यिक

greatful-to be obliged = क्रुतग्न franklyclearly = स्पष्ट रूप से constantly- continuously = लगातार delighted-happy, pleased = प्रसन्न exhausted-tired = थका हुआ assume-think = मानना overbear-hear without the knowledge of the speaker, hear by chance = कभी-कभी सुनना | evidence-anything that proves something = प्रमाण । knock over-run over = कटकटाना bull fight-a sport in Spain = स्पेन में सीढ़ी की लड़ाई का खेल | account-description = वर्णन limitations-things which unit our character or abilities making us weaker = सीमा humble-showing a modest opinion of oneself; one’s position = विनम्र defer-put off to a later time, postpone = त्याग देना

Good Manners Summary in Hindi

Good manners J.C. Hills का एक विचारात्मक निबन्ध है उनका कहना है कि हमारे जीवन में सद्व्यवहार का अत्यधिक महत्व है । इनसे हमारा जीवन शान्तिपूर्ण और सुखद बनता है। कुछ समय पहले हमलोग इसकी महत्ता को नहीं समझते थे । वास्तविकता तो यह है कि अच्छे ढंग या अच्छा व्यवहार हमारी सतत् सहायता करता है । वयस्कों को चाहिए कि वे बूढ़ों का आदर करें । यदि हम बूढ़े और अपने से बड़े का आदर करेंगे तो हमारा भी आदर और सम्मान होगा। यह संसार का विधान है यदि हम दूसरों का सम्मान करते हैं तो दूसरे भी हमारा सम्मान करेंगे। बलवान व्यक्ति को चाहिए कि वे कमजोरों को सदा सहायता करें। अतः यदि हम बड़े और कमजोर की सहायता करेंगे तो एक दिन हम भी सुख का अनुभव करेंगे।

मुझे एक युवा व्यक्ति की एक कहानी याद आती है । वह बलवान, कठिन और परिश्रमी एवं दयालु था । वह बहुत ही सक्रिय था । लेकिन उसके मन में उनके लिए कोई सहानुभूति नहीं थी जो उसे नहीं चाहते थे । एक बार ऐसी घटना घटी कि वह बीमार पड़ गया । वह बहुत कमजोर हो गया। उसने अपनी शक्ति खो दी । अब उसने महसूस किया कि वह अब निःसहाय है । इसके बाद उसने अपने जीवन की पद्धति बदल डाली । उसने वृद्ध और कमजोर लोगों से प्यार करने लगा । जब कभी वह यात्रा पर जाता था वह अपनी जगह कमजोर और बूढ़े को दे देता था।

इस संदर्भ में लेखक सलाह देता है कि बूढ़े और कमजोर के प्रति हमें दया और सहानुभूति प्रदर्शन करना चाहिए । हमें प्रत्येक उम्र के दीन-दुखियों के प्रति सहानुभूति रखनी चाहिए। हमें यह मानना चाहिए कि कमजोर व्यक्ति भी एक समय महान् और प्रसिद्ध योद्धा रहा होगा । सही मायने में हमें अपने जीवन को आसान बनाना चाहिए । हमें जीवन के हर क्षेत्र में साफ सुथरा रहना चाहिए । किसी के साथ अभद्रतापूर्ण व्यवहार नहीं करना चाहिए । एक अमेरिकन लेखक के अनुसार सच बोलना चाहिए और सच सुनना चाहिए ।

एक जगह लेखक हमें सलाह देता है कि किसी के प्रति कटु वचन का व्यवहार नहीं करना चाहिए, किसी की पीछे बुराई नहीं करनी चाहिए । हमारे समाज में स्पष्ट वक्ता बनना आसान नहीं है । कुछ लोग सिर्फ बातें ही करते हैं । वे दूसरों की सुनना नहीं चाहते हैं । वास्तव में यह बहुत बुरी आदत है । संगीत में सभी को बोलने का समान अवसर देना चाहिए।

सही माने में अच्छे ढंग संगति से और पानी अपनी सीमा के ज्ञान से आता है हमें सतत् ध्यान में रखना चाहिए कि हम विनम्र हैं और संसार सबसे छोटे व्यक्ति हैं । हमें दयालुता और मित्रता को बढ़ाना चाहिए ।

इस तरह हम कह सकते हैं कि हम जीवन के वास्तविक आनन्द का अनुभव तभी कर सकते हैं जब हम अच्छे ढंग का अनुगमन करेंगे । यदि हम अच्छे ढंग और सुसभ्य हैं तो हमारी प्रसिद्धि होगी । हमें सदा स्वतन्त्र और स्पष्ट बनकर बिना समाज को नुकसान पहुँचाए रहना चाहिए ।

Good Manners Summary in English

“Good Manners” are most desirable when a young man are with older people. They require his sympathy. Young people should treat older persons kindly and sympathetically. They should be considerate to them. They should try to make life easy for older people. When they grow old they will feel happier for having helped when they could.

Good manners are also important when younger people are in the company of their friends. They should he clear in their speech so that bearers may have no difficulty in understanding them. One should change ones expression from person to person because the same word may carry different meanings 4 for different people. Young people should be polite in their day to day dealings.

Sometimes even complementary words from elderly persons irritate young men. If an elderly lady looking at a boy’s dress enquires whetler he is a boy scout he should not feel insulted. The lady might have been impressed by. his . smartness. It is only foolish people who take such remarks literally. They should try to understand the intended meaning of the speaker. One must be very cautious in one’s conversation.

A man can be frank with those who welcome frankness, otherwise he should be guarded in his speech. Conversation is never a one way traffic. It requires at least two sides. When one is engaged in talk, one should also allow the listener to express himself. One who goes on speaking without alloing others to speak is called a bore. So a speaker should turn a listener after speaking for some time. Sometimes it is Quite pleasant to be quiet when the other man in company does not like the talk to continue.

It is never decent to speak ill of someone behind his back nor it is safe to soeak so because our remarks usually find their way to the person with our k name attached.

We usually think that only we are right others are quite wrong. This over confidence is not wanted in a polite society. So in our argument with other persons we should remember that there is all possibility of our being wrong, however confident we may feel about it.

Good manners come from compassion, understanding and realisation of one’s limitations. What we very confidently call the truth is just our truth and part of a larger Truth. We should always keep in our mind that we are humble, unimportant little people on this earth. We should try to help the world as much as we can in our short stay on this earth. Fellow feeling and kindliness are essential human virtues. We should try to help our fellow men as much as we can because we may not get another chance to come in this world as human beings.

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BSEB Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Chapter 2 With The Photographer

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Bihar Board Class 12 English With The Photographer Text Book Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How had the photographer arranged his studio ?
Answer:
The photographer’s studio had poor lighting arrangement. Sunlight came through a sleep of factory cotton which was fixed on posted window. The room had a big camera in the middle. A black cloth was attached to the camera.

Question 2.
What did the author think about his own face ?
Answer:
The author thought that his face was not good.

Question 3.
Why did the photogapher take so much time ?
Answer:
The phtographer wanted to have a natural pose of the winter so he took much time.

Question 4.
Why was the author angry with the photographer ?
Answer:
The photographer was very much critical of all the winter’s organs. The winters features and wished to come home with another face.

Question 5.
Why did the photographer look pleased afer taking the picture ?
Answer:
The photographer had at least the natural pose of the writer, when he burst out in anger the writer checked and he was now pleased that it was success.

Question 6.
Why did the author ask “Is it me ?” When he saw the photographer ?
Answer:
When the writer saw the proof of his photograph, the photographer had changered all his organs, eye, ears, face, lips. So it looked the picture of another gentleman not of himself.

Question 7.
What had photographer done with the author’s eyes ?
Answer:
Photographer had retouched the eyes and removed the brow.

Question 8.
What had he done with the author’s moouth ?
Answer:
The photographer had adjusted the mouth a little because be found writer’s mouth too low.

Question 9.
What did he want to do with author’s earns ?
Answer:
The photographer wanted to remove the author’s ears and fix another.

Question 10.
Why was the purpose of the photograph wasted ?
Answer:
The author told the photographer that the photograph that had been taken was worthless. So he refused to take it and suggested him to keep with him. So the photographer’s purpose was wasted.

Question 11.
Had you been in the author’s place what could have been your reaction?
Answer:
Had I been in the author’s place, I tod would have got a shock of my life. I would have taken the man to task taking so much liberty with my face in the picture. After all, a photograph is not a portrait painted by an artist to show job is to provide proper back ground and the light. He can only suggest the pose. It is not his business to alter altogether the face. I should have told him to take another picture. In case he refused, I too would have left the picture with the phtographer.

Question 12.
The author of the story is unusual. He is not pleased with the photographer’s talent. Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answer:
No, I don’t agree with the statement. The man in the story is not unusual, he seems to be quite a simple and ordinary person. On the other hand, the photographer seems to be quite unusual, No doubt, he has a flait for details. He wants to present a perfect picture. He takes a lot of pains. There are the usual jobs of a photographer. But his behaviour is quite insulting. He doesn’t show any regard for narrator’s feelings.

He criticises the narrator’s features very crudely. He uses harsh and uncharitable language. The narrator shows a lot of patience. He bursts out only when the photographer tamers with all his features. The photographer does a brutal job. He presents a photograph that doesn’t depict the man who has been photographed.

Grammetical Questions

Question 1.
Use the following prepositions once only in the sentences below. The extract will help you

into, in, with, to through, of.
(a) Please go …………. on your work.
(b) You ought to filter that water ………… a cloth.
(c) I looked at him …………… amazement.
(d) He burst …………. loud laughter.
(e) He is reconciling himself …………… a lower salary.
(f) She was conscious …………. a pain in her car.
Answer:
(a) with
(b) into
(c) threw
(d) to loud
(e) of
(f) in

Question 2.
In the sentence below, certain words or phrases are in italics to give the same meaning.
(a) He spoke to the child so harshly that he burst into tears.
(b) I jumped to one side.
(c) We intended to climb higher but the snow too deep.
(d) That car has several things wrong with it.
(e) Are you aware of any pain in your finger ?
(f) I Spoke to him rather sharply and he stopped annoying me.
(g) The soliders continued beating their drums.
(h) He has done the job very well.
(i) I have altered the length of your belt little.
Answer:
(a) He spoke toThe child so severly that he burst into tears.
(b) I jumped to side ways.
(c) We thought to climb higher but the snow was too deep.
(d) That car has various thing wrong with it.
(e) Are you notice of any pain in your finger ?
(f) I spoke to him rather hesitingly and stopped annoying me.
(g) The soliders spendidly beating their drums.
(h) He has done the job very’ nice.
(i) I have changed the length of your belt a little.

Question 3.
Use the following words once only in the sentences below:
trifle, privace, worthless, ackenowledge, reconstruct, reconcile, depict, filtered, humble, enthusiasm.

(a) This scene …………. a …………. beggar girl in rags.
(b) The police are going to …………. the scene of the murder.
(c) Don’t worry about that broken vase, it was only a ………….
(d) Sea water must be …………… before you drink it.
(e) In Germany before 1940 paper money was ………….
(f) I received you letter last week, I am sorry I hadn’t time to ………….. it till now.
(g) He can’t ………… himself to the loss of that money.
(h) He has great ………… for books he is always in the library.
(i) We are planting a hedge-round our garden for greater
Answer:
(a) worthless; humble
(b) reconcile
(c) privace
(d) filtered
(e) trifle
(f) acknowledge
(g) depict
(h) enthusiasm
(i) reconstruct

Question 4.
Give the subjects with which the infinitives given in the box are associated as in the following example
Example:
to dam — tailor
to brake —driver
to burrow — rabbit
to message —masseur

to saw, to distemper, to board, to believe that you cannot prevent things from happening, to believe that other countries are not as good as your own, to fight for any army that will pay you, to kill a famous or important person, to secretly plan with someone to do something bador illegal especially in politics, to make large profits by charging high prices.
Answer:

Question 5.
Select the appropriate antonym from the options given against each word and use them in sentence of your own:
enthusiam – apathy, disinterest, detest, hate
dim – bright, distinct, clear, encouraging, turn up
severely – slightly, mildly, leniently, genitally
frantic – calm, peaceful, quiet, silent, dumb, loud, busy, public
grave – carefree, cheerful, happy, delighted
expand – shrink, contract, condense, scale down.
splendid – Unimpressive, ordinary, undistinguished, dreadful, awful.
Answer:

Comprehension Passage

Read the extracts carefully and answer the questions that follow each:

I. “I want my photograph taken”, I said. The photographer looked at me without enthusiasm. He was a drooping man one a grey suit, with the dim eyes of a natural scientist. But there is no need to describe him. Everybpdy know what a photographer is like.

“Sit there,” he said, “and wait.”
I watted an hour.
After an hour the photographer opened the inner door.
“Come in,” he said severely.

a. What sort of reception did the narrator get at the studio ?
Answer:
The narrator was received coldly by the photographer.

b. What was the photographer like ?
Answer:
The photographer was a man without much spirit or zeal. He was a drooping man with the dim eyes of a physical scientist.

c. How could he be called a natural scientist ?
Answer:
He could be called a natural scientist for two reasons. One, he studied the physical features of the narrator like an expert biologist. Two, he used scientific term sulphide for the processing of photograph.

d. Why do you think was the photographer rude ?
Answer:
The photographer was rude in his speech as well as manners. Perhaps he had an inflated opinion about his talent.

e. Use the adjective form of need and describe in sentences of your own.
Answer:
We ought to help the needy, the old and the children.

2. “Stop,” I said with emotion but, I think, with dignity, “This face is my face. It is hot yours; it is mine, I’ve lived with it for forty years and I know its \ faults. I know it’s out of drawing; I know it wasn’t made for me; but it’s my face ‘ the only one I have”—I was conscious of a break in my voice, but I went on “such as it is, I’ve learned to love it. And this is my mouth, not yours. These ears are mine and if your machine is too narrow—Here I started to rise from the seat.

a. Whom did the speaker ask to stop ? What did he object to ?
Answer:
The speaker asked the photographer to stop giving a series of instructions to him. .

b. Did the speaker feel proud of his face ?
Answer:
No, he knew its faults. Still he had learned to love it.

c. What explanation did the photographer give for annoying the narrator ?
Answer:
Answer:
The photographer said that he had deliberately provoked the narrator in order to make it lively enough for a fine picture.

d. Was he really proud of his face and features ?
Answer:
No, he had no wrong notion about his appearance. His face was ordinary.

3. Listen,” I interrupted, drawing myself up and annimating my features to their full extent and speaking with a withering scorn that should have blasted the man on the spot. “I came here for a photograph, a picture, something which—bad though it seems—would have looked like me. I wanted something that would depict my face as Heaven gave it to me, humble though the gift may have been. I wanted something that my friends should kesp after my death, to reconcile them to my loss. It seems that I was grossly mistaken.

a. Whom did the speaker address and when ?
Answer:
The speaker addressed the photographer who had made a miss of the picture.

b. Why was the speaker so much excited and in rage ?
Answer:
The speaker has enraged when the photographer justified his action of changing the author’s features in the picture.

c. With what hope had he come to the photographer ?
Answer:
The author had gone to the studio to get a faithful depiction of his face and features in a photograph.

d. In what sense was he mistaken ?
Answer:
He was sadly mistaken and disappointed. The picture did not resemble him at all.

4. What I wanted is no longer done. Go on, then with your brutal work. Take your negative, or whatever it is you call it, dip it in sulphide, bromide, oxide, cowhide-anything you like: remove the eyes, correct the mouth, adjust the face, restore the lips, reanimate the necktie and reconstruct the waistcoat. Coat it with an inch of gloss, shade it, emboss it, gild it, till even you knowledge that it is finished. Then when you have done all that, keep it for yourself and your friends. They may value it. To me it is but a worthless bauble.”

a. What had the speaker wanted ? What was his experience ?
Answer:
The speaker had wanted a photocopy of his face. He was badly disappointed. The picture did not look like him at all.

b. Was the work of the photorapher really ‘brutal’ ?
Answer:
Yes, the work could be called cruel. The photographer had changed the features altogether in the picture.

c. Why did the speaker leave the picture with the photographer ?
Answer:
The speaker left the photograph with the photographer so that it might be used for him and for his friends.

With The Photographer Word Meanings

Enthusianm-zeal, excitement = उत्साह | Drooping-hanging down=झुकी हुई Dim-not bright = कम रोशनी की, Natural scientist-a scientist of physical science = प्रकृति-वैज्ञानिक । Beam-ray = किरण । Filtered through(here) crossed through = गुजरकर आती थी Sheet-(here) cloth = चादर Frosted skylight-dim light due to frost = पाले पडने से मंद रोशनी Crawled-moved slowly along the ground = रेंगता आया । Tearing-separating = जुदा करते हुए । Hook-bent piece of metal = काँटा अंकुशाकर। Apparently-obviously, seemingly = दिखाई देने वाली, प्रकट रूप से । Frantic-wild, excited = उत्तेजित व्यग्र Still-calm, quiet = शान्त Grave-serious = गंभीर Enthusiastically-taking great interest = उस्ताहित होकर Human side-human qualities = मानवीय गुण Boundless limitless = असीमित | Ceased-stopped = बन्द कर दिया । Thisted-bent = मोड़ा । Sideways-towards both the sides = दोनों और Sighed-drew a deep breath = आह भरी आह भरी | Droop-hang down = नीचे लटकाना । Roll-moved round = घुमाना । Lips-eye-kids = Expand-spread out = फुलाना Hump-(here) round lump= फुलाना Contract-shrink, shoorten = सिकोड़ना a little = थोड़ा सा Swung-moved from one side to the other = झोलते हुए Emotion(here) strong feeling = आवेश Out of drawing-cotinued = जारी रहा Snickmake a small cut = काटना Staggering-unable to stand property = लड़खड़ाते हुए Pursing-drawing together = मिलाते हुए, सिकोड़ते हुए ।

Features-parts of the face =चेहरा – मोहरा Animation-liveliness = सजीवता Bitingly-harshly = कठोरता से । Animate-make lively = सजीव बना । Beckoned-made a gesture =संकेत दिया Graver-more serious = अधिक गंभीर Hesitatingly-lacking courage to say = झीझी कते हुए Retouchedrenovated = दोबारा से ठीक-ठाक करना । Splendidly-in a grand manner = शानदार ढंग से Glance-a short look = झलक Applied-(here) used = इस्तेमाल किया Skull-bony frame of the head = खोपड़ी Superficies-surfaces = सतह Brow line-eye-brow = भैंहे Lost on-had no effect = कोई भी प्रभाव न होना Adjusted-set right = ठीक करना Interrupted-cut him short = बीच में बोल पड़ा Drawing myself up-getting ready = साहस बटोरते हुए Withering scorndeep hatred = तीव्र घृणा | Blasted-burnt = भस्म का दिया । Depict-present = चित्रित करना । Reconcile-agree = स्वीकार करना । Gloss-brightening substance = चमक । Emboss-cause figure = उभार कर चित्र पेश करना । Gild-like gold = सोने के समान पॉलिश | acknowledge-accept = सहमत होना । Bauble-a thing of little value = दिखावटी छोटी चीज ।

With The Photographer Summary in Hindi

लेखक Stephen Leacock अपना फोटो खिचवाने के लिए स्टूडियो गया । वहाँ उसे एक बड़ा ही कटु अनुभव हुआ । फोटोग्राफर संवेदनहीन व्यक्ति था । ग्राहक के आने से वह न तो प्रसन्न होता था और न उत्सुक । उसने लेखक को बैठकर प्रतीक्षा करने को कहा। एक घंटा के बाद वह लेखक को स्टूडियो के डार्क रूम में ले गया । वहाँ प्रकाश और हवा पर्याप्त नहीं थी। वह एक बड़ी मशीन लुढ़काकर कमरे के बीच लाया और एक सेकेण्ड के लिए पीछे गया। वह बाहर निकला और अंकुशवाली छड़ी से सूती चादर हटाया ।

वह पुनः मशीन के पीछे गया और अपने ऊपर काला कपड़ा डाल दिया । अन्ततः जब वह बाहर निकला तो काफी गम्भीर था । उसने कहा कि लेखक का चेहरा बिल्कुल गलत है । यदि यह तीन चौथाई भाग होता तो अच्छा होता । लेखक कोई प्रतिक्रिया नहीं व्यक्त की। उसने गलत आरोप को सहजता से सत्य मान लिया। उसको कहा कि यदि फोटोग्राफर का चेहरा बड़ा और लम्बा रहता तो बहुत अच्छा होता । लेकिन फोटोग्राफर इस बात को नहीं सुना । वह आया और उसने लेखक का सिर हाथों से पकड़ा तथा उसे इधर-उधर घुमाया । वह खड़ा होकर उसे देखने लगा तब उसने कहा कि उसका सिर भी दोषपूर्ण है वह पुनः मशीन के पीछे लेखक को देखने के लिए गया। वह लेखक को निर्देश देने लगा ।

फोटोग्राफर पहले लेखक को थोड़ा-सा मुँह खोलने के लिए कहा । फिर उसे बन्द करने और कान को थोड़ा नीचे रखने, आँखें चलाने और दोनों हाथों को घुटने पर रखने, चेहरा को थोड़ा ऊपर उठाने, फेफड़े को फुलाने और चेहरा को स्थिर रखने को कहा। लेखक फोटोग्राफर की ओर घूमा और निर्देश खत्म करने को कहा । उसने आगे कहा कि चेहरा उसका अपना है और इसी चेहरा के साथ चालीस वर्षों से रहता आया है। वह इसके दोषों से पूर्ण परिचित है और उसे प्यार करना सीखा है ।

लेखक जैसे ही अपने स्थान से उठना चाहा फोटोग्राफर कैमरा का बटन दबा दिया । तस्वीर ले ली गई । वह प्रसन्न दिखता था । उसने कहा कि उसने जानबूझ कर लेखक को उत्तेजित किया है। उसने कहा कि वह पहले तस्वीर को डेवलप करेगा और शनिवार को उसका प्रूफ दिखायेगा।

शनिवार को लेखक प्रूफ देखने के लिए स्टूडियो गया । उसे लगा कि तस्वीर उसकी अपनी नहीं है । फोटोग्राफर ने लेखक की आँखों को पुर्णर्पश दिया था जिससे कि देखने में अच्छा लगे । भौंहें सल्फाइड लगाकर हटा दिया गया है । जिससे भौंह की एक नई रेखा बनायी जा सकें। मुँह को भी ठीक किया गया है और अन्तिम प्रिन्ट में कान को भी ठीक कर दिया जाएगा ।

लेखक अपना धैर्य खो बैठा । वह उत्तजित होकर बोला कि वह अपने चेहरे को विश्वासजनक प्रतिलिपि लेने आया था जिसे देखकर मृत्यु के पश्चात् भी उनका मित्र उन्हें पहचान सकें । लेकिन वह बुरी तरह ठगा गया । उसने फोटोग्राफर से कहा कि वह निगेटिव अपने पास रखे और उस पर हर प्रकार के रासायनिक पदार्थ लगाये । अब चित्र का काम पूरा हो जाए तो उसे अपने पास अपने मित्र के लिए रख लें । यह लेखक के लिए निरर्थक वस्तु है । लेखक अपनी आँसू नहीं रोक सके और वहाँ से वापस चल दिए ।

With The Photographer Summary in English

The author went to a studio go get himself photographed. He had a bitter experience. The photographer was a spiritless person. He did not seem to be happy and excited at getting a customer. He received the narrator coldly and asked him to wait. After an hour’s waiting he asked the customer to come get into the inner room the studio. The light and tfie air there were insufficient. He rolled a big room one and went behind it for only a second to have a look at him. He came out and tyearing at the cotton curtain on the window panes with a hooked stick.

He went behind the machine again and drew a black cloth over himself. When he came out at last, he looked serious. He remarked that the author’s face was quite wrong and it would be better three-quarters full. The author did not react. He accepted the unpleasant comment as true. He added that even the photographer’s own face would look better of it were wide and large. But the man did not listen to it. He walked up and twisted the author head sideways as far as it would go. He stood looking at it. Then he said with a sign that the head also had its faults. He went behind the machine again to have another look. He started giving instructions.

The photographer first asked the author to open the mouth a little, close drop the ears a little more, roll the eyes under the lids put his hands on the knees turn the face a little upwards expand the lungs and contract the face. It was so very irriating. The author could not keep his cool. He turned to the photographer’s and told him to stops issuing instructions. He added that the face was his and since he had only one face, he had lived with it for forty years. He knew its faults still he had learned to love it.

As the author stared to rise from his seat. The photographer clicked the cameras. The picture was taken. He looked pleased. He remarked that he had intentionally irritated the author so as catch his feature in a moment of excitement. He said that he would first develop the negative and show the proof on Saturday.

On Saturday the author went back to the studio to see the proof. He was stunned to notice that the picture did not look like his own. The eyes, said the photographer, had been retouched in order to make them look better. The eye brows were removed with a chemical sulphide in order to make out a new brow line. The mouth had also been adjusted. As for the ears they could also be fixed all right in the final print.

The author lost his temper. He said scornfully that he had come to get a faithful copy of his face, exactly as the heaven had given it to him. He wanted a picture that his friends might recognise and keep as a memoir after his death. But he was badly mistake. He told the artist to keep the negative with him, did it in all sorts of chemicals, make as many changes in the features as he liked and put a gloss on it.

When the work was finished, he should keep the picture for himself and his friends. To the another it was a useless thing. He could not control his tears and left the place.

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BSEB Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Chapter 4 On Letter Writing

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Bihar Board Class 12 English On Letter Writing Text Book Questions and Answers

Question 1.
a. What did Bill find so difficult ?
Answer:
Bill found it so difficult to write a letter each to his mother, wife, Bob, Sarah, Aunt, Uncle Jin and a host of others at a time.

b. Why was bill no longer fighting at the front line ?
Answer:
Bill was no longer fighting at the front line because he was on sick leave.

c. Why do some people have difficulty in writing letters ?
Answer:
Some people have difficulty in writing letters because they have on gift of self-expression.

d. Why was letter writing done more carefully in the past ?
Answer:
Letter-writing was done more carefully in the past because at those days people had more leisure for such work and postage was much more expensive than it is today.

e. How did the dalesmen avoid the postal charges ?
Answer:
The dalesmen avoided the postal charges by sending their unstamped letters to their very close relatives by stage coach which they received and without opening them made out from a certain agrued sign on it that the sender was well and immediaely retunrd it to the carrier.

Or, The dalesman used to send unstamped letters to their very close relatives through stage coach. The addressee looked at the address and received it just for a while. Then he or she saw the sign previously agreed upon on the letter telling him or her that the sender was well. No sooner it was noticed, then the letter was returned to the carrier unopened. IN this way the dalesmen avoided the postal charges.

f. What has finally helped to destroy the art of great letter-writing?
Answer:
Recent means of communication such as telegraph, telephone and typewriter have finally helped to distroy the art great letter-writing.

g. What kind of things could bill have talked about in his letter ?
Answer:
Bill could have talked about such trival matters as the injury on his heel, scarcity of cigarettes his long and tedious march loss of his friend at Le catean location and dropping off his boot side at Meanx.

h. What trick did Carlyle have to perfection ?
Answer:
Carlyle had a trick to perfection in letter-writing. He wrote his letter in the lightest’and most casual way giving a personal touch to it. He had the gift of describing things at his place in such an intimate manner that the reader automatically save persons and events at long distance immediately before his eyes.

i. What feature of Keat’s charactr is mentioned ?
Answer:
Family affection was the main feature of Keats’ characters.

j. What is the difference between a good essay and a good letter ?
Answer:
A good essay is written in orderly and elabourate style while a good letter is written in casual and intimate way bearing a personal touch of the writer.

In exercise 2 to 4 below re-write all the sentences like sentence (ii) below:

Question 2.
(i) you have been compelled to do it (ii) you have had to do it.

a. He has been competed to sell his car.
Answer:
He has had to sells his car.

b. They have been compelled to break the window.
Answer:
They have had to break the window.

c. He has been compelled to dismiss his secretary.
Answer:
He had to dismiss his Secretary.

d. I have been compelled to find a new flat.
Answer:
I have to find a new flat.

Question 3.
(i) It was the penny post that killed it.
(ii) It was killed by the penny post.

a. It was the local police who caught him.
Answer:
He was caught by the local police.

b. It was the original owner who planted it.
Answer:.
It was planted by the original owner.

c. It was the old man who found it.
Answer:
It was found by the old man.

d. It was her sister who told her.
Answer:
She was told by her sister.

Question 4.
(i) The dalesmen of Lakeland often dodged the postal charges.
(ii) The dalesmen of Lakeland used to dodge the postal charges.

a. They often wrote about personal details.
Answer:
They used to write about personal details.

b. They often bought buffalo milk.
Answer:
They used to buy buffallo milk.

c. We often went and saw him in hospital.
Answer:
We used to go and see him in hospital.

d. People often composed long letters.
Answer:
People used to compose long letters.

Question 5.
Find the expression in die extract cheap postage was about to come in:
The Write at least six sentences from the following substitution table:

Answer:

1. The meeting was about to begin
2. The meeting was about to finish.
3. The ceremoney was about to begin.
4. The ceremony was about of finish.
5. The ceremony was to be filmed.
6. The ceremony was about to be repeated.
7. The lecture was about to begin.
8. The lecture was about to finish.
9. The lecture was about to be broadcast.

Question 6.
In the sentences below certain words or phrases are in italics.
Use words or phrases from this extract in their place so as to give the same meaning.

(a) He admitted that had stolen the watch.
(b) Some people have no ability to express themselves.
(c) Will they bear the cost of the postage ?
(d) How can we avoid those charges ?
(e) He looked briefly at the notice, and then left.
(f) We have seen the beginning of the atomic age.
(g) I got these ornaments for a very small price.
(h) I have always valued those old coins.
(i) Sharks are very common in the Indian Ocean.
(j) When I drop my handkerchief, you bend down to pick it up.
Answer:
(a) He confessed that he had stolen the watch.
(b) Some people have no gift of self expression.
(c) Will they bear the expense of the postage ?
(d) How can we dodge those charges ?
(e) He glanced at the notice, and then left.
(f) We have seen the advent of the atomic age. .
(g) I got these ornaments for a few pence.
(h) I have always treasured those old coins.
(i) Sharks are very plentiful in the Indian Ocean.
(j) When I drop my handkerchief, you stoop to pick it up.

Question 7.
Use the following words or phrases once only in the following sentences:

take ……….. seriously, intend to, at heavy expense, recipe, dumb, offended, elaborate, preserve, retreat, paralyse.

(a) You can …………. fish you put salt over it.
(b) The general …………. because’the enemy are too strong.
(c) He is rather lazy; he doesn’t …………. his work ………….
(d) Certain diseases …………. the limbs.
(e) Do you know the …………. for Christmas pudding ?
(f) He was …………. because I didn’t write to him.
(g) He has gone to a special school for the ………….
(h) He has gold watch with a very …………. face.
(i) He bought himself a new car ………….
Answer:
(a) perserve
(b) intend to retreat
(c) take, seriously
(d) paralyse
(e) recipe
(f) offended
(g) recipe
(h) elaborate
(i) at heavy expense.

Question 8.
Write a short letter to a friend. In it, describe the scene around you with any amusing details.
Answer:

Patna College
Patna
22 Feb. 20….

My dear Shashank,

Received your letter a few days back. I might have replied earlier but for my youngest brother’s mischief when wrote his alphabet on the inland letter and spoiled it within mi lutes while I was filling ink in to my pen next door. You know how naughty Pinkoo is.

I am about to start the letter but the scene across the window is tempting. Three santhat peasants staggaring on the road. They are dead drunk. Today is Friday the biweety market day. On Monday and Friday this scene is very common at Patna. These three comrades have stopped, they are looking back in anger at a baring dog which has been perhaps at their heals from the market place. Kids are making fun of them. They are muttering something. But why are they moving towards the pond.

I can watch their activities at the pond from the northen window. It’s realy exciting. Two of them have already got into the water while the other has preferred to sit and watch them. They are splashing water at one another and hen take a dip. Kids have assembled there to have the fun. The two drunkards have gone into the deep water. I hear a commotion ‘Help, help, I hear the shouts clearly, they are drowning. The children there, are laughing while a Sanlhal on the maggin is weeping. They might have drowned but for two passers bye who hearing the shouts rescue them.

It’s a long digression. Isn’t it ? Kapil and Kumud, my younger brothers have slipped out of the house with their kites mother. They are surely to have good beating as soon as they return. How is your preparation ? Mine is not up to my satisfaction. You can’t depend on college lectures, you have to depend upon yourself study for better results.

Come down to Patna as soon as your examination is over by that time mine too would be finished. We will go to Massanjore, a beautiful spot and will have good time there. How are Aunti and Uncle. Convey my pranam to them.

Soliciting an early reply.

Yours Sincerely
Rishikesh

Address:
To
Shri Bishundeo Prasad
C/o Jitendra Kumar
Boring Road, Patna

Question 9.
Attempt a critical appreciation of the essay entitled On Letter-Writing.
Answer:
On Letter Writing is an interesting essay written by A. G. Gardiner. Gardiner occupies an eminent place in the real of the dilightful essayists of the modem world. He writes in a light and easy manner. In the present essay.

On Letter Writing Word Meanings

Evidently = स्पष्टता | latter = बाद वाला । Mourn fully = उदासीपूर्वक । Offend = चोट पहुँचाना । mention = उल्लेख करना । mournfully = विषादपूर्वक । scratch = खुजलाना । blessed = आशीषित । ridiculous = हास्यास्पद | front = मोर्चा | retreat = पीछे हटना । advance = आगे बढ़ना । confess = स्वीकार करना । suppose = कल्पना करना । self-expression = आत्माभिव्यक्ति । paralyse = आशक्त कर देना | atmosphere = वातावरण । concrete = ठोस । lead = आगे बढ़ाने वाला सूत्र | immortal = अमरणशील । leisurely = अवकाशमय । indulge = लिप्त होना । luxury = शान-शौकत । expense = व्यय, खर्च | dodge= धोखा देना, बच निकलना । stage coach = घोड़ा गाड़ी, बग्घी, जिससे मोटर एवं रेलवे के आविष्कार से पूर्व लोग यात्राएँ करते थे और डाक भी ढोई जाती थी I glance = एक झलक देखना । carrier = ढोने वाला, लाने वाला | globe= पृथ्वी। advent = आगमन । destruction = विनाश । scarcity = दुर्लभता । treasured valuable = मूल्यवान | plentiful = अधिक मात्रा में । pebble = ढेला । stoop = झुकना । comrade= मित्र । intimate= अंतरंग | blister = फोड़ा । heel = एंडी ।

hunger = भूखा रहना । march = पैदल आगे बढ़ना । pal = साथी । sole = तल्ला । trivialtites = छोटी-छोटी चीजें । approach = पहुँच । job = कार्य । casual = सहज, सामान्य । personal = व्यक्तिगत | abstract= अमूर्त । purpose= उद्देश्य । perfection= श्रेष्ठता I operations = काम-धाम | moisten = भींगना । message = संदेश | pour = ढालना | affection = स्नेह । pleasant = सुखद | feature = तत्त्व | gateway = द्वार । intend = चाहना । _volume = परिणाम | order = व्यवस्था । recipe = नुस्खा | craft = कला | interrupt = बीच में टोकना । separation = अलगाव । preserve= सुरक्षित रखना | commonplace = सामान्य । colloquial = बातचीत के लहजे वाला । familiarity = परिचितता | supreme = सर्वश्रेष्ठ | elaborate-detailed = तफसीली ।

On Letter Writing Summary in Hindi

पत्र-लेखन एक कला है । अच्छा पत्र कैसे लिखें यही A.G. Gardiner’s के निबन्ध “On Letter-writing” का विषय है । उसके निबन्धों में हमें विचारों और भावनाओं तथा सौन्दर्य एवं स्वरूप का सुन्दर सामंजस्य देखने को मिलता है । उसके निबन्ध “खुली धूप और मस्ती तथा हास्य एवं शान्ति” से भरपूर होते हैं । उसका यह निबन्ध उसके “Pebbles on the shore” नामक संग्रह से लिया गया है, जो पहली बार 1915 में प्रकाशित हुआ था ।

गार्डिनर, निबन्ध का प्रारम्भ बिल और सैम नामक दो सैनिकों में होने वाली बातचीत से करता है । बिल अपनी ड्यूटी पर अपने कैम्प जा रहा है । सैम उसको रेलवे स्टेशन पर विदा करने आया है । लेखक बिल का सहयात्री है । ट्रेन खुलने से ठीक पहले बिल और सैम पत्र-लेखन की कठिनाइयों की चर्चा कर रहे हैं । उनको यही नहीं समझ में आता है कि वे अपने पत्रों में क्या लिखें । जब ट्रेन खुलती है, बिल युद्ध में विभिन्न मोर्चों पर अपने तरह तरह-तरह के अनुभवों के विषय में लेखक को बताता है । लेकिन बिल भी उन हजारों नौजवानों की ही तरह है जो जीवन में विविध एवं व्यापक अनुभवों को प्राप्त करने के बाद भी उनके विषय में अपने पत्रों में कुछ भी लिख नहीं पाते ।

गार्डिनर के अनुसार पत्र-लेखक एक लुप्तप्राय कला है तथा इसके अनेक कारण हो सकते हैं । निश्चय ही उनमें से एक है, डाक-दरों में दिनानुदिन होती कमी । दूसरा बड़ा कारण है आधुनिक जीवन की भाग-दौड़, जबकि किसी के पास इस कोमल कला की साधना के लिए पर्याप्त समय नहीं रह गया है । पहले के जमाने में पत्रों का भेजना एक बहुत अधिक खर्चीला एवं कठिन कार्य होता था । पत्रों को अपने गन्तव्य तक पहुँचने में हफ्तों-महीनों लग जाते थे । पत्रों का लिखना

और उनको पढ़ना दोनों ही बातें उन दिनों एक महत्वपूर्ण घटना होती थी । लेकिन कालक्रम से डाक-दरें बहुत घट गयी हैं और डाक का आना-जाना भी बहुत तेज हो गया है । इन सब ने पत्र-लेखन कला का लगभग विनाश ही कर दिया है ।।

फिर भी यह सत्य है कि बिल और सैम की तरह के हजारों लोगों के लिए अच्छा पत्र लिखने की जरूरत बराबर बनी रहेगी । किन्तु अच्छे पत्र लेखन का रहस्य उसकी अंतरंगता में छिपा हुआ है। उसका तरीका हल्का और सरल रहना चाहिए । उसे व्यक्तिपरक होना चाहिए, न कि अमूर्त अथवा अवैयक्तिक । उसमें आसन्नता एवं अंतरंगता के गुण होने चाहिए । कार्लोइन, जो ऐसे पत्र-लेखकों, में अग्रगण्य है, उसके पत्र प्रत्यक्ष, अंतरंग बातों से भरे होते थे । एक अन्य महान् पत्र-लेखन और संभवतः महानतम पत्र-लेखकों में परिगण्य, कीट्स, ऐसे पत्र लिखता था जो अंतरंग भावों तथा मूर्त विवरणों से ओतप्रेत होते थे। अपने भाई जार्ज एवं उसकी पत्नी जो अमेरिका में रहते थे, उनको लिखे कीट्स के पत्र उसके अपने “पारिवारिक जीवन की एक तस्वीर” प्रस्तुत करते हैं । किसी भी पत्र में उस पत्र का सहज अपनापन और जीवन की छोटी-छोटी अंतरंग बातों के मूर्त एवं विशद विवरणों का होना ही उसके सर्वोत्तम गुण माने जा सकते हैं।

गार्डिनर के इस निबन्ध में भी स्वर की एक वैसी ही अंतरंगता मिलती है । अपने विषय को प्रस्तुति वह एक सहज एवं स्वाभाविक शैली में करता है और निबन्ध का नाटकीय प्रारम्भ इस अंतरंग स्वर की पुष्टि करता है ।

On Letter Writing Summary in English

Letter-writing is an art. How to write a good letter is the theme of A.G. Gardiner’s essay “On Letter-Writing”. In his essays we come across a combination of ideas and emotions with beauty and form. His essays are full of “sunshine and mirth, laughter and peace”. This essay is from his collection “Pebbles on the Shore”, first published in 1915.

Gardiner begins his essay by reporting the conversation of two soliders Bill and Sam. Bill is going to join duty at this camp. Sam is seeing him off at a railway station. The author is a fellow-passenger of Bill. Just before the departure of the train Bill and Sam discuss the difficulties of writing a letter. They just do not know what to say in their letters. As the train leaves the author learns from Bill about his varied experience on the different fronts of the War. But Bill is like thousands of other young fellows who in spite of their varied and vast experiences of life, are unable to write about them to any extent in their letters.

According to Gardiner letter-writing is a lost art now and there could be a number of reasons for this. One of them, surely, is the increasing cheapness of the postal charges. The other big factor is the hurry and bustle of modem life when nobody has the leisure to devote to this delicate art. In the past, sending of letter was much more expensive and difficult. It often took weeks and months to reach its destination. The writing as well as the reading of a letter was quite an event in those days. But in course of time postage has become much cheaper and mails much faster. This has almost destroyed the art of letter-writing.

It remains a fact, however, that thousands like Bill and Sam would always need to write good letters. But the secret of letter-writing is its intimacy. The approach must be light and casual. The letter must be personal and not abstract or impersonal. It must have the qualities of immediacy and intimacy. Carlyte, intimate details. Keats, another great letter-writer, and perhaps among the greatest, wrote letters which were vibrant with intimate feelings and vivid details. His letters to his brother George and his wife in America give “a picture of our lives here.” The familiarity of a good letter and its vividness of intimate details are its supreme virtues.

Gardiner’s essay is marked by a similar intimacy of tone. He presents his subject in a style which is easy and natural. The dramatic opening of the essay adds to this intimacy of tone.

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Rainbow English Book Class 11 Solutions Story of English Chapter 5 Story of English Poetry

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Bihar Board Class 11 English Story of English Poetry Textual Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Complete the statements given below:

(a) Words in a poem are used for …………………. and ………………….
(b) In his poetic words, Chaucer did not use the ………………….
(c) The word Renaissance means ………………….
(d) The three great poets of the Elizabethan period are …………………. and ………………….
(e) The faiery Queene is a ………………….
(f) Shakespeare’s Sonnet’s deal with ………………….
Answer:
(a) Words in a poem are used for their sound and images.
(b) In his poetic words, chaucer did not use the Old English irregular lines and alliteration.
(c) The word Renaissance means rebirth and refers to revival of ancient Greek learning.
(d) The three great poets of the Elizabethan period are Christopher Marlowe, Edum Spencer and William Shakespeare.
(e) The Faiery Queene is aromantic epic based on chivalry.
(f) Shakespeare’s Sonnets deal with tragic failure in love and broken friend-ship.

Answer these questions very briefly :

Question 1.
What does Langland do in “The Vision of the Piers the Plowman?
Answer:
Long man writes in his “The vision of Piers the Plowman” a series of dream visions and he attacks the social ills and urges men to “Learn to Love”.

Question 2.
When was the influence of the Renaissance felt clearly in England?
Answer:
The influence of The Renaissance was felt clearly in England during the period from the accession of Elizabeth in 1558 to the death of James-I in 1625.

Question 3.
Who wrote “Austrophel and Stella”?
Answer:
Sir Philip Sidney who was a noble man as well a talent for writing; wrote the beautiful Sonnet; – “A strohel and Stella” in 1591.

Question 4.
Name the two epics in English.
Answer:
The name of two epics are — “Paradise Lost” and “Paradise Regained”, written by John Milton.

Question 5.
Name four leading Romantic poets of the nineteenth century.
Answer:
Four leading Romantic poets of the nineteenth century were –
(i) James Thomson
(ii) Robert Blair
(iii) William Collins
(iv) Robert Burns

Question 6.
Who has described poetry as the criticism of life ?
Answer:
Mathew Arnold has described poety as the criticism of life.

Question 7.
Name any three Pre-Raphaelites poets.
Answer:
The three Pre-Raphaelites poets are –
(i) Date Gabriel Rossetti
(ii) William Morris
(iii) A.C, Swinburne.

Question 8.
What aspects of modern civilization does T.S. Eliot present in his poems?
Answer:
T.S. Eliot in his poems such as the, ‘The Love Song’ of J. Alfred Prufrock’ and “The Wasteland” presents the hollowness and vulgarity of the modem civilization, which does not hae any awareness of spritual values.

Question 9.
What were the two concerns of the American poets writing in English?
Answer:
The two concerns of the American poets writing in English were –
(i) to define the self
(ii) to identify the nation

Question 10.
What were the major concerns of the early Indian poets in English ?
Answer:
The major concerns of the early Indian poets were –
(i) patriotism
(ii) the glorious past of India.

Question 11.
Name four Canadian poets writing in English.
Answer:
Four Canadian poets writing in English are –
(i) Jeannethe Armstrong
(ii) Claire Harris
(iii) Cyril Dabydeen
(iv) Arnold Itwaru.

Question 12.
Discuss John Milton as a poet [Sample Paper2009 (A)]
Answer:
We know that John Milton is a great puritan poet. He is physically challenged but mentally agile, he is second only to Shakespeare. He lost his eye-sight but developed his insight. His style is called grand style, “Paradise lost” and “ParadiseTegained” are his well known epics. His literary reputation reminds us of Surdas in Hindi Literature. His rich sensibility is every inch obvious in his poems. In this way, John Miltan is an unforgettable literary giant in English.

Question 13.
Discuss William Wordsworth as a poet [Sample Paper 2009]
Answer:
Wiliam Wordsworth wrote lyrics; ballads, odes, sonnets, verse- tales and reflective poems. May it be “Lucy-Poems” or “The Prelude”, his love of nature is always prominent. Nature, for him, is a spiritual presence.. It provides creative training to human sensibility.

The Romantic Revival in English poetry is often associated with the work of Wiliam Wordsworth. The movement refers to a renewed interest in Nature and simple life.

We believe the information shared regarding Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English Chapter 5 Story of English Poetry Questions and Answers as far as our knowledge is concerned is true and reliable. In case of any queries or suggestions do leave us your feedback and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility. Bookmark our site to avail latest updates on several state board Solutions at your fingertips.

Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 Book 50 Marks Solutions Unseen Passages for Comprehension Questions and Answers as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapter wise Bihar Board Class 11th English Book Solutions and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

Bihar Board Class 11 English Unseen Passages for Comprehension

PASSAGE NO. 1

Today, India looks like it is on course to join the league of developed nations. It is beginning to establish a reputation not just as the technology nerve centre and back-office to the world but also as its production centre. India’s secularism and democracy serve as a role model for other developing countries. There is great pride in India that easily integrates with a global economy, yet maintains a unique cultural identity.

But what is breathtaking is India’s youth. For despite being an ancient civilization that traces itself to the very dawn of human habitation. India is among the youngest countries in the world. More than half the country is under 25 years of age and more than a third is under 15 years of age.

Brought up in the shadow of the rise of India’s service industry boom, this group feels it can be at least as good as if not better than anyone else in the world. This confidence has them demonstrating a great propensity to consume, throwing away ageing ideas of asceticism and thrift. Even those who do not have enough to consume today feel that they have the capability and opportunity to do so.

The economic activity created by this combination of a growing labour pool and rising consumer demand is enough to propel India to double¬digit economic growth for decades. One Just has to look at the impact that thee baby boomers in the US had over decades of economic activity, as measured by equity and housing prices. This opportunity also represents the greatest threat to India’s future. If the youth of India are not properly educated and if there are not enough jobs created. India will have forever lost its opportunity. There are danger signs in abundance.

Fifty-three per cent of students in primary schools drop out, one-third of children in Class V cannot read, three-quarters of schools do not have a functioning toilet, female literacy is applied 45 per cent and 80 million children in the age group of 6-14 do not even attend school.

India’s IT and BPO industries are engines of job creation, but they still account for only 0.2 per cent of India’s employment. The country has no choice but to dramatically industrialize and inflate its domestic economy. According to a forecast by the Boston Consulting Group, more than half of India’s unemployed within the next decade could be its educated youth. We cannot allow that to happen.

India is stuck in a quagmire of labour laws that hinder employment growth, particularly in the manufacturing sector. Inflexible labour laws inhibit entrepreneurship, so it is quite ironic that laws ostensibly designed to protect labour actually discourage employment.

Answer the following questions briefly :

1. What makes the author think India is on the verge of joining the select band of developed nations? [3]
2. Despite the fact that India is one of the oldest civilizations why does the author say it is young? [3]
3. The author feels that if certain problems are not arrested, India would lose its opportunity. Why would India lose this opportunity? [3]
4. What hinders employment growth? [3]

Answers:

1. India’s self establishment as an important nerve centre of technology and its emergence as a great production centre makes the author think that India is on the verge of joining the select band of developed nations.
2. The author says that despite being one of the oldest civilizations India is young because more than half the country is under 25 years of age and more than a third is under 15 years of age.
3. India would lose its opportunity if the youth of India do not get proper education and if jobs are not created for them.
4. Complex labour laws hinder employment in the manufacturing sector and discourage business industry and employment.

PASSAGE NO. 2

The therapeutic value and healing powers of plants were demonstrated to me when I was a boy of about ten. I had developed an acute persistent abdominal pain that did not respond readily to hospital medication. My mother had taken me to the city’s central hospital on several occasions, where different drugs were tried on me. In total desperation, she took me to Egya Mensa, a well-known herbalist in my home-town in the Western province of Ghana. This man was no stranger to the medical doctors at the hospital He had earned the reputation of offering excellent help when they were confronted with difficult cases where western medicine had failed to effect a cure.

After a brief interview, not very different from what goes on daily in the consulting offices of many general medical practitioners in the United States, he left us waiting in his consulting room while he went out to the field. He returned with several leaves and the bark of a tree and one of his attendants immediately prepared a decoration. I was given a glass of this preparation, it tasted extremely bitter, but within an hour or so I began to feel relieved. The rest of the decoration was put in two large bottles so that I could take doses periodically. Within about three days, the frequent abdominal pains stopped and I recall gaining a good appetite. I have appreciated the healing powers of medicinal plants ever since.

My experience may sound unusual to those who come from urban areas of the developed world, but for those in the less affluent nations, such experiences are a common occurrence. In fact, demographic studies by various national governments and intergovernmental organisations such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) indicate that for 75 to 90 per cent of the rural populations of the world, the herbalist is the only person who handles their medical problems.

In African culture, traditional medical practitioners are always considered to be influential spiritual leaders as well, using magic and religion along with medicines. Illness is handled with the individual’s hidden spiritual powers and with the application of plants that have been found especially to contain healing powers.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions:
(i) Why did the author’s mother take him to Egya Mensa? What did Egya Mensa do? [3]
(ii) What do the WHO demographic studies indicate? [3]
(iii) What is the status of traditional medical practitioners in African culture?
(b) Find words in the above passage which convey similar meaning as the following : [l+i+l=3]
(i) often repeated (para 1)
(ii) pertaining to changes concerning people (para 3)
(iii) rich (para 3)
Answers:
(a) (i) The author’s mother took him to Egya Mensa because different modem drags had failed to cure his abdominal pain. Egya Mensa prepared decoration of several leaves and the bark of a tree. Only a glass of the decoration relieved him of the pain.
(ii) The WHO demographic studies indicate that 75 to 90 per cent of the rural population of the world depends totally on the herbalist for their medical problems.
(iii) In African culture, the status of traditional medical practitioner is very prestigious.
(b)
(i) persistent
(ii) demographic
(iii) affluent

PASSAGE NO. 3

Early automobiles were sometimes only ‘horseless carriages’ powered by gasoline or steam engines. Some of them were so noisy that cities often made laws forbidding their use because they frightened horses.

Many countries helped to develop the automobile. The internal- combustion engine was invented in Austria, and France was an early leader in automobile manufacturing. But it was in the United States after 1900 that the automobile was improved most rapidly. As a large and growing country, the United States needed cars and trucks to provide transportation in places not served by trains.

Two brilliant ideas made possible the mass production of automobiles. An American inventor named Eli Whitney thought of one of them, which is known as ‘standardization of parts’. In an effort to speed up production in his gun factory. Whitney decided that each part of a gun could be made by machines so that it would be exactly like all the others of its kind.

Another American, Henry Ford, developed the idea of the assembly line. Before Ford introduced the assembly line, each car was built by hand. Such a process was, of course, very slow. As a result, automobiles were so expensive that only rich people could afford them. Ford proposed a system in which each worker would have only a portion of the wheels. Another would place the wheels on the car. And still, another would insert the bolts that held the wheels to the car. Each worker needed to learn only one or two routine tasks.

But, the really important part of Ford’s idea was to bring the work to the worker. An automobile frame, which looks like a steel skeleton, was put on a moving platform. As the frame moved past the workers, each worker could attach a single part. When the car reached the end of the line, it was completely assembled. Oil, gasoline and water were added and the car was ready to be driven away. With the increased production made possible by the assembly line, automobiles became much cheaper and more and more people were able to afford them.

Today, it can be said that wheels run America. The four rubber tyres of the automobile move America through work and play.

Even though the majority of Americans would find it hard to imagine what life could be without a car, some have begun to realize that the automobile is a mixed blessing. Traffic accidents are increasing steadily and large cities are plagued by traffic congestion. Worst of all, perhaps, is the air pollution caused by the internal-combustion engine. Every car engine bums hundreds of gallons of fuel each year and pumps hundreds of pounds of carbon monoxide and other gases into the air. These gases are one source of the smog that hangs over large cities. Some of these gases are poisonous and dangerous to health, especially for someone with a weak heart or a respiratory disease.

(a) On the basis of your reading, answer the following questions :
(i) How does the standardisation of parts help make mass production possible? [3]
(ii) How does the assembly line help make mass production possible? [3]
(iii) Why do some Americans call the automobile a mixed blessing? (Two points) [3]
(b) Complete the following with a word or phrase from the reading :
(i) Another idea, developed by Henry Ford was the [1]
(ii) With the increased production made possible by the assembly line, cars [1]
(c) Pick out the words from the passage which are similar in meaning to the following [1]
(i) a mixture of smoke and fo Upara 7)

Answers:
(a) (i) Standardisation of parts helps mass production possible by allowing each part being made by machines so that it is exactly like the others of its kind.
(ii) Assembly line allows a worker to make only a portion and thereby helps mass production possible.
(iii) The Americans call the automobile a mixed blessing because on the one hand it runs America but on the other hand it causes accidents and air pollution.
(b) (i) the moving platform which brought the work to the worker.
(ii) became much cheaper.
(c) (i) smog

PASSAGE NO. 4

Smoking is the major cause of mortality with bronchogenic carcinoma of the lungs and is one of the factors causing death due to malignancies of the larynx, oral cavity, oesophagus, bladder, kidney, pancreas, stomach and uterine cervix and coronary heart diseases.

Nicotine is the major substance present in the smoke that causes physical dependence. The additives do produce damage to the body for example, ammonia can result in a 100-fold increase in the ability of nicotine to enter into the smoke.

Levulinic acid, added to cigarettes to mask the harsh taste of the nicotine, can increase the binding of nicotine to brain receptors, which increases the ‘kick’ of nicotine.

Smoke from the burning end of a cigarette contains over 4000 chemicals and 40 carcinogens. It has long been known that tobacco smoke is carcinogenic or cancer-causing.

The lungs of smokers collect an annual deposit of 1 to 1 Vi pounds of the gooey black material, Invisible gas phase of cigarette smoke contains nitrogen, oxygen and toxic gases like carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, acrolein, hydrogen cyanide and nitrogen oxides. These gases are poisonous and in many cases interfere with the body’s ability to transport oxygen.

Like many carcinogenic compounds, they can act as tumour promoters or tumour initiators by acting directly on the genetic make-up of cells of the body leading to the development of cancer.

During smoking within the first 8-10 seconds, nicotine is absorbed through the lungs and quickly ‘moved’ into the bloodstream and circulated throughout the brain. Nicotine can also enter the bloodstream through the mucous membranes that line the mouth (if tobacco is chewed) or nose (if snuff is used) and even through the skin. Our brain is made of billions of nerve cells. They communicate with each other by chemical messengers called neurotransmitters.

Nicotine is one of the most powerful nerve poisons and binds stereo-selectively to nicotinic receptors located in the brain, autonomic ganglia, the medulla, neuro-muscular junctions. Located throughout the brain, they play a critical role in cognitive processes and memory?

The nicotine molecule is shaped like a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine which is involved in many functions including muscle movement, breathing, heart-rate, learning and memory. Nicotine, because of

(i) Smoking is the major cause of mortality because it causes cancer in various parts of the body like the lungs, the mouth, the larynx, etc. It also causes the blockage of arteries resulting in heart diseases.
(ii) Nicotine in a cigarette makes the people addicted to it because it causes physical dependence.
(iii) Neurotransmitters are actually chemical messengers which help millions of nerve cells to communicate with one another.
(iv) Nicotine produces toxic effects by attaching itself to the acetylcholine sites of the brain.

PASSAGE NO. 5

I stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map. I had expected to be near my objective by now, but everything still seemed alien to me. I was only five when my father had taken; me abroad, and that was eighteen years ago. When my mother had died after a tragic accident, he did not quickly recover from the shock of loneliness. Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound. So he decided to emigrate. In the new country, he became absorbed in making a new life for the two of us so that he gradually ceased to grieve. He did not marry again and I was brought up without a woman’s care, but I lacked for nothing for he was both father and mother to me. He always meant to go back one day, but not to stay. His roots and mine had become too firmly embedded in the new land. But he wanted to see the old folk again and to visit my mother’s grave. He became mortally ill a few months before we had planned to go and when he knew that he was dying, he made me promise to go on my own.

I hired a car the day after landing and bought a comprehensive book of maps, which I found most helpful on the cross country journey, but which I did not think I should need on the last stage. It was not that I actually remembered anything at all. But my father had described over and over again what we should see every milestone, after leaving the nearest town, so that I was positive I should recognize it is familiar territory. Well, I had been wrong, for I was now lost.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions:
(i) Why did the author’s father emigrate? [3]
(ii) Why did the author not feel the absence of his mother after her death? [3]
(iii) Why did the author’s father want to go back to his old village? [3]
(iv) Why had the author come back to the land of his birth? [3]
Answers:
(a) (i) After the death of the author’s mother in an accident, the author’s father suffered from the shock of loneliness. Everything around him reminded him of her presence and memories. So he migrated.
(ii) The author did not feel the absence of his mother after her death because his father played the role of his mother also.
(iii) The author’s father wanted to go back to his old village because he wanted to see the old folk again and visit his wife’s grave.
(iv) The author came back to the land of his birth because he had promised his dying father to do so.

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Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 Book 50 Marks Solutions Poem 7 The Soldier Questions and Answers as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapter wise Bihar Board Class 11th English Book Solutions and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Poem 7 The Soldier

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Bihar Board 12th English The Soldier Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why is the poet thinking of death ?
Answer:
The poet fighting in a foreign field of battle is pinning for home. It is the grim possibility of death away from home, rather than death as such, that is so agonising.

Question 2.
Where is he now ?
Answer:
He is now in a foreign land.

Question 3.
Where is his home ?
Answer:
His home is England.

Question 4.
If he should die, where will he be buried ? What words tell you ?
Answer:
If he dies in a battle, he will lie in his grave in a foreign land. The grave he tells us, will be filled with the spirit of a true so of England.

Question 5.
Has a place been set apart for his burial ? What words tell you ?
Answer:
His burial place will be in a comer of strange land far from home.

Question 6.
How can some corner in a foreign land be forever England ? Explain in 70-75 words.
Answer:
The poet feels that the day is not far off when he will die on a battle field far from home. Even then he will cherish his love for England in his heart of hearts. Indeed, that comer of the foreign land where he will be buried, will become a part of England. It will be a strip of England as it will cover the remains of an English patriot, a patriot who will cherish his love for England even in death.

Question 7.
What is the human body mode of ?
Answer:
The human body is made of five elements e.g. dust, air, watr, heat & sky.

Question 8.
Where was the soldier bom and brought up ? What words tell you about his gradual growth ?
Answer:
The solider was bom and brought up in England. It was England that gave him the breath of life, the sense to feel, flowers to love and roads to roam about. So long as he lived, he breathed English air bathed in the water of English rivers and warmed himself in the cheerful eyes of the sun of home.

Question 9.
Look at the phrase her sights and sounds in line 12. What sights and sounds are actually meant
Answer:
The sights and sounds of Nature that delighted the poet in England, in his youth are actually meat here.

Question 10.
Decide what kind of life indoor or outdoor, the soldier as a growing child was fond. What words tell you ?
Answer:
The soldier as a growing child was fond of flowers. English air, swimming in rivers and being blessed by suns of home ?

Question 11.
How will the soldier’s presence be felt after his death ?
Answer:
The young soldier is a noble son of England and loves his country passionately. He feels that he will carry his love of England, his English memories, feeling and emotions wherever he may be. If he, dies and lies buried in a foreign country he will cherish his love for England even in death. May his very spirit will be filled with the love of England as the spirit hovers in the silent air. That is why even that comer of a foreign field where he will live buried, will for ever be England, as it will hold he remains of an English patriot.

Thus the solider’s presence will be felt after his death.

Question 12.
Give a critical appreciation or acquaintance of the poem.
Or, Show that you have read and understood the poem,’ ‘The Soldier”.
Or, Show your acquaintance with the poem “The Soldier”.
Or, Critically appreciate the poem “The Soldier”.
Answer:
“The Soldier” is one of the very few patriotic poems of English literature composed by Rupert Brooke. It is as forecefull as inspiring. It is ‘sonner’ consisting of fourteen lines and whirling around one central theme The theme of this sonnet is patriotic sacrifices of a true soldier.

It may be recalled here that the poet was himself an active soldier and he laid down his life in a foreign land while fighting for his motherland. So the whole poem seems to be a preface to his own life, and the feeling expressed here are depictive of his own life, as if he knew that he would have to die in a foreign land. So the very first lines. “If I should die” shakes the hearts of the readers who know the tragic end that he had to meet,

(i) The poet has expressed his gratitude for the nation where he was bom and brought up.
(ii) He feels and wants his country men to feel that even the foreign lands where a soldier dies, become a part of the mother nation because the dust of the bodies of the soldiers was of the mother nation. That dust is so far more purer and dearer than the dust of the foreign lands where the soldier dies and is buried.
(iii) He also feels like we Indians do, that it is only body that dies, not the soul. The soul remains and watches everything from the universe.

As a matter of fact, Indian mythological interpretation of life and death the immortality of soul as preached by lord Krishna in his GITA. Influence and inspired many great poets and writers of the 20th century England; Y. B. Yeats and Rupert Brooke are being amongst them.

The style is very simple and lucid. The expression is too clear and pentrative. Although it does not bear much of music value, but music is not “The AH” in a good poem. Really it is one of the very few war sonnets with immense death of thought and patriotic feelings.

The Soldier Word Meanings

Corner = कोना । dust = धूल | roam = घूमना । pulse = नब्ज I etarnal = शाश्वत । thoughts = विचार ।

The Soldier Paraphrase

1. If I should …………….. of home.

The poet who is an active solider in the war field, wants that if he died in action fight up for the cause of nation on a foreign land his country men should feel that the foreign land where he is buriedsa a part of the same mother land where he was bom. The dust of the dead body is richer than the dust of the foreign land where he is buried. ‘The dust of the soldier’s body was of England. He got his awareness; (his soul) from that land. The flowers of love that he got in life were of England. He roamed on the streets of that country breathed the air of his motherland, took wash in the rivers there and got the bliss of the home, lands and sun. Precisely speaking what every physical or mental existence he has is the gift of his motherland as he is bom and brought up there.

2. And think …………….. heaven.

Further the poet expresses that if he dies heroically fighting for the nation all the sins that he might have committed will be washed away and his heart will be pure. That purer heart will become a part of the Eternal mind (After death soul becomes a part of God). That ever existing soul will always remain watchful to the motherland. It will constantly enjoy the motherland’s sights, hear its sounds and will dream for it. It will enjoy the laughter and gentleness that the soldier had learnt from his friends during his life time. The soldier’s heart will live in peace the heaven of England for all time.

The Soldier About the Poet

Rupert Brooke (1887-1915) is one of the foremost names among the poets of 20th century. He shall always be remembered specially for his war and patriotic poems.

Brooke was the son of a Rugby master and spent his early life in affluence. He got his early education at Rugby school and later at king’s College Cambridge. He took active part in the first world war of 1914 and then travelled extensively in North America and South Seas. He died in 1915 in the Mediterranean where he was buried at Scyros.

Brooke won the hearts of his fellow country men with his patriotic poems along with his patriotic life. He lived and died for his nation. “Colected Poems”, 1914 Group of Sonnets and his letters sent from Amercan and published in the English magazines of U.K. won him world-wide applause.

The Soldier Introduction

The poem “Solider” is a monologue in which the poet; being himself an active solider and fighting for his nation in a far off land, sings his own song; talks of his own sacrifice and wants the people of country to believe that or true soldier fighting and laying down his life, never dies. He becomes immortal and where ever he dies, the place becomes a part of his nation.

The Soldier Summary in Hindi

रॉबर्ट ब्रोक द्वारा रचित कविता ‘सैनिक’ है जो इंगलैंड के सबसे सुन्दर युवक था । कवि ने यह कहा कि जब वह मरेंगे उनके शव को इंगलैंड की जमीन पर एक कोने में जगह दे दिया जाए जिससे वह उसी सरजमीन पर रहे । जब युद्ध शुरू हो तो हवा सब कुछ अपने अन्दर छुपा ले और पानी उन सभी को बहा दे जो दूसरों के ऊपर अपना राज करना चाहते हैं । वे चाहते थे कि वे जब रास्ते पर चलने लगे तो उनके लिए अनजान हो कोई प्यार से उन्हें रास्ता दिखाये । वे नहीं चाहते थे कि उनके दिमाग में कुछ भी आये जो राष्ट्र के लिए बेकार हो । वे एक शान्तिपूर्ण देश चाहते थे । वे चाहते थे कि कोई भी देश एक-दूसरे को मत मारे । वे इंगलैंड की भूमि को अपने आप के लिए स्वर्ग के समान मानते थे ।

The Soldier Summary in English

In the poem a true soldier (A true solider fights and dies for the sake of his nation, not for money) humbly express what he exactly wants. He is fighting for his nation in a foreign country. But if he dies there, he wants his country men to feel that thy foreign country where he died and is buried is not exactly “foreign”. It is a part of England : because the body, soul and everything that the soldier had, were bom and brought up in England. The valuable dust of the poet’s body is the dust of England.

The poet express his gratitude to England, his mother land. He is proud of having been bom there. The air that he breathed; the rivers that he bathed into, food clothes and all the things that are essential for a man’s existence came from his mother land. He is indebted to England for any and everything that he has.

After death, his heart becomes a part of the great power that governs that universe. It has become purer because all the sins that he might have done are washed away for the virtuous patriotic death that he died. But even after death and becoming physically inexistant, spiritually he remains with his nation He sees it, feels and hears its sound. His thoughts are the same that he got from his mother land. Mildness and moderateness of character that are the essential qualities of a true Englishman, are still there.

In this way the author very nicely depicts the virtues of a true soldier that are patriotic feelings. He is with the nation even after his death in short a true soldier never dies and his country men should realise his values and sacrifices for all the time to come.

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Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 Book Solutions Story of English Chapter 1 How English Began Questions and Answers as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapter wise Bihar Board Class 11th English Book Solutions and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

Rainbow English Book Class 11 Solutions Story of English Chapter 1 How English Began

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Bihar Board Class 11 English How English Began Textual Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Complete the statements given below

(a) English language is ………………. than Persian. [B.M.2009 (A)]
(b) English we speak today has come from ………………. of ………………. tribe. [B.M.2009 (A)]
(c) The Anglo saxon were ………………. people. [B.M.2009 (A)]
(d) Through ………………. English belongs to the ancient ………………. family of languages. [BM.2009(A)]
Answers:
(a) English language is much younger than Persian
(b) English we speak today has come from the speech of the Germanic tribe.
(c) The Anglo-Saxon were Germanic People.
(d) Through Germanic English belongs to the ancient Indo-European family of languages.

Answer these questions very briefly :

Question 1.
Who did the natives of English call Saxons?
Answer:
The natives of England called the Germanic invaders as Saxons.

Question 2.
What did the saxons call the natives of England ?
Answer:
The saxons called the natives of England ‘Wealas’ or foreigners.

Question 3.
What languages were called “English” ? [B.M. 2009 (A)]
Answer:
The languages germanic or teutonic which were closely related to Latin, Greek, Sanskrit and other languages of the Indo-European family (or group) of languages.

Question 4.
When did the name England come into us? Which word did it replace.
Answer:
From about AD 1000, the name England came into existence and use. It came into use in place of Anglecynrt.

Question 5.
Write a brief note how English began. [B.M. 2009 (A)]
Answer:
The English we speak today has developed from the speech of the three Germanic tribes called “Angels”, “Saxons” ad “Jutes”, These three tribes are popularly known as the Anglo-Saxon. These tribes attacked England in the fifth century and gave the country its name and its language. The world “English” has been developed from the name Au gels (Old English, “Engle”).

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Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 Book 50 Marks Solutions Precis Writing Questions and Answers as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapter wise Bihar Board Class 11th English Book Solutions and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

Bihar Board Class 11 English Precis Writing

1. Make a precis of the following passage giving a suitable title. [7 Marks]

The problem that confronts most of us is whether the individual is merely the instrument of society or the aid of society. Are you and I as individuals to be used, directed, educated, controlled, shaped as a certain pattern by society and government or does society, the state, exist for the individual? Is the individual the end of society or is he merely a puppet to be taught, exploited, butchered as an instrument of war? That is the problem of the world-whether the individual is a mere instrument of society, a plaything of influences to be moulded or whether society exists for the individual.

How are you going to find this out? It is a serious problem, is it not? If the individual is merely an instrument of society, then society is much more important than the individual. If that is true, then we must give up individuality and work for society, our whole educational system must be entirely revolutionized and the individual turned into an instrument to be used and destroyed. But if society exists for the individual, then the function of society is not to make him conform to any pattern but to give him the feel, the urge of freedom. So, we have to find out which is false. [ 213 words ]

PRECIS
Title: The Individual and the Society

Most of us are confused about the role and function of the individual and the society, whether the individual is instrument or the aid of the society and government. Whether the individual is a mere instrument of society or society exists for the individual is a universal problem. If society is more important then individuality can’t exist, but if society exists for the individual then it must give him the feeling of freedom. [ 72 words ]

2. Make a precis of the following passage giving a suitable title. [7 Marks]

Why is society crumbling, as it surely is? One of the fundamental reasons is that the individual, you, has ceased to be creative. It will explain what I mean. You and I have become imitative; we are copying outwardly and inwardly. Outwardly, when learning techniques, when communicating with each other on the verbal level, naturally there must be some imitation, copy. I copy words. To become an engineer I must leam the technique, the use the technique to build a bridge. There must be a certain amount of imitation, copying in outward technique, but when there is inward psychological imitation, surely we cause to be creative. Our education, our social structure, our so-called religious life, are all based on imitation, that is, I fit into a particular social or religious formula. I have ceased to be a real individual.

PRECIS
Title: Individuals and Society Are interrelated

The fundamental reason of the society being broken is loss of its creativeness. We have become imitative, outwardly while learning and communicating a technique. An engineer learns the technique and use it building a bridge. Being imitative inwardly we cease to be creative and a real citizen.

3. Make a precis of the following passage giving a suitable title. [7Marks]

All the great religious teachers of mankind have assisted on this: that man ought not to live for themselves alone. We ought .not, they have said, to spend all our time and energy in getting just what we want for ourselves, power and money and importance in die world, we ought to serve something greater than ourselves, whether a god or a cause or our fellowmen. It is by serving this something greater than men will forget themselves and so achieve happiness. This or something like it is what the great religions have taught, and it is one of the most important of the things that civilization means. It is also the hardest to learn and practise. In fact, most people have found if much too hard.

PRECIS
Title: Teaching of great religions

All the great religious teachers of mankind insisted to serve something greater than to spend our time and energy on our wants. Though it is hardest to learn and which great religions have taught to achieve happiness and what civilization means. [42words]

4. Make a precis of the following passage giving a suitable title. [7Marks]

Educated women have to play the role of teachers. An educated lady can serve the country in the humble capacity of a teacher. The education of children depends mainly upon women. They can teach as well as amuse. They can do research work in art, literature, philosophy and science. We are fortunate in having very intelligent girls *who are anxious to have training in foreign countries. They are being given a scholarship by the Government of India and many of them have proceeded to western countries and have made their mark as educationists. Women can also render social service whenever there is flood, famine, earthquake or some natural calamity. It is also during the war that they can be of utmost utility to their nation. In free India ladies are being given training in first aid, use of gun and rifles and some of them are getting training as drivers and pilots. The defence of the country is a matter of great importance to all arid women should share the burden with men. [ 172 words ]

PRECIS
Title: The Role of Educated Women

Educated women serve the nation in many ways, by educating children, undertaking research work in art, literature, philosophy, science and higher education in foreign countries. They can render social services in natural calamities like flood, famine and earthquake. During the war their utmost contribution to the nation is the job of first aid, nursing, pilot and many other activities. [ 58 words ]

5. Make a precis of the following passage giving a suitable title. [7 Marks]

Human life consists of a succession of small events, each of which is comparatively unimportant and yet the happiness and success of every man; depends upon the manner in which these small events are dealt with. Character is built upon little things—little things well and honourably transacted. The ‘success of a man in business depends upon the attention to little things. The comfort of a household is the result of small things well-arranged. Good government can only be accomplished in the same way by well-regulated provisions for the doing of little things.

Accumulation of knowledge and experience of the most valuable kind is the result of little bits of knowledge and experience carefully treasured up. Those who learn nothing or accumulate nothing in life are set down as failures because they have neglected little things. They may themselves consider | that the world has gone against them but, in fact, they have been their own enemies. [ 156 words ]

PRECIS
Title: Way of Success

Though small-events in human life are unimportant, still the happiness and ( success of every man and the good government depends on the manners of its dealings. Those who remain without accumulation of knowledge and experience, in life are set-down as failures because of neglecting little-things. They become ’ disillusioned, but really they have been their own enemies. – [55 words]

6. Make a precis of the following passage giving a suitable title. [7Marks]

I Today our society abounds with persons, who are mad after their own interest. In Sarvodaya, however, one has to be solicitous of other’s interest. I Man’s nature will have to be changed. Values of life will have to be re-valued. For, if the individual does not change even if exploitation is put out once, it will reappear afterwards. This is a high ideal no doubt, but is capable of being attained. That can be done by making a beginning somewhere.

Bhoodan is the process whereby we can reach this goal. The land problem is a problem that affects crores of people. Hence, the Bhoodan movement makes a direct appeal to the masses and would inevitably cast its influence on their approach and way to life. [ 124 words ]

PRECIS
Title: Sarvodaya and Bhoodan

Persons and after their own interest become desirous of other’s interest in “Sarvodaya”. High-ideals will appear in revalue of life. Bhoodan solves land-problem by making direct appeal to the masses which would inevitably casts its influence on their way to life. [ 41 words ]

7. Make a precis of the following passage giving a suitable title. [TMarks]

Kiran was a universal favourite with her family and neighbours, so that when she fall seriously ill they were all anxious. The wise villagers thought it shameless for the husband to make so much fuss about a mere wife and even to suggest a change of air and asked if shared supposed that no woman had, ever been ill before or whether he had found out that the folk of the place to l which he meant to take her were immortal. Did he imagine that the write to fate did not mn there ? But Sharat and his mother turned a deaf ear to them thinking that the life of .their darling was of greater importance than the united wisdom of a village. So Sharat went to Chander Nagar, and Kiran recovered though she was still very weak. There was a pinch look on her face which filled the beholders with pity, and made their heart tremble, as they thought how narrowly she had escaped death. [ 180 words ]

PRECIS
Title: Kiran’s Illness

Popular Kiran’s serious illness grieved her relations and neighbours. Her husband Sharat, desired her climatic change but the so-called wise villagers opposed the idea as foolish and shameless, but to her husband and mother-in¬law, her life was dearer than villager’s opinion. Therefore, they took her to Chander Nagar where she recovered, although still look weak. She had a narrow escape from death. [60 words ]

8. Make a precis of the following passage giving a suitable title. [7 Marks]

If today I have a quarrel with another man, I do not get beaten merely because I am physically weaker and he can knock me down. I go to law, and the law will decide as fairly as it can between the two of us. Thus, in disputes between man and man, right has taken the place of might. Moreover, the law protects me from robbery and violence. Nobody may come and break into my house, steal my goods, or run off with my children. Of course, there are burglars, but they are very rare, and the laws punishes them whenever it catches them.

It difficult for us to realise how much this safety means. Without safety those high activities of making which make up civilization could not go on. The inventor could not invent, the scientist find out or the artist make beautiful things. [ 146 words ]

PRECIS
Title: The law of the land

In case of a quarrel, law protects physically weaker person, by deciding faily. Nobody can dare to steal my goods or run-off with my children. Civilization made up of higher activities of mankind is meaningless without safety. The inventors could not invent, the scientist find out or the artist make beautiful things. [ 50 words ]

9. Make a precis of the following passage giving a suitable title. [7 Marks]

The very abundance of books, an increasing and confusing abundance in our days, makes it important to know how to choose’promptly and judiciously among them if one is not to spend as much time in the mere choice as in the perusal of the books that are selected. On this subject the first advice I venture to submit is to secure and to read only the best books. There are plenty of them, far more than you will ever find time to read. And when a wide range of excellent works is so readily obtainable, it is surely unfortunate to waste valuable minutes on any others. You may ask what I mean by best books. Passing by for the moment those publications which in each of the great languages of the world we call classics, I mean by the best books those from which you receive most, and can carry away most in the form of either knowledge or stimulation. [ 160 words ]

PRECIS
Title: Choice of Books

Innumerable books are published now-a-days. Naturally, there is no time to read even the best ones which are available in large numbers, One should, therefore, read only the best books and not to spend much time in perusal of the books. Besides classic best books are those that give maximum of wisdom and inspiration. [ 54 words ]

10. Makea precisofthefollowingpasage giving a suitable title. [7 marks]

Now Jumman had an old relation, a material aunt. who had some property. This she transferred to him by a deed on the understanding that she would be well-looked after. So long as the deed remained unregistered, none was so obliging to the old lady as her review none so considerate to her. Her every wish was anticipated and carefully carried out. But everything changed the moment the deed was registered. Jumman wh6 used to wit dotingly on his old aunt now become supremely indifferent. His wife. chairman, went even further. She grudged even the little food that the old lady ate. No meal was now served to her without chairman letting loose a barber two dipped in gall or position. [123 words]

PRECIS
Title: Ingratitude

Jumman had an old aunt. She had some property. She gave it to Jumman on assurance that he would maintain her. Before the registration he was hospitable to her but after registration he requested her. His wife’s treatment was worse. [ 40 words ]

11. Make a precis of the following passage giving a suitable title. [7 Marks]

The cinema is an outstanding wonder of this modem age. Apart from the great pleasure it gives us, it is a means of entertainment. It is in many ways, an education in itself, and no regular patron of the cinema can ever be called illiterate. The cinema is also a very valuable asset to educationists in imparting knowledge. The fdm companies, from time to time, produce historical pictures, and-these pictures are of great assistance to the teacher of history. A couple of hours spent in the company of historical personages dressed in the proper dress of the period can teach us far more than we can learn from a whole week’s browsing in a history textbook. Even some of Shakespeare’s dramas and comedies have been filmed and we thereby gain a much better idea of the play than would be possible from a casual reading of it. [ 146 words ]

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