Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Idioms and Phrases

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Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Idioms and Phrases

(परीक्षाओं में प्रायः पूछे गए phrases का संकलन)

प्रयोग के अनुसार phrase कई प्रकार के होते हैं –

1. जो phrase noun का काम करते हैं, वे noun phrase कहलाते हैं। इनका प्रयोग subject, object या complement के समान होता है। जैसे –

He has seen many ups and down in life.
Birds of a feather flock together.

2. जो phrase adjective का काम करते हैं वे adjective phrase कहलाते हैं । वे noun या pronoun की विशेषता बताते हैं। जैसे –
I dislike your hole-and-corner policy (secret policy – गुप्त नीति)

3. जो phrase verb का काम करते हैं, वे verbal phrase कहलाते हैं । जैसे –

To be about-To be engaged in (व्यस्त होना, व्यस्त रहना)- What is he about ? (वह किस काम में व्यस्त है ?)
To be after-to desire (प्राप्ति की इच्छा करना)- What is he after ? What does he want to have ?

4. जो phrase adverb का काम करते हैं वे adverbial phrase कहलाते हैं। जैसे-
He left the city bag and baggage.
He threw himself into the work heart and soul.

Note – विद्यार्थी अक्सर भूल से ‘bags and baggage’ के पहले या ‘heart and soul’ के पहले ‘with’ का प्रयोग करते हैं। उन्हें यह ख्याल रखना चाहिए कि ‘bag and baggage’

का अर्थ ही होता है ‘with all belongings’, उसी प्रकार ‘heart and soul’ का अर्थ होता है ‘with all heart’.

5. जो phrase preposition का काम करते हैं वे prepositional phrase कहलाते हैं। Prepositional phrase के बाद सदा noun या pronoun का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –
He is superior to me in point of age.

6. जो phrase conjunction का काम करते हैं वे conjunctional phrase कहलाते हैं।
जैसे – He fled away as soon as he saw the police.

7. जो phrase interjection का काम करते हैं ये interjectional phrase कहलाते हैं।
जैसे – Woe to me ! Well done !

Some Noun Phrase in Common Use

A lame excause – unsatisfactory (असन्तोषजनक बहना) – Headache is a lame excuse for absence.
A man of letters – a scholar (बिद्वान आदमी) – Radhakrishna was man of letter.
A man of spirit – courageous (उत्साही आदमी) – Shivaji was a man of spirit.
All in all (सर्वसर्वा)- The headmaster is all in all in the school.
Bed of roses – comfortable place (सुखद स्थान) – A thorn is not a bed of roses.
Hue and cry – noise (हल्ला – गुल्ला) – The villagers raised a hue and cry at the sight of the robbers.
Ins and outs – details (सभी बातें) – I know the ins and outs of the matter.
Jack of all trades – One who knows something of eveything (हरफन मोला) – A Jack of all trades is generally the master of none.
Pros and cons – Everything in favour of or against (पक्ष एवं विपक्ष की सभी बातें) – I thought over the pros and cons of the matter.
Ups and downs – rise and fall (उस्थान और पतन) – He has seen may ups and downs in his life.
Up and doing – busy, active (व्यस्त,फुर्तीला) – One should be always up and doing.

Some Adjective Phrases in Common Use

At sixes and sevens – in a disorderly manner (अवयव स्थित दशा में) – He keeps his books at sixes and sevens.
High and low – everywhere (हर जगह) – He searched for his cycle high and low.
In black and white – in writing (लिखित रूप) – Give your statement (en) in black and white.
In vogue – in force (प्रचलित) – Purda system is still vogue among the Muslims.
Null and void – Invalid (बेकार,नाजायज) – The old rules becomes mull and void when are replaced by new ones.
Right or wrong – whether the action is right or wrong (उचित हो या अनुचित) – I must do it, right or wrong.

Slow and steady (धीमा और अविचल व्यक्त) Slow and steady wins the race.
Through thick and thin – through difficult and easy obstacles (कठिनाईयों में) – My friend has helped me through thick and thin.

Some Adverbial Phrases in Common Use

Above all – before any other consideration (सर्वपरि) -Above all, be careful about your studies.
After all-in spite of every fact to the contrary (सब कुछ विपरीत होते हुए भी) – After all, he is a good man. (यद्यपि उसमें कुछ दोष है, फिर भी वह अच्छा आदमी है)
Again and again इन तीनों phrases का एक ही अर्थ है
Over and over again These three phrases mean ‘very often’ ‘बार – बार’
Time and again – Boys should pronounce difficult words time and again.
As a matter of fact – really (वात्सव में) – He lives in a fine style, but as a matter of fact, he is mean fellow.
As far as (जहाँ तक) – As far as I know, he is an honest man.
As it were – मानो (यह adverbial clause है) – A teacher is, as it were, the father of a child.
Asif – मानो – यह conjunctional phrase है । As if के बाद subject और verb से बना हुआ clause लिखना आवश्यक है ।
Sometimes she weeps and sometimes she laughts, as if she were mad.
At all-in the least (जरा भी)- Negative sentence को जोरदार बनाने के लिए बहुधा इसका प्रयोग होता है He does not read at all.
At once- immediately (शीग्र) – He came at once.
At present – (वर्तमान समय में) – At present he is living in Bihar.
At random – without any aim (बिना लक्ष्य के) – He fired at random.
By and by – after an interval; after a time (कुछ समय के बाद) – You will feel better by and by.
By far- decidedly (निशचित रूप से) – He is by far the best in the class.
By all means – in every possible wasy (हर तरीकेसे) – Do it by all means.
By no means in no way (किसी भी तरह से नहीं) – You can, by no means. take away my cycle.
By the by incidentally (किसी भी बात के सिलसिले में अचानक) – by the by our English teacher told us something about planets and stars.
Hither and thither – to and fro (इधर – उधर) – A mad man was moving hither and thither on the road.
Far and away beyound all comparison; decidedly (निर्व्वाद रूप से) – He is far and away the best speaker in the province
Far and wide/Far and near – इन दोनों phrases का एक ही अर्थ है – everywhere (सर्वत्र)
His fame spread far and wide.
He searched for his lost son far and near.
For good and all – for ever (सदा के लिए) – The Englishman left India for good and all.
Heart and soul – whole – heartedly (दिल और जान से) – He threw himself into the work heart and soul.
In fact – really (वास्तव में) – He weres a fine look, but in fact he is a rogue.
In the long run – eventually (अंततोगत्वा) – You will succeed in the long run.
In time, at proper time, not late (ठीक समय पर) – We should go to school in time.
In vain – with no tangible result (निष्फल) – He laboured hard to pass the examination but in vain.
Little by little gradually (धीरे – धीरे) – He is progressing little by little.
Now and then- occasionally (बहुध) – He comes to my house now & then.
Of course, naturally (जैसा स्वाभाविक है) – He failed at the examination and, of course, he was sorry for it.
Off and on – irregularly (अनियमित रूप से कभी – कभी) – He read English off and on.
On and on- continuously, regularly (नियमित रूप से लगातार) – He worked on and on for many years.
Once for all (सदा के लिए) – I tell you once for all that you should never smoke again.
On the contrare rather (प्रत्युक इसके विपरीत) – I do not admire him; on the contrary I hate him. इसका प्रयोग Conjunction की तरह भी होता है।
On the whole – (taking everything into consideration (वस्तुत सब प्रकार से) – on the whole, he appears to be a good man (considering all his merits and demerits he appears to be a good man)
One and all – apeveryone (सभी) – One and all did not accept this leadership.
Over and above – in addition to; besides (अतिरिक्त) – He lost his book and was beaten over and above for his carelessness. इसका प्रयोग Prepositional Phrase की तरह भी होता है Over and above what he lost, he was beaten for his carelessness.
Over and over again – same as ‘again and again’.
So far as (जहाँ तक) – So far as I know, he is poor,
Sooner or later-eventually (कालक्रम से) – A thief will be caught sooner or later.
The other day – not long ago – इसका प्रयोग भूतकाल में होता है इसका अर्थ है ‘कुछ दिन पहले, हाल ही में किसी दिन अभी – अभी उसी दिन’ – He came to my house the other day.
Time and again-Same as ‘again and again’.
Through and through – fully (पूर्णतया) – He read the book through and through. He was drenched through and through.
To and frombackward and forward (आगे पीछे) – He was moving to & fro.

Some Adverbial Phrases (Idioms with Adverbs)

As usual (पहले जैसा) – The train was late today as usual.
At any rate (किसी भी हालत में) – It is bad; at Any rate, not good.
At times (कभी – कभी)- Even a sinner feels ashamed of himself at time.
At most (अधिक – से – अधिक) – I can give you at most ten rupees.
Far and near (Far and wide) (सर्वत्र) – This news has spread far and near (far and wide).
For long (बहुत दिनों तक) – A good man is remembered for long.
Once again or, over again or, once more (एक बार और) – Can you do it once again (over again, once more).

Prepositional Phrases (Idioms with Preposition)

By way of (रूप में) – I told you by way of advice.
In keeping with (मेल से) Your action should be in keeping with your speech.
In accord with (अनुसार,समान) – Your news is not in accord (accordance) with us.
In harmony with (मेल से, सौहार्दपूर्ण)- Your attitude is not in harmony with us.
In agreement with (अनुकूल, एकमत)- What can I do if he does not act in agreement with me.
In search of (खोज में)- I am in search of knowledge.
In proportion to (अनुपात में) – He is not paid in proportion to his labour.
On the eve of (कुछ पहले)We had a dinner on the eve of the Pujas.
On the ground of (आधार पर) – You are excused on the gound of ignorance
Owing to (कारण से), He is absent owing to his illness.
With an eye to (ध्यान में रखकर), Let us work with an eye to future.

Some Verbal Phrases in Common Use

To be after – tobe in pursuit of (किसी वस्तु की प्राप्ति के फेर में रखना) – What is he after ? (वह किसी चीज़ की प्राप्ति केलिए परेशान है ?)
To be at home in to be expert in (निपुण होना) – He is quite at home in English.
To be at home to be at ease (घर की तरह आराम से रहना – I am quite at home in his house.
To be at large – to be free from restraint (बंदनामुख्त होना) – His dog is chained in the daytime, but it is at large in the night.
To be in fault – to be guilty (दोषी होना) The accused was in fault.
To be at fault – to be puzzled (घबड़ा जाना) – My memory was in fault, so I could not recite the poem correctly.
To bring out – to publish (प्रकाशित करना) – The Anjana Prakashan of Patna will bring out its new edition next year.
To cut short (काम होना) – His life was cut short due to cholera.
To come across – happen to meet or find by chance (अचानक मुलाक़ात होना, अचानक पा जाना) – I came across an old friend of mine in the park.
To fall short of – to become less (काम होना) – His income falls short of his expenditure. (उसकी आमदनी खर्च से काम है)
To fall flat on – to have to effect (प्रभाव नहीं डालना) – His speech fell flat on the audience.
To get rid of –to be free from (छुटकारा पाना) – A man can get rid of temptations (प्रलोभन) by practising virtue (सद्गुण).
To get by heart – to memorize (याद करना) – You must get you lesson by heart.
To hold good to be applicable to (लागू होना) – This rule holds good in this case.
To look down upon – to look with contempt (घृणा की दृष्टी से देखना) – We should not look down upon the poor.
To make room – to accommodate (स्थान देना) – The gentleman moved a little and made room for me in the compartment.
To pur up with (सहना) – I cannot put up with such an insult.
To run short-to be exhausted (घाट जाना) – Food ran short in my house.
To take care of -to be careful (सावधान होना) – Take care of your money, otherwise you will repent.
To take hold of – to catch (पकड़ना) -The police took hold of the robbers in the den.
To take place to happen (होना) – His marriage will take place tommorrow.
Attend to (ध्यान देना)-You must attend to your work.
Blow out (फुंक कर बुजाना) – Blow out the candle.
Break away (भाग जाना) – I saw the thief but he broke away.
Breaks in (ट्रैनिंग देना) – He breaks in his horse.
Break into (अचानक) – A thief broke into my house.
Bring forth (जन्म देना)-Trees bring forth new leaves in spring.
Bring up (पालन पोषण होना या किया जाना) – I was brought up by my mother.
Call in (बुला भेजना) – Call in a doctor at once.
Call up (याद करना) – I cannot call up that old incident.
Carry on (आगे बढ़ना) – It is useless to carry on this business.
Deals in (व्यापार करना) – The merchant deals in rice.
Dwells in (रहना निवास करना) – He dwells in a dirty house.
To fall in (एक ख़तार में खड़ा होना) Boys were asked to.
Fall out (झगड़ा करना)Sometimes even fast friends fall out.
Fall flat (असर ना होना) – All my appeals fell flat on the mob.
Get over (विजय पाना) – I got over the difficulty at last.
Give up (पूर्ण रूप से छोड़ना) – One must give up bad habits.
Give way (गिर जाना) – The house gave way during rain.
Go through (सभी संकटों का सामान करना) – I am prepared to go through fire and water to help my friend.

Hanker after (for) (तीव्र इच्छा , आकांक्ष होना) – He always hankers after (for) money.
Held in (रोख कर रखा जाना) – The spirited horse was held in.
Keep off (अलग करना) – Keep off bad company.
Look into (जांच करना) – He is looking into the case.
Look after (देखभाल करना) – A mother looks after her children.
Make up (i) (पूरा करना) – The enemy was asked to make up.
(ii) (तय करना) – You should make up your mind soon.
Put off (i) (स्थागित करना) – Don’t put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
(b) The meeting was put off.
(ii) (छोड़ देना) – You should put off these dirty clothes.
Run after (पीछा करना) – Do not run after money.
Run short (ख़त्म हो जाना) – My money has run short.
Set free (मुख्त करना छोड़ देना)-All Ithe prisoners were set free.
Take after (सदृश होना) – Children take after their parents.
Take up (आरम्भ करना) – You should take up the work now.
Turn out (i) (एकचित्र होना) – The whole village turned out to welcome her.
(ii) (बन्ध करना) – Please turned out the tap.
(iii) (निकाल दिया जाना) – He was turned out of the examination hall.

Some Prepositional Phrases in Common Use

As to – regarding (विषय में)As to whether he will consent, it is too early to say.
At home in-expert (निपुण) in – I am at home in mathematics.
At the bottom of (के मूल में) – The eldest son was at the bottom of all the quarrels in the house.
According to (के अनुसार) – The police acted according to the orders of the officer.
Because of owing to (के कारण) – He did not go to school because of his illness.
By dint of – with the help of (आधार पर) – He got success over the river by means of a boat.
By force of की सहायत से) – He regained his health by force of regular exercise.
By means of – by the use of (के प्रयोग द्वारा) – He crossed the river by means of a boat.
By virtue of – on the ground of (आधार पर) – He deserves free-studentship by virtue of his merit.
By the side of – beside (के बगल में) The child was sitting the side of his mother.
For the sake of – to earn (उपार्जन करना) – He labours hard for the sake of money.
For want of – due to the shortage to (की कमी के कारण) – Crops failed for want of rain.
In accordance with according to (के अनुरूप) – Your actions are not in accordance with your words.
In case of – in the state (event) of (की हालत में) – Do not lose heart in case of failure.
In common with along with (साथ – साथ) -The monitor was fined in common with other boys.
In connection with (के सम्बन्ध में) – I went to my friend’s house in connection with my brother’s marriage.
In course of – while progressing (के सिल सिले में) – The leader said many things in course of his speech.
In defence of – in projection of (के बचाव में) – The pleader argues in defence of his client.
In defiance of – in violation of (के विरुद्ध) – The sepoys rebelled in defiance of law.
In face of – against, in the presence of (बावजूद सामना करते हुए) – He kept on making progress in face of difficulties.
In favour of – on the side of (के पक्ष में) – Our leaders are in favour of compulsory primary education.
In front of-opposite (के सामने) – There is a tank in front of my house.
In honour of – as a mark of respect (के विचार से) – The school was closed for two days in honour of the Governmer’s visit to the schvol.
In honour of as a substitute for (के बदले में) – He gave me a watch in liew of the money lent out to him.
In point of – in resepect of (के विचार से) He is superior to me in point of age or in respect of age.
In quest of (की खोज में) – He is in quest of a good job.
In spite of – notwithstanding (बावजूद होते हुए भी)-In spite of hard labour he failed at the examination.
In stead of – in place of (के विजय) – He wasted his time instead of working hard.
In view of – considering (के विचार से) – He deserves help in view of his poverty.
In sight of (दृष्टिगोचर होना) – He came in sight of ariver, i.e., he saw a river.
In the event of -in case of (की हालत में) – Try again in the event of failure.
In the guise of – In false dress (के बनावटी वेश में) -The robbers entered the house in the guise of policemen.
In the teeth of – again (विषम स्थति के बावजूद) – He moved the resolution in the teeth of opposition.
In order to – to (के लिए) – Labour hard in order to get through the examination.
In regard to – in connection with (के सम्बन्ध में)-I have nothing to say in regard to this matter
On account – due to (के कारण) – He did not go to schol on account of his illness.
With a view to – with the aim of (के उद्देश्य से) – He joined college witha view to getting higher education.
(स्मरण रहे कि with a view to के बाद verb में ing का व्यवहार होता है)
With an eye to keeping in view (को ध्यान में रहते हुए) – He lays by something with an eye to the future.
With reference इन तीनों phrase का अर्थ है “In connection with’
With regard to (के सम्बन्ध में) Have you got any thing to say with
With respect to reference to his conduct, or with regard to his conduct ?

Some Conjunctional Phrases in Common Use

As soon as (ज्यों ही) – The bell rang as soon as I reached the school.
As well as -and (और) – He as well as Hari is in fault.
In as much as – because (क्योंकि)-He must be punished inasmuch as he has neglected his task. [Inasmuch को तोड़-तोड़कर in much नहीं लिखें]
In case-if (यदि)-Try again, in case you fail.
In order that – so that (जिससे की) – it denos purpose-He work in order that he may pass the examination.
No less than (कम नहीं) – He is no less quality than you are.
No sooner than (ज्यों ही) – No sooner had I reached the school than the bell rang.
So long as या as long as (जब तक) – It never denotes ‘time before’ -You will get money as long as you work. So long as the world lasts, the sun will shine over us.

Miscellaneous Idioms and Phases in Common Use

As usual -as in the ordinary practice (सदा की भांति) – I went there in the morning, as usual.
At best (अधिक-से-अधिक) – At best he is only a moderate speaker.
All in all – vested with all power (सरसावा सभी अधिकारों से युक्त) – The headmaster is all in all in his school.
At the eleventh hour – at the last moment (अन्तिंम क्षण में)-A doctor was called in at the eleventh hour when the patient was dying.
All the same – (i) of equal importance (एक ही बात) – It is all the same whether it is done by you us by me.
In all – total (सब मिलाकर) – There are, in all, 620 students in my school.
Let loose -to free (बंधनमुक्त करना)- He lets his dog loose at night.
Make good to compensate (क्षतिपूर्ति करना) – You will have to make good the loss I have incurred owing to your negligence.
Nick of time at the opportune moment (ठीक समय पर) -A doctor came in the nick of time.
Out of temper -angry (क्रुद्ध) – This man seems to be out of temper.
Of no avail – usless (निरर्थक)-Your excuses are of no avail.
Over head and ears (पूर्णतया) – He is over head and ears in debt.
On no account – in no case (किसी भी हालत में नहीं) – School fees, once deposited, can on no account be refunded or cannot be refunded on any account.
On all hands-by all (सभी के द्वारा)-It is admitted on all hands that honesty is the best policy.
On an average – taken as an average (औसत रूप से) – On an average, he earns Rs. 40/- a month.
On one’s account – for one (कि की खातिर) – I am ready to undergo difficulties on your account.
On the strength of – on the ground of (के बल पर) He was awarded a scholarship on the strength of my recommendation.
Part and parcel portion (भाग)-Kashmir has long been a part and parcel of India.
Rhyme or reason valid cause (ठोस कारण)-He turned out his servant without rhyme or reason.
Red-hunded while committing crime (अपराध करते समय) – The thief was caught red-hunded (चोरी करते समय).
Somehow or other – anyhow (किसी तरह)-He managed somehow or other to purchase a motor car for himself.
To learn by heart -to get by heart (याद कर लेना) – He learnt all the lessons by heart.
To rain cats and dogs -to rain heavily (मूसलधार पार बरसाना)-It was raining cats and dogs when he came.
To build castles in the air. – to imagine (हवाई महल बनाना) – It is no use building castles in the air.
To end in smoke – to have no effect (निष्फल होना)-All their attempts to reform the society ended in smoke.
To fall flat-have no effect (बेअसर) – His speech fell falt on the audience,
To go a long way – to do much (बहुत कुछ करना) -The reconmmendation of the headmaster went a long way in securing him a good service.
To hold water to be valid (जायज होना) – Your arguments do not hold water (are not sound or valid).
To lay stress-to emphasize (जोर देना) – The congress leaders laid streass on the need of basic education.
To nip in the bud -to destroy in the beginning (आरम्भ में ही नष्ट कर देना)-All his plans were nipped in the bud owing to his sudden illness.
To poison the ears of-to give false reports (कान भरना, झूठी शिकायत करना) – They were poisoning the ears of the Secretary against that man.
To call to order-(अनुशासित करना) – The teacher called the boys to order when they were making a noise.
To be at one-to agree (सहमत होना) – am at one with him on this point.
Upon one’s sweet will – on one’s own desire (अपनी इच्छा पर) -It depends upon my sweet will whether I do it today or tomorrow.

Micellaneous Phrases

Bed of roses (आनन्दप्रद वस्तु)-Life is not a bed of roses.
A bird’s eye view (सरसरी नजर) – I took a bird’s eye view of the whole place.
Cast Iron will (दृढ़ जो मुड़ना सके)-Sardar Patel was a man of cast iron will.
Chicken hearted (कायर)-A Soldier must not be chicken hearted.
A fair hand (साफ लिखावट)-A candidate gets credit for a fair hand.
A fool’s paradise (झूटी आशा में) -If you hope to pass, you are in a fool’s paradise.
French leave (बिना आज्ञा सा सूचना की अनुपस्थिति)-The student was fined for taking french leave.
With an iron hand (कढ़ाई से)-The riot was supressed with an iron hand.
Jack of all trades (किसी काम में निपुण नहीं, किन्तु सभी कार्यों में हाट डालना)-If · you are a jack of all trades you are master of none.
Maiden speech (जीवन में प्रथम सार्वजनिक भाषण) – The M.P.’s maiden speech was not impressive.
Nick of time (एन मौके पर)-He reached in the meeting at the nick of time.
An open secret (जो गुप्त बात सबको मालूम हो)-It is an open secret that casteism is a key to success in Bihar.
Pandora’s box (वरदान के रूप में अभिशाप)-Several inventions have proved to be a pandora’s box for mankind.
Rank and file (साधारण जनता) – Necessary steps should be taken by the government for the welfare of the rank and life.
Tall talk (घमण्ड भरी लम्बी चौड़ी बातें करना)-One must work, for more tall talk won’t do.
Up to mark (उचित योग्यता के अनरूप) – Most of the students were quite up to the mark.
White elephant (लाभ के स्थान पर हानि की वस्तु)-A motor car is a white elephant for teacher.
Yellow journalism (समाचार पत्रों में सस्ती तथा सनसनी पत्रकारिता, पीत पत्रकारिता) Yellow journalism cannot be appreciated.

Important Questions Solved

Question 1.
Use three of the following idioms and phrases in sentences as to bring out their meaning. [Sample Paper 2009 (A)]
Take after, Make out, Apple of discord, Broken reed, Bring up.
Answer:
Take after – The son takes after his father.
Make out – The police could not make out anything from the available information.
Apple of discord – The house is an apple of discord between the two brother.
Broken reed – Don’t realy on him, he is a broken reed between the two brothers.
Bring up-After his father’s death he was brought up by his uncle.

Question 2.
Use the following idioms and phrases in sentences of your own so as to bring out their meaning clearly. (Sample Paper 2009 (A)]
Answer:
Ups and downs, Rainy day: Vook and corner.
Answer:
Ups and downs – He has seen many ups and donws in his life.
Rainy day – One must lay be something against rainy day lest one should suffer.
Nook and corner – I looked into every nook and corner of my room but I could not find my pen.

Question 3.
Identify idioms and phrases in the composition given below. [Sample Paper 2009 (A)]
(a) Old habits die hard.
(b) Seeing the police, the thief took to his heels.
(c) There is an old lady at the door asking for you.
Answer:
(a) die hard
(b) took to his heels
(c) asking for.

Question 4.
Identify idioms and phrases in the composition given below: (Sample Paper 2009 (A)]
(a) She is intelligent, labourous and above all honest.
(b) By and by every one left the place.
(c) He is a Jack of all trades but master of none.
Answer:
(a) above all
(b) by and by
(c) Jack of all trades.

Question 5.
Use any three of the following idioms and phrases in sentence : (Sample Paper 2009 (A)]
At hand, At any cost, Apples of one’s eye, Look for, Part and Parcel.
Answer:
At hand-My examination is at hand.
At any cost-I have to do it at any cost.
Apples of one’s eye-She is apple of her mother’s eye.
Looks for–He is looking for good job.

Question 6.
Use three of the following idioms and Phrases in sentences of your own : [Board Exam. 2009 (Art)]
ups and downs, tum over, without fail, off and on, above all.
Answer:
Ups and downs-Mohan has seen many ups and down in his life
Turn over – Vikas turned over everything of his room.
Without fail – We must do our duties without fail.
Off and on – He goes to the market off and on.
Above all-Above all we should be kind to poor.

Question 7.
Use the following idioms and phrases in sentences of your own so as to bring out their meaning clearly : [Board Exam. 2009 (Sc. & Com.)]
Ups and downs, Rainy day, Nook and courner.
Answer:
Ups and downs – We should not be disheartened by ups and downs in our life.
Rainy day – We should make necessary arrangement for rainy day in order to avoid inconvenience.
Nook and corner – Every nook and corner of my house is neat and clean.

Question 8.
Use the following Idioms and Phrases in sentences of your own as to bring out their meaning clearly : (Sample Paper 2010 (A)]
(a) call off
(b) come accross
(c) look after.
Answer:
(a) The strike was called off after almost all theiremands were coneded.
(b) While going to the market came across an astrologer who to me lost of things about my past.
(c) Ram looks after the business of his father after his death.

We believe the information shared regarding Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English Poem Grammar Idioms and Phrases Questions and Answers as far as our knowledge is concerned is true and reliable. In case of any queries or suggestions do leave us your feedback and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility. Bookmark our site to avail latest updates on several state board Solutions at your fingertips.

Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Translation

Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 Book 50 Marks Solutions Grammar Translation Questions and Answers as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapter wise Bihar Board Class 11th English Book Solutions and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Translation

Question 1.
भारत किसानों का देश है। किसान अपने खेतों में कड़ी मेहनत करते हैं। उन्हें आराम करने का समय ही नहीं मिलता है। फिर भी उनकी आर्थिक स्थिति अच्छी नहीं है।
Answer:
India is a country of farmers. Farmers work hard in their fields. They do not get time even to rest. Evern then their financial condition is not good.

Question 2.
भारत एक विशाल देश है। इसका इतिहास सदियों पुराना है। यहाँ अनेक धर्मों के लोग रहते हैं। यहाँ अनेक भाषाएँ बोली जाती हैं। फिर भी सभी भारतीय हैं।
Answer:
India is a vast country. Its history is centuries old. People of several religions live here. Here several languages are spoken.

Question 3.
तुलसीदास एक महान कवि थे। उनकी अनेक रचनाओं में ‘रामचरितमानस’ सबसे अधिक लोकप्रिय है। यह ग्रन्थ भारतीयों के लिए विशेष महत्व रखता है। यह मात्र अयोध्या के राजा राम की कहानी नहीं, वरन भारतीय समाज का संपूर्ण चित्र प्रस्तुत करता है। भारत तुलसीदास का सदा ऋणी रहेगा।
Answer:
Tulsidas was a great poet. The Ramcharitmanas is most popular among his many works. This book has its special importance for Indians. This is not only the story of King Ram of Ayodhya but it also depicts a complete picture of Indian society. India will always (ever) remain indebted to Tulsidas.

Question 4.
पं० जवाहरलाल नेहरू अपने देश के महान नेता थे। संसार के महापुरुषों में उनकी गिनती होती थी। 1947 ई० में भारत स्वतंत्र हुआ। तब से लेकर अंतिम क्षण तक नेहरूजी भारत के प्रधानमंत्री बने रहे। वे एक कुशल शासक थे।
Answer:
Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru was a great leader of his country. He was reckoned among the great men of the world. India got independence in 1947. Since then Nehruji remained the Prime Minister of India till the last breath of his life. He was an able administrator.

Question 5.
एक कौआ बहुत प्यासा था । वह पानी की खोज में इधर-उधर भटक रहा था। उसके कुछ दूरी पर एक घड़ा देखा। वह वहाँ गया । घड़े की तह में बहुत थोड़ा पानी था।
Answer:
A crow was very thirsty. It was flying about in search of water. It saw a pitcher at some distance. It flew to it. There was very little water at the bottom of the pitcher.

Question 6.
असफलता से हमें निराश नहीं होना चाहिए । सफलता और असफलता बहनें है। असफलत हमारी आँखें खोलती है। वह कमजोरियों को दिखाती है। उन्हें दूर कर हम पुनः सफल हो सकते हैं।
Answer:
We should not be disappointed at failures. Success and failure are sisters Failure opens up our eyes. It reveals our weakness. We can succeed again by removing them.

Question 7.
पुस्तकालय से अनेक लाभ है। इसके द्वारा हमारे ज्ञान की वृद्धि होती है। विभिन्न विषयों के ग्रन्थों के अध्ययन से हमारे ज्ञान का क्षेत्र बढ़ता है। हमारे देश के देहातों में पुस्तकालयों की बड़ी आवश्यकता है। देहात के लोगों के पास पुस्तक खरीदने के लिए पैसे नहीं है।
Answer:
There are several advantages of a library. It develops our knowledge. the sphere of our knowledge increases by the study of books on different subjects. Libraries are greatly needed in the villages of our country. The people of village have no money to buy books.

Question 8.
कुछ लोग खेलकूद को बुरा मानते हैं। वे समझते हैं कि इससे समय नष्ट होता है। किन्तु यह उनका भ्रम है। खेलना एक प्रकार का व्यायाम है। इससे शरीर में बल आता है।
Answer:
Some people consider games and sports to be bad. They think that time is wasted on them. But this is their mistake. Playing is a kind of exercise. It gives strength to the body.

Question 9.
Translate the following sentence into English: [Model Paper 2009 (A)]
(a) मैं गाँव में रहता हूँ।
(b) मेरे माता-पिता बूढ़े हैं ।
(c) मेरे गाँव में एक मंदिर है ।
(d) मेरे माता-पिता प्रतिदिन मन्दिर जाते हैं ।
(e) मंदिर के सामने मैदान है।
Answer:
(a) I live in a village.
(b) My parents are old.
(c) There is an temple in my village.
(d) My parents go to the temple daily.
(e) There is a field in front of the temple.

Question 10.
Translate the following sentence into English :[Model Paper 2009 (A)]
(a) मैं भारतीय हूँ।
(b) मैं गाँव में रहता हूँ।
(c) मैं गाँव में रहना पसंद करता हूँ।
(d) गाँव की अबोहवा स्वास्थ्यप्रद है।
(e) मैं कभी-कभी शहर भी जाता हूँ।
Answer:
(a) I am Indian.
(b) I live in a village.
(c) I like to live in a village.
(d) The climate of village is healthy.
(e) Sometimes I go to city also.

Question 11.
Translate the following sentence into English: [Model Paper 2009 (A)]
(a) मेरा नाम चंदन है ।
(b) मेरे दोस्त का नाम हामिद है ।
(c) हम दोनों एक ही वर्ग में पढ़ते हैं।
(d) साथ-साथ स्कूल जाते हैं।
(e) शाम को एक साथ फुटबाल खेलते हैं।
Answer:
(a) My name is Chandan.
(b) The name of my friend is Hamid.
(c) We both study in the same class.
(d) We go to school together.
(e) We play football together in the evening.

Question 12.
Translate the following sentence into English: [Model Paper 2009 (A)]
(a) मैं कल नालंदा जाऊंगा ।
(b) मैं बस से जाऊंगा ।
(c) नालंदा ऐतिहासिक स्थल है ।
(d) मेरे साथ मेरे कुछ साथी भी जाएंगे।
(e) हमलोग शाम तक लौट आएंगे।
Answer:
(a) I shall go to Nalanda tomorrow.
(b) I shall go by bus.
(c) Nalanda is a historical place.
(d) A few friends of mine will go with me.
(e) We shall retum by the evening.

Question 13.
Translate the following sentence into English: [Model Paper 2009 (A)]
(a) पटना बिहार की राजधानी है ।
(b) प्राचीन काल में इस शहर का नाम पाटलिपुत्र था।
(c) यह शहर शिक्षा का केन्द्र है।
(d) आज का पटना आठ-दस मील लम्बा है।
(e) इस शहर के उत्तर में गंगा नदी बहती है और दक्षिण में पुनपुन नदी ।
Answer:
(a) Patna is the capital of Bihar.
(b) In ancient times, the name of this city was patliputra.
(c) This town is the centre of education.
(d) The Patna of today is eight to ten miles long.
(e) The Ganga flows to the north of the city and Punpun to the South.

Question 14.
Translate the following sentence into English: [Board Exam. 2009 (Arts)]
(a) भारत एक कृषि प्रधान देश है।
(b) यहाँ की 80 प्रतिशत जनता कृषि पर निर्भर करती है।
(c) किसान हमें अन्न देते है।
(d) हमें खिसानौं की मदद करनी चाहिए
(e) उन्हें उन्नत बीज और उन्नत मशीन देकर हम उनकी मदद कर सकते हैं।
Answer:
(a) India is a agricultural country.
(b) 80 Percent people here depend on agriculture.
(c) Farmers provide us food grains.
(d) We should help the farmers.
(e) We can help them providing high quality seeds and inproved machinery.

Question 15.
Translate the following sentence into English: [Board Exam. 2009]
(a) मैं गाँव में रहता हूँ।
(b) मेरा गाँव पटना से नजदीक है।
(c) मुझे ग्रामीण जीवन बहुत पसंद है।
(d) मेरे घर के पीछे जंगल है।
(e) मैं प्रतिदिन वहाँ टहलने जाता हूँ।
Answer:
(a) I live in a village.
(b) My village is close to Patna.
(c) I very much like the village life.
(d) There is a forest behind my house.
(e) I go there daily for a walk.

Question 16.
Translate the passage given below into English : [Model Paper 2010 (A)]
(a) मेरे पिताजी नालंदा में रहते हैं।
(b) वे एक स्कूल में पढ़ाते हैं।
(c) नालंदा ऐतिहासिक जगह है।
(d) यह हमरी सांस्कृति धरोहर है।
(e) मेरे पिताजी मेरे मन की बात समझते हैं।
Answer:
(a)My father lives at Nalanda.
(b) He teches in a school.
(c)Nalanda is a historical place.
(d) It is our cultural asset.
(e) My father understands, What I think and feel.

Question 17.
Translate the passage given below into English : [Model Paper 2010 (A)]
(a) यह ताजमहल है।
(b) यह शहजहाँ के प्रेम की निशानी है ।
(c) शाहजहाँ ने इसे मुमताज को यादगार में बनवाया था।
(d) यह विश्व के सात आश्चर्यों में से एक है ।
(e) लाखों व्यक्ति प्रतिवर्ष इसे देखने आते हैं।
Answer:
(a) This is Tajmahal.
(b) It is the sign of Shajhehan’s love.
(c) Sahjehan built it is the memory of Mumtaj.
(d) It is amount the seven wonders of the world.
(e) Lacs of people go to see it every year.

Question 18.
“Translate the passage given below into English: [Model Paper 2010 (A)]
(a) मेरी माँ मुझे बहुत प्यार करती है।
(b) वह मुझे कभी मारती नहीं।
(c) वह मेरी एक अच्छी मित्र है।
(d) वह पढ़ाई में मेरी मदद करती है।
(e) मैं भी उसे बहुत प्यार करता हूँ।
Answer:
(a) My mother loves me much.
(b) She never beats me.
(c) She is my good friend.
(d) She helps me in my studies.
(e) I also love her much.

We believe the information shared regarding Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English Poem Grammar Translation Questions and Answers as far as our knowledge is concerned is true and reliable. In case of any queries or suggestions do leave us your feedback and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility. Bookmark our site to avail latest updates on several state board Solutions at your fingertips.

Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice

Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 Book 50 Marks Solutions Grammar Reported Speech Questions and Answers as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapter wise Bihar Board Class 11th English Book Solutions and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice

(Use of Passive Voice)

Active & Passive Voice & Quasi Passive

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए और इसपर विचार कीजिए कि list A और list B के वाक्यों में क्या अन्तर है, विशेषकर उनके verbs के अर्थ और रूप में –

‘A’
I teach English Grammar.
He reads a book.
We hear songs.

‘B’
English Grammar is taught by me.
A book is read by him.
Songs are heard by us.

List A के वाक्यों में transitive verbs-teach, reads, hear से बोध होता है कि उनके कर्ता कुछ करते हैं। I teach; He reads; We hear-इनमें कर्ता की प्रधानता है। क्रिया के person और number भी subject के अनुसार है। लेकिन list B के verbs: is taught, is read, are heard से पता चलता है कि उनके कर्ता कुछ करते नहीं हैं, कर्ता को ही कुछ होता है। इन वाक्यों में वस्तु की प्रधानता है। यहाँ तक कि verb के number और person भी list A के वाक्यों के objects के अनुसार हैं।

इस तरह, इन वाक्यों के विवेचन से पता चलता है कि एक ही transitive verb का दो प्रकार से इस तरह व्यवहार किया जाता है कि एक में subject की प्रधानता झलकती है और ‘दूसरे से object की। Transitive verb के इसी रूप-परिवर्तन को अंगरेजी में Voice द्वारा व्यक्त करते हैं।

वास्तव में, Voice क्रिया का एक प्रकार का रूप है, जिससे हमें यह मालूम होता है कि वाक्य में subject कुछ कर रहा है या subject पर ही किसी के द्वारा कुछ किया जा रहा है।

जिस वाक्य में subject की प्रधानता हो और जिसका finite verb subject के number और person के अनुसार हो, उसे Sentence in Active Voice कहते हैं। और जिस वाक्य में object को प्रधानता देकर finite verb को object के number और person के अनुसार ही रखना पड़ता है, उसे Sentence in Passive Voice कहते हैं।

Note-वस्तुतः, voice तो verbs का ही होता है और वह भी transitive verbs का; लेकिन verbs के voice परिवर्तन के कारण समूचे वाक्य का भी ऐसा रूपान्तर हो जाता है कि, हम कह सकते हैं कि वाक्य active voice में है या passive voice में ।

Some special verbs – Active in form but Passive in sense

बहुत-से verbs ऐसे हैं जिनका रूप active की तरह मालूम होता है, लेकिन अर्थ passive की तरह होता है। इन्हें Quasi-Passive Verbs कहते हैं । जैसे-

  1. The table feels hard (=is hard when it is felt)-टेबुल कड़ा मालूम पड़ता है (जब उसका स्पर्श किया जाता है)।
  2. Sugar tastes sweet (= is sweet when tasted) चीनी मीठी लगती है (जब किसी के द्वारा चखी जाती है)।
  3. Rose smells good (= is good when smelt)-गुलाब अच्छा महकता है (जब सूंघा जाता है)।
  4. Your poem reads well (= sounds well when it is read)-आपकी कविता अच्छी लगती है (जब पढ़ी जाती है)।
  5. This book sells well (is purchased by many) यह किताब अच्छी तरह बिकती है (जब बेची जाती है तब अधिकांश लोग खरीदते हैं)।

ऊपर के सभी वाक्यों वाक्यों में transitive verbs अपने complement के साथ हैं। अब कुछ ऐसे transitive verbs का अध्ययन कीजिए जिनका न कोई complement है ओर न कोई object ही स्पष्ट रहता है, फिर भी ऐसे verbs रूप में active लेकिन अर्थ में passive होते हैं ; जैसे –

  1. A palace is building (एक महल बनाया जा रहा है)
  2. The drum is beating (ढोल बजाया जा रहा है)
  3. The guns are firing (बन्दूकें चलाई जा रही हैं)
  4. This book is printing (यह किताब छप रही है, या छापी जा रहा है)
  5. The cow is milking (गाय दूही जा रही है)

How to change Active Voice into Passive Voice

Verb को active voice से passive voice में बदलते समय पूरे वाक्य का रूपान्तर करना पड़ता है। Active voice में जो noun या pronoun nominative case में रहता है, उसको objective case में बदलकर उसके पहले by’ जोड़कर उसे object की जगह पर ले आते हैं। और, जो noun या pronoun active voice में objectie case में रहता है, उसे nominative case में ला subject की जगह पर रख देते हैं और तब इस नए subject के number और person तथा tense के अनुकूल verb to be’ का उपयुक्त रूप जोड़कर verb के past participle का प्रयोग करते हैं।

Verb to be’ के उपयुक्त रूप ये हैं –
Present Tense में is या am या are.
Past tense में was या were.
Past Participle में been.
निम्नांकित तालिका का अध्ययन करें-

Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice 1

How to change Active Voice with two objects into Passive Voice

साधारण नियम तो यह है कि अगर active voice में किसी verb के दो object रहें, तो एक को subject बना दिया जाए और दूसरे को retained object [देखें Chapter 4 के अन्तर्गत Five kinds of object] बनाकर object ही रखा जाए। जैसे –

He gave me a pen.
(i) I was given a pen by him.
(ii) A pen was given to me by him.

Active, voice के verb ‘gave’ के यहाँ दो objects हैं-me (indirect object), pen (directobject). वाक्य (i) में ‘me’ को I में बदलकर pen को ज्यों-का-त्यों retained object बनाकर रखा गया। वाक्य (ii) में pen को ही subject बनाकर ‘me’ को retained object बनाकर रख गया । व्याकरण की दृष्टि से ये दोनों वाक्य शुद्ध हैं और विद्यार्थी दोनों का व्यवहार कर सकते हैं। लेकिन आधुनिक usage के अनुसार वाक्य (i) ही अधिक उपयुक्त है। Allen का कहना है । ‘Active voice में यदि transitive verb के दो objects हैं, तो passive voice में personal object को ही subject बनाना चाहिए।

Verbs which cannot be used in Passive Voice

पहले कहा जा चुका है कि verb को active voice से passive voice में बदलने के लिए subject को object और object को subject बनाना पड़ता है। इससे वह स्पष्ट है कि

(a) जिस verb का object नहीं होता, उसको passive voice में नहीं बदला जा सकता है। चूंकि intransitive verb (अकर्मक क्रिया) का कोई object नहीं होता, इसलिए intransitive verb का passive voice नहीं हो सकता । यह साधारण नियम है, लेकिन कुछ अवस्थाओं में intransitive verb का भी passive voice होता है। जैसे-

(i) अगर intransitive verb के बाद preposition आने से वह transitive verb बन जाए और उसका कोई object रहे, तो उस verb का passive voice हो सकता है। जैसे –
He laughed at the dwarf.
The dwarf was laughted at by him.
They spoke to the man.
The man was spoken to by them.

इन वाक्यों में preposition को verb का ही अंश माना जाएगा औरpassive voice में भी वह verb के बाद अवश्य आएगा ।

(ii) अगर किसी intransitive verb का cognate object रहे, तो उसका passive voice हो सकता है जैसे –

We ran a race.
A race was run by us.
He dreamt a sweet dream.
A sweet dream was dreamt by him.

(iii) अगर किसी intransitive verb का causative verb की तरह व्यवहार हुआ हो, तो उसका passive voice हो सकता है जैसे –

They grow rice.
Rice is grown by them.
We feed the poor.
The poor are fed by us.
The labourers felled a tree.
A tree was felled by the labourers.

(b) Perfect continuous tense–present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future perfect continuous verbs का passive voice नहीं होता ।

(c) Quasi-passive verbs का साधारणतः passive voice नहीं होता, क्योंकि उनका अर्थ तो होता ही है इसलिए इन वाक्यों के verbs का passive नहीं होगा ।

The poem reads well.
The honey tastes sweet.

Passive Voice में object के पूर्व ‘by’ के स्थान पर अन्य शब्द

ऊपर कहा जा चुका है कि passive voice में बदले जाने पर active voice का subject objective case में बदलकर object की जगह पर आता है और उसके पहले subject objective case में बदलकर object की जगह पर आता है और उसके पहले preposition by का प्रयोग होता है। लेकिन इसके कुछ अपवाद भी हैं :

(i) कुछ passive verbs के बाद by के बदले किसी दूसरे preposition का (जो उस verb के उपयुक्त हो) व्यवहार किया जाता है। जैसे –

Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice 2

इसी तरह, astonished, pleased, disgusted इत्यादि verbs के बाद by नहीं प्रयुक्त होता । किसी दूसरे उपयुक्त Preposition का व्यवहार किया जाता है।

(ii) बहुत-से वाक्यों में जहाँ active voice का subject अनिर्दिष्ट है, जैसे-they, nobody, no one इत्यादि, वहाँ passive voice बनाने में विद्यार्थियों को कठिनाई होती है। उनकी सुविधा के लिए यहाँ कुछ उदाहरण दिए जा रहे हैं –

Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice 3

More about Voice

Interchange of Active Voice and Passive Voice

Voice के प्रसंग में आपको Active voice से Passive voice में बदलने के कुछ प्रमुख नियमों से अवगत कराया गया है। यहाँ हम interrogative, imperative, complex, compound sentences इत्यादि को active में Passive voice में बदलने के तरीके पर विचार करें।

Infinitive वाले वाक्य का Passive Voice

अगर वाक्य में finite verb, intransitive रहे और उसके बाद infinitive का प्रयोग हो तो infinitive को उसके past participle रूप में कर देने से वाक्य passive voice में हो जाएगा। जैसे –

Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice 4

Imperative Verb got Passive Voice

Imperative के transitive verbs के passive voice बनाने में इस वाक्य को let से प्रारम्भ करते हैं (भले ही वाक्य में पहले से let नहीं रहे) और तब verb के बदले उसके passive infinitive, without to का प्रयोग करते हैं। जैसे –

Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice 5

Note-विद्यार्थियों को उचित है कि बायीं ओर के वाक्य में subject you जो लुप्त है, उसे लिखकर, voice का परिवर्तन करें। जैसे –

Read this book = (you) read this book.
और यह passive voice में हो जाएगा –
Let this book be read by you.

Interrogative sentence a transitive verb का Passive voice में परिवर्तन

(1) अगर interrogative sentence, auxiliary verb से शुरू हो –

विद्यार्थी अगर अलती से बचना चाहते हों तो उन्हें चाहिए कि voice परिवर्तन के पहले ऐसे वाक्य को assertive sentence में बदल लें। फिर, ऊपर दिए गए साधारण नियमों के अनुसार वाक्य का voice बदल दें। और, voice परिवर्तन के बाद sentence को पुनः interrogative sentence के रूप में लिख लें; जैसे –

Did you read this book? इस वाक्य में verb ‘read’ active voice में है। हम इसको – passive voice में बदलने के पहले –

  1. इसको assertive sentence के रूप में लिखें-You read this book.
  2. यह passive voice में हो जाएगा-This book was read by you.
  3. अब इसको interrogative sentence के रूप में लिखें-Was this book read by you?

कुछ अन्य उदाहरणों का अध्ययन करें –

Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice 6

(2) अगर transitive verb वाला interrogative sentence ‘who’ से प्रारम्भ हो तो passive voice में बदलने के लिए ‘who’ को active voice का subject मानकर साधारण नियमों के अनुसार वाक्य को passive में बदल देंगे, जैसे-

Active:
1. Who did this?
2. Who killed the dog
3. who reads this book

Passive:
1. By whom was this done?
2. By whom was the dog killed?
3.By whom is this book read?

Note-Who का objective case ‘whom’ होता है।

(3) अगर transitive verb वाला interrogative sentence why, when, where, how इत्यादि question word से शुरू हो –

तो इस question word को पहले वाक्य से निकालकर ऊपर (1) में दिए गए तरीके से passive voice बना लें और तब question word को पुनः passive voice के वाक्य के शुरू में जोड़ दें; जैसे

  1. Why did you read this book ?
  2. When did he kill the dog ?
  3. How did they admit all students ?
  4. How did you like the dinner ?

इन वाक्यों से ‘अगर why, when how को हटा लें तो इनका सही रूप रहता है जो (1) में दिए गए वाक्यों का है, तो हम (1) में बताए गए नियम के अनुसार इनका passive में रूपान्तर कर लेंगे और तब क्रमश: why, when, how को वाक्य के आरम्भ में जोड़कर लिखेंगे –

  1. Why was this book read by you ?
  2. When was the dog killed by him ?
  3. How were all students admitted by them ?
  4. How was the dinner liked by you ?

Change of transitive verb in complex and compound sentences from the active voice to the passive voice –

अगर किसी वाक्य में एक से अधिक finile verb रहें और वे सभी transitive हों तो एक को Passive voice में बदलने पर दूसरे को भी passive voice में बदलना पड़ेगा । जैसे, हम इन वाक्यों को लें –

Active

  1. He told me that he had read the book.
  2. He wrote this book and gave it to Anjana P&D for publication.
  3. She wrote the letter but lore it to pieces.

Passive

  1. I was told by him that the book been read by him.
  2. This book was written by him and (it was) given (by him) to Anjana (P&D) for publicatipn.
  3. The letter was written by her but (it was) torn (by her) to pieces.

ऊपर दिए गए वाक्यों में हम देकते है की प्रत्येक में दो – दो Clauses हैं ।

(i) He told me +that he had read the book..
(ii) He wrote this book + and + (he) have it to Anjana (P & D) for publication.
(iii) She wrote the letter + and + (she) tore it to pieces.

इन वाक्यों को passive रूप में लाने केलिए हम दोनों lauses को अलग अलग passive रूप में ले आते हैं, और तब उनको जोड़ देते हैं।

Note – अगर एक ही clause में एक finite verb रहे और उसके साथ infinitive __verb रहे तो हम दोनों का passive voice में नहीं बदल सकते, क्योंकि double passive का व्यवहार नहीं हो सकता ।

Passive Voice से Active Voice बनाने का नियम

(i) अगर दिए हुए वाक्यों में कुछ शब्द लुप्त हों तो उनको कोष्ठ (brackets) में लिखकर वाक्यों को पूरा कर लीजिए । प्रायः passive voice में by+ object लुप्त रहता है । ऐसी हालत में अपनी ओर से by + उपयुक्त object जोड़कर वाक्य को पूरा का लीजिए । जैसे –

The thief was arrested. = The thief was arrested (by the police).
My watch was stolen. = My watch was stolen (by someone).
It is said that he is poor.=It is said (by them or by people) that he is poor.

The letter was written by her and torn to bits. = The letter was written by her and it was) torn to bits (by her).

(ii) इसके बाद passive voice के वाक्य में से object को निकालकर nominative case में ले आइए और active voice के वाक्य का उसे subject बना लीजिए।

(iii) Passive voice & subject objective case # 3TEC site 3 active voice के वाक्य में object की जगह पर लिखिए।

(iv) Verb to be’ को हटाकर, verb के past participle रूप को नए subject के अनुसार बदल दीजिए।

(v) Passive voice के object के पहले ‘by’, ‘to’ अथवा अन्य कोई preposition रहे तो उसे हटा दीजिए; जैसे –

Important Questions Solved

Change the following sentences from Active to Passive :
Note : उत्तर प्रत्येक वाक्य के सामने तिरछे अक्षरों (italics) में दिया गया है।

Active – Passive

1. He knows me. – I am known to him
2. My father has taught me. – I have been taught by my father
3. Help the poor. – Let the poor be helped
4. He gave me a book. – I was given a book by him.
5. The Headmaster gave him a prize. – He was given a prize by the headmaster
6. Raju has built this house. – This house has been built by Raju.
7. The soldiers took her to the camp. – She was taken to the camp by the soldiers.
8. Who killed the bird? – By whom was the bird killed?
9. Do it at once. – Let it be done at once.
10. The mother looks after the child. – The child is looked after by mother.
11. Motilal Nehru admired Gandhiji. – Gandhiji was admired by Motilai Nehru.
12. Who taught you English? – By whom were you taught English?
13. Who wrote this poem? – By whom was this poem written?
14. They made him captain. – He was made captain by them.
15. Who has stolen my purse? – By whom has my purse been stolen?
16. The teacher guides me. – I am guided by the teacher.
17. Give me your pen. – Let your pen be given to me.
18. Who has killed the tiger? – By whom has the tiger been killed?
19. Gandhiji respected all living creatures. – All living creatures were respected by Gandhiji.
20. We have polluted even wells. – Even wells have been polluted by us.

Question 21.
Change the following sentences into the passive voice : – (Model Paper 2009 (A)]

  1. She bought a book.
  2. I must write a letter.
  3. You have taught me.

Answer:

  1. A book was bought by her.
  2. A letter must be writtern by me.
  3. I have been taught by you.

Question 22.
Change the voice of the following sentences : (Model Paper 2009 (A)]

  1. She will have bought a book.
  2. He was sent the letter of appointment by the Government.
  3. He was to help me.

Answer:

  1. A book will have been bought by her.
  2. The Government sent him the letter of appointment.
  3. I was to be helped by him.

Question 23.
Change the following sentences into the passive voice : [Model Paper 2009 (A)]

  1. She hurt her leg in an accident.
  2. One must write answers on both sides of the sheet.
  3. Nobody has answered my questions properly.

Answer:

  1. Her leg was hurt in an accident.
  2. Answers must be written on both sides of the sheet.
  3. My question has not been answered properly.

Question 24.
Change the following sentences into the passive voice : [Model Paper 2009 (A)]

  1. His behaviour shocked me.
  2. All of you can win the race.
  3. The recitation pleased the inspector.

Answer:

  1. I was shocked by his behaviour.
  2. The race can be won by any of yowall of you.
  3. The inspector was pleased with the recitation.

Question 25.
Change the following sentences into the passive voice : [Model Paper 2009 (A)]

  1. Who taught you the English?
  2. We made him captain.
  3. He is to write a letter.

Answer:

  1. By Whom were you taught English?
  2. He was made captain by us.
  3. A letter is to be written by him.

Question 26.
Change the following sentences into the passive voice : [Board Exam 2009 (Arts)]

  1. Lata will sing a song.
  2. The cow eats grass.
  3. We crossed the river easily.

Answer:

  1. A song will be sung by Lata.
  2. The grass is eaten by the cow.
  3. The river was easily crossed by us.

Question 27.
Change the following sentences into the passive voice : (Board Exam 2009 (I.Sc. & Com.)]

  1. They never helped me.
  2. They will punish you for your misdeed.
  3. I have always helped Hari.

Answer:

  1. I was never helped by them.
  2. You will be punished by them for your misdeeds.
  3. They never helped me.

Question 28.
Change the following sentences into Passive voice :[Model Paper 2010 (A)]

  1. Dr. Prasad teaches me English.
  2. The committee has repealed the amendment.
  3. They have always cheated me.

Answer:

  1. I am taught English by Dr. prasad.
  2. The amendment has been repealed by the committee.
  3. I have always been chated by them.

Question 29.
Change the following sentences into Passive voice :

  1. Columbs discovered America.
  2. The teacher has taught us grammar.
  3. Who wrote Shakuntala?

Answer:

  1. America was discovered by Columbus.
  2. We have been taught grammar by the teacher.
  3. Shakuntala was written by Whom?

Question 30.
Change the voice of the following sentences :

  1. I can teach you.
  2. Hari has bought a beautiful pen.
  3. Mohan was dismissed by the employer.

Answer:

  1. You can be taught by me.
  2. A beautiful pen has been bought by Hari.
  3. The employer dismissed Mohan.

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Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Tenses

Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 Book 50 Marks Solutions Grammar Tenses Questions and Answers as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapter wise Bihar Board Class 11th English Book Solutions and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Tenses

Tense

Tense- (E) Excla – क्रिया के रूप को Tense कहा जाता है । (The tense of a verb shows the time when an action takes place)

Kinds of Tense

Tense के तीन भेद होते हैं –
1. Present Tense (वर्तमान काल)
2. Past Tense (भूतकाल)
3. Future Tense (भविष्य काल)

Preseent Tense

जब क्रोई कार्य वर्तमान समय में होता है तो Present Tense कहते हैं, जैसे – Ram reads a book. He is writing a letter. Mohan has gone home. Sohan has been reading in this school for four years.

Past Tense

जब कोई कार्य बीते हुए समय में हुआ था, हो रहा था, हो चुका था, होता आ रहा था तो ऐसी क्रिया को Past Tense कहते हैं –

जैसे – He went home. He was going home. He had gone home. He had been teaching for ten years.

Future Tense

जब क्रिया से आनेवाले समय का बोध होता है, उसे Future Tense कहा जाता है जैसे-I shall go home.

1. Present Tense

Kinds of Present Tense
I. Present Simple/Indefinite
ऐसे वाक्यों की बनावट होती है –

Subject+full verb[Present Simple]

Present Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित परिस्थितियों में किया जाता है :

Rule I. ऐसे वाक्यों से चिरन्तन सत्य (eternal truth) या सिद्धांत (principle) का बोध होता है और इसलिए इनसे Past, Present, Future तीनों प्रकार के Time का भाव व्यक्त होता है; जैसे –

1. The sun rises in the east.
2. The sun sets in the west.

Rule II. ऐसे वाक्यों से स्थायी कार्य (permanent activity) या स्वभाव (nature) का बोध होता है इसलिए इनसे Past, Present, Future तीनों प्रकार के Time का भाव व्यक्त होता है; जैसे –

1. we hear with our ears.
2. We see with our eyes
3. The rose smells sweet.
4. He lives in India.

Rule III. ऐसे वाक्यों से आदत (habit) या कार्य के बार-बार होने (repetition) का बोध होता है और इसलिए इनसे Past, Present, Future तीनों प्रकार का Time व्यक्त होता है; जैसे –

1. I like fish very much.
2. He knows English.
3. He always comes on time.
4. She never comes on time.

Rule IV. ऐसे वाक्यों से भविष्य में होनेवाले कार्यक्रम/निर्णय (firm decision/programme) को बोध होता है और इसलिए इनसे Future Time का भाव व्यक्त होता है; जैसे –

1. He leaves for home tomorrow.
2. The plane takes off at 9 a.m.

इस प्रकार के वाक्यों में Future Time बतानेवाले Adverbs of Time का प्रयोग होता है, जैसे
tomorrow, next day, next week/month/year.

Rule v. ऐसे वाक्यों से ऐतिहासिक वर्तमान (historical present) का बोध होता है और इसलिए इनसे Past Time का भाव व्यक्त होता है; जैसे –

1. Now the Battle of Panaipat begins.
2. Now Akbar calls Birbal and asks.

Rule VI. ऐसे वाक्यों से समय (time) या शर्त (condition) का बोध होता है और Future Time का भाव व्यक्त होता है; जैसे –

1. You will pass if you work hard.
2. I will wait here until he comes back.
यहाँ If you work hard का अर्थ है-If you will work hard और Until he comes back का अर्थ है-Until he will come back.

2. Present Continuous Tense

ऐसे वाक्यों की बनावट होती है –

Subject+am/is/are+verb+ing

Present Continuous Tesne का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित परिस्थितियों में किया जाता है :

Rule I. ऐसे वाक्यों से तात्कालिक वर्तमान (immediate present-Now) का बोध होता है; जैसे –
1. The sun is rising now.
2. They are catching fish now.

Rule II. ऐसे वाक्यों से भविष्य में होनेवाले कार्यक्रम/योजना (plan/programme) का भी बोधं होता है और इसलिए इनसे Future Time व्यक्त होता है; जैसे –

1. He is leaving for home tomorrow.
2. She is taking her examination next week.

Rule III. ऐसे वाक्यों से कार्य करने के इरादे (intention) या संभावना (likelihood) का बोध होता है और इसलिए इनसे Future Time का भाव व्यक्त होता है; जैसे –

1. He is going to buy a car.- intention
2. The patient is going to die.- likelihood

3. Present Perfect Tense

Subject+has/have+past participle

Present Perfect Tense का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित परिस्थितियों में होता है।

Rule I. इससे यह बोध होता है कि कोई कार्य तुरन्त समाप्त हुआ है और इसलिए इसका सम्बन्ध वर्तमान समय (Present Time) से नहीं रहता है। जैसे –

1. I have finished the work.
2. He has returned from Delhi.

Rule II. इससे यह भी बोध होता है कि कार्य का सम्बन्ध वर्तमान समय (Present time) से जुड़ा हुआ है, क्योंकि इसका प्रभाव अभी भी जारी है; जैसे –

1. He has lived here since 1970.
2. I have known him for five years.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Subject+has/have+been+verb-ing

इससे यह बोध होता है कि जो काम भूतकाल (past) में आरम्भ हुआ था वह वर्तमान समय (present time) में जारी है, जैसे –

1. It has been raining since Monday.
2. He has been working here since January.

Past Tense

1. Past Indefinite Tense (V2)

Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है :

(a) भूतकाल में पूरी हुई किसी क्रिया के लिए :
1. We learnt English at school.
2. He killed a snake.
3. My father taught in this school.

(b) भूतकाल के सम्बन्ध में किसी आदत, अथवा प्रायः होने वाली क्रिया के लिए :
1. He came to me every evening.
2. He never told a lie.
3. I always spoke the truth.

2. Past Continuous Tense (was/were + V1-ing)

Past Progressive (Continuous) Tense का प्रयोग तब किया जाता है जब कोई क्रिया भूतकाल में किसी निश्चित समय पर अथवा किसी निश्चित अवधि के दौरान चल रही हो ।

1. He was writing a letter when I saw him.
2. I was reading a novel yesterday afternoon.

Past Progressive तथा Simple Past के अन्तर को अच्छी प्रकार से समझ लेना चाहिए।

Simple Past Tense – भूतकाल में पूरी हो चुकी क्रिया के लिए।
Past Progressive Tense – भूतकाल में जारी रही क्रिया के लिए ।

Past Progressive का प्रयोग उस स्थिति में किया जाता है जब हमारी मुख्य रूचि क्रिया के समाप्ति में न हो, अपितु क्रिया के जारी रहने में हो।

क्रिया के पूरे होने में हमारी रुचि कम होती है और क्रिया के जारी रहने की स्थिति पर अधिक बल होता है। यदि हमारी रुचि क्रिया के पूरा होने में हो तो simple Past का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Completed activity (V2)

  1. He came into the room
  2. I saw her
  3. I dropped my watch
  4. When you telephoned ?
  5. It began to rain

Continuing activity was/ were V1-ing)

  1. while I was waiting.
  2. as I was passing yesterday.
  3. while I was binding it.
  4. We were playing.
  5. just as we were leaving the house.

3. Past Perfect Tense (had + V3)

Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है :

(a) ऐसी क्रिया के लिए जो भूतकाल में किसी निश्चित समय (moment) से पहले, या किसी निश्चित समय तक पूरी हो चुकी हो।

1. The patient had died before the doctor came.
2. I had funished my work by evening.

(b) किसी असन्तुष्ट इच्छा को प्रकट करने के लिए।

1. I wish my father had been here at this time.
2. I wish I had worked harder.

(c) Present Perfect अथवा Simple Past वाले किसी वाक्य को Direct कथन से Indirect कथन के बदलने के लिए भी इस Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

1. He said, “The train arrived late.” (Simple Past)
He said that the train had arrived late. (Past Perfect)

2. He said, ” I have left my parents.” (Present Perfect)
He said that he had left his parents. (Past Perfect)

(d) यदि किसी वाक्य में भूतकाल में घटित दो घटनाओं का वर्णन हो, तो उनमें से जो घटना पहले घटी हो, उसके लिए Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है, और जो घटना अपेक्षाकृत रूप से बाद में घटी हो, तो उसके लिए Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग तभी किया जाना चाहिए यदि भूतकाल में होने वाली कोई क्रिया किसी अन्य क्रिया की अपेक्षा पहले पूरी होने का भाव रखती हो।

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

(had + been+V1-ing)

Past Perfect Continuous Tense का प्रयोग तब किया जाता है यदि कोई क्रिया भूतकाल से आरम्भ होकर भूतकाल में ही किसी निश्चित समय पर चल रही हो; जैसे –

When I reached there at 2 p.m., he had been waiting for me since 1.30 p.m.

Future Tense

Future Tense के निम्नलिखित भेद हैं।

1. Future Simple

(i) First Person + shall + Infinitive (without to)
(ii) Second/Third Person + will + Infinitive [without to]

Rule I. ऐसे वाक्यों से केवल Future time का बोध होता है, अर्थात् यह बोध होता है कि कोई कार्य भविष्य में सामान्य रूप से होगा; जैसे –

1. I shall go to Bombay tomorrow.
2. He will start for Delhi tomorrow.

Rule II. कुछ वाक्यों की बनावट इस प्रकार की होती है –

(i) First Person + will + Infinitive [without to]
(ii) Second/Third Person + shall + Infinitive [without to]

ऐसे वाक्यों से भविष्यत्काल के अलावा इच्छा, संकल्प. चेतावनी (will/determination/ intention/threat) आदि भावों का बांध होता है। लिए इसे coloured future कहा जाता है। इस वाक्य को देखें –
He shall pay the fine. [threat]

Rule III. कुछ Interrogative Sentences इस प्रकार के होते हैं –

Shall + I + Infinitive [without to]

1. Shall I open the door ?
2. Shall I make tea for you ?

ऐसे वाक्यों से राय परामर्श/निवेदन (advise/suggestion/request) का भाव प्रकट होता है और Fresent Time का बोध होता है।

Rule IV. कभी-कभी Future Simple से आदत या सत्य का भाव प्रकट होता है और इससे Past, Present, Future तीनों प्रकार के Time का बोध होता है –

1. Boys will be boys.
2. Accidents will happen.

3. Future Imperfect [Progressive]
Subject+shall be/will be+verb+ing

Rule I – इससे यह बोध होता है कि कोई कार्य भविष्य में कुछ समय तक जारी रहेगा; जैसे –

1. I shall be reading a novel.
2. He will be staying here.

Rule – एसे वाक्यों से भविष्य में होनेवाले कार्यक्रम/योजना का भी बोध होता है; जैसेI shall be seeing her tomorrow.

3. Future Perfect

Subject+shall have/will have+past participle

Rule I. इससे यह बोध होता है कि कोई कार्य भविष्य में किसी निर्धारित समय तक समाप्त हो चुकेगा; जैसे –

1. He will have finished the work by next year.
2. She will have returned home by next month.

Rule II. Future Perfect से संभावना (likelihood) या अनुमान (inference) का भी बोध होता है। ऐसी संभावना या अनुमान का संबंध भूतकाल (Past) के कार्यों से रहता है, जैसे –

1. You will have heard this story. [शायद आपने इस कहानि को सूना होगा]
2. You will have seen this man. [शायद आपने इस व्यक्ति को देखा होगा]

इस प्रकार , will have + past participle agt 39ef staru may have + past participle और can have + past participle का होता है।

4. Future Perfect Continuous

Subject + shall/will have been + verb+ing

इससे यह बोध होता है कि कार्य भविष्य में बहुत समय तक जारी रहेगा –

1. I shall have been writing a novel.
2. He will have been reading a novel.

Important Questions Solved

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs given in brackets.

Question 1.

  1. I ……… him last year. (See)
  2. The train ……… before we reached the station. (leave)
  3. He ……… to school by bus. (go)
  4. They ……… here for five years. (live)

Answer:

  1. saw
  2. had left
  3. goes
  4. have been living

Question 2.

  1. The sun ……… in the east. (rise)
  2. He ………. to school every day. (go)
  3. I wish I ……… a good man. (was)
  4. He ……… the poor yesterday. (feed)

Answer:

  1. rises
  2. went
  3. were
  4. fed

Question 3.

  1. Have you ……… him ? (See)
  2. He ……… the school before the bell rang. (reach)
  3. They were ……… Out an hour ago. (see)
  4. We ……… a film last night (see)

Answer:

  1. seen
  2. had reached
  3. seen
  4. saw

Question 4.

  1. We have not ……… him for a year. (see)
  2. Who ……… my book ? (steal)
  3. My brother ……… home a week ago. (go)
  4. The price of mangoes ……… gone up. (has).

Answer:

  1. seen
  2. stolen
  3. went
  4. has

Question 5.

  1. While we worked, they ……… (play)
  2. I ……… working there. (has)
  3. She ……… here since 1989. (live)
  4. The sun ……… when we went out. (shine)

Answer:

  1. played.
  2. have been
  3. has been living
  4. was shining

Question 6.

  1. He ……… for Patna next week. (leave)
  2. It ……… since last night. (rain)
  3. The price of things ……… up. (go)
  4. She did not ……… a letter. (write)

Answer:

  1. leaving
  2. has been raining
  3. has gone up
  4. write

Question 7.
Fill in the blanks with correct Tense of the verbs given in brackets.

  1. Columbus ……… America (discover)
  2. The cinema show ……… when I reached the hall. (start)
  3. After he met with an accident he ……… to a hospital. (take)
  4. The old lady ……… the Gita when the guests arrived. (read)

Answer:

  1. discovered
  2. had started
  3. was taken
  4. was reading

Question 8.
Put the verbs in any three of the following sentences into the correct tense form: [Model Paper 2009 (A)]

  1. He always (come) late.
  2. He (buys) a pen yesterday.
  3. He (live) here since 1990.
  4. They (be) happy at the turn of the events.
  5. Hari (come) tomorrow.

Answer:

  1. comes
  2. bought
  3. has been living
  4. became.
  5. will come

Question 9.
Fill up the blanks with correct tense form as given in the brackets : [Model Paper 2009 (A)]

  1. He ……… hot milk. (likes/is/liking)
  2. I ……… my work an hour ago. (have finished/finished)
  3. He is ……… today. (coming/comes)

Answer:

  1. He likes
  2. finished
  3. coming

Question 10.
Put the verbs in the following sentences into correct forms : [Model Paper 2009 (A)]

  1. Honesty (be) the best policy.
  2. The dog (bite) her on the ankle while she (catch) it.

Answer:

  1. is
  2. bit catching

Question 11.
Choose the correct tense forms of verbs in brackets and fill in the blanks : [Model Paper 2009 (A)]

  1. The Ganga ……… a holy river. (are/is)
  2. Sania Mirza ……… tennis. (plays/playing)
  3. He ……… children. (loves/is loving)

Answer:

  1. is
  2. plays
  3. loves

Question 12.
Put the verbs in the following sentences into correct tense forms : [Board Exam. 2009 (Arts)]

  1. It ……… since morning. (rain)
  2. The sun ……… (rise) in the east and ……… (set) in the west.

Answer:

  1. raining
  2. rises sets

Question 13.
Put the verbs in the following sentences into correct tense forms : (Board Exam. 2009 Sc. & Com.)

  1. Honesty (be) the best polity.
  2. He (leave) Patna a month ago.

Answer:

  1. is
  2. Patna

Question 14.
Choose the correct tense forms of the verbs given in brackets and fill in the blanks : [Model Paper 2009 (A)]

  1. He ……… (come) to see me yesterday.
  2. If he comes I ……… (go).
  3. Look ! They ……… (work) in the field.

Answer:

  1. came
  2. shall go
  3. are working.

Question 15.
Put the verbs in the following sentences into correct tense forms :

  1. Macbeth ……… Written by Shakespeare. (was/would)
  2. I wish I ……… a king. (be, will)
  3. The senant has been ……… by the master. (beat, beaten)

Answer:

  1. was
  2. be
  3. beaten

Question 16.
Fill in the blanks with correct form of tenses as given in the brackets :

  1. He has ……… every law (broke, broken).
  2. The report was ……… A guilty. (destorting, distorted)
  3. Mind ……… always suspicious. (is/are)

Answer:

  1. broken
  2. distorting
  3. is

Question 17.
Put the verbs in any three of the following sentences into correct tense forms:

  1. I(leve) Patna last year
  2. He already (buy) a new house
  3. He (return) the book tomorrow
  4. I (not see) any picture since January

Answer:

  1. had left
  2. bought
  3. will return
  4. have not seen

Question 18.
Fill in the blanks with correct tense formed an given in the brackets :

  1. My horse ……… very fast. (run)
  2. I ……… all my sums. (solve)
  3. I ……… to mumbai in next week. (go)

Answer:

  1. runs
  2. can solve
  3. shall go

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Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Transformation of Sentences

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Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Transformation of Sentences

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का अध्ययन कीजिए –

  1. Patna is the best town in Bihar.
  2. Patna is better than any other town in Bihar.
  3. No other town in Bihar is so good as Patna.

पहले वाक्य का अर्थ है ‘पटना बिहार में सबसे अच्छा शहर है’ और दूसरे वाक्य का तात्पर्य यह है कि ‘पटना बिहार के किसी भी अन्य शहर से अच्छा है।’ वास्तव में दोनों का अर्थ एक ही है। वाक्यों की बनावट में थोड़ा हेर-फेर है।

तीसरे वाक्य का अर्थ ‘बिहार में कोई भी दूसरा शहर इतना अच्छा नहीं है जितना पटना है।’ इस वाक्य से भी वही अर्थ निकलता है जो पहले या दूसरे वाक्य से निकलता है।

तीनों वाक्यों में केवल adjective के प्रयोग में अन्तर है। पहले वाक्य में superlative degree के adjective का प्रयोग है। दूसरे वाक्य में comparative degree के adjective का ; और तीसरे वाक्य में positive degree के adjective का । पर तीनों वाक्यों में एक ही adjective के तीन degrees हैं। तीनों वाक्यों से sense अभिप्राय) एक ही निकलता है।

अतः, हम यह समझें कि तीनों वाक्यों के रूप में अन्तर है लेकिन अर्थ में नहीं। इसी तरह किसी वाक्य के sense को ज्यों-का-त्यों रखते हुए उस वाक्य के रूप या इस वाक्य की बनावट को बदल देने की क्रिया को Transformation कहा जाता है।

Transformation means the change of a sentence from one grammatical form to another without altering the sense.

1. Removal of ‘Too’ from a sentence :

किसी भी वाक्य में यदि ‘Too’ शब्द का प्रयोग हुआ हो, तो सबसे पहले उस वाक्य का स्पष्ट अर्थ समझ लें और उसे हिन्दी में लिखकर उसका अनुवाद अंगरेजी में इस तरह कर लें कि उसमें ‘too’ का प्रयोग नहीं रहे। यही सबसे सहज उपाय है। जैसे –

(i) He is too weak to walk.
इस वाक्य का हिन्दी में यही अर्थ होगा कि “वह इतना कमजोर है कि वह टहल नहीं सकता है।” इस हिन्दी के वाक्य का अंगरेजी में इस प्रकार अनुवाद किया जा सकता है –

(ii) He is so weak that he cannot walk.
पहले वाक्य में ‘too’ शब्द का प्रयोग है, दूसरे वाक्य में नहीं। दोनों वाक्यों में क्या अन्तर है? ध्यानपूर्वक देखिए –
पहले वाक्य में ……….. too + adjective
दूसरे वाक्य में ……… so (adjective के पहले) + that + subject (he) + cannot …..

अतः, यह स्पष्ट है कि ‘too’ के स्थान पर ‘so …. that…… not ये तीनों शब्द यथास्थान अवश्य रहेंगे। इसके अतिरिक्त, ‘that’ के बाद subject दुहराया जायेगा और उसके बाद verb को उचित tense में negative रूप में रखा जाएगा।

Exercises Solved

Remove ‘Too’ in the following sentences :
Note : उत्तर प्रत्येक वाक्य के सामने तिरछे अक्षरों (italics) में दिया गया है।
Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Transformation of Sentences 1
Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Transformation of Sentences 2
Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Transformation of Sentences 3

2. Interchange of Assertive and Interrogative Sentences

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का अध्ययन कीजिए –

Interrogative – Can it be true ?
Assertive – It cannot be true.
Interrogative – Who is there who does not love his country ?
Assertive – (i) Every body loves his country,(ii) There is no one who does not love his country.
Interrogative – Is there anything greater than love?
Assertive – There is nothing greater than love.
Interrogative – What does it matter if we lose ?
Assertive – (i) It does not matter if we lose,(ii) It matters little if we lose.
Assertive – Everyone wishes to be happy.
Interrogative – Who does not wish to be happy ?
Assertive – It is useless to waste time.
Interrogative – Why waste time?
Assertive – One swallow does not make a summer.
Intrrogative – Does one swallow make a summer ?

Note – (i) ऊपर जो वाक्य दिए गए है उनसे यह स्पष्ट है कि ये उस तरह से interrogative नहीं बनाए गए हैं जिस तरह से Chapter 6 में affrmative sentence को negative या interrogative बनाया गया है जैसे –

  • Affirmative – I read a book.
  • Negative – I do not read a book.”
  • Interrogative – Do I read a book ?

यहाँ इन दोनों वाक्यों के रूप बदलने से अर्थ में भी अन्तर आ गया है। अतः, यह transformation नहीं हुआ क्यों transformation में अर्थ का अन्तर नहीं आना चाहिए।

(ii) ऊपर दिए गए उदाहरणों से यह भी स्पष्ट है कि कुछ प्रकार के वाक्यों को _interrogative से assertive में नहीं बदला जा सकता है; जैसे –

  • What is your name?
  • Where do you live ?
  • Why do you smile ?
  • Did you have your meal ?

इन वाक्यों को हम assertive sentence में नहीं बदल सकते । हम उन्हीं Interrogative sentences को assertive में बदल सकते हैं जो वास्तव में rhetorical questions हैं अर्थात् जिनके उत्तर प्रश्न में ही निहित हैं। या यों कहिए कि जिन प्रश्नों का उत्तर res/ no में दिया जा सकता है, उन्हीं interrogative वाक्यों को assertive वाक्यों में transform किया जा सकता है, अन्य interrogativesentences को साधारणत: नहीं।

(iii) Interrogative sentence को assertive या assertive sentence को inter rogative में बदलने के लिए विशेष नियम नहीं है। लेकिन स्मरण रखना चाहिए कि अगर assertive sentence में no/not का व्यवहार हुआ हो तो Interrogative sentence में nod not का व्यवहार नहीं होगा। और, अगर assertive sentence में no/not नहीं रहे तो errogative sentence में no/not का अवश्य प्रयोग होगा । अर्थात्,

(a) अगर assertive sentence affirmative रहे तो interrogative sentence negative question हो जायेगा।
(b) अगर assertive sentence negative at interrogative sentence affirmative question हो जायेगा।
(c) उसी प्रकार Interrogative से assertive में बदलते समय यह देखना पड़ता है कि question में affirmative verb है या negative, यदि verb affirmative हो तो उसे negative बनाया जाता है और यदि negative हो तो affirnative बनाया जाता है।

3. Interchange of Affirmative and Negative Sentences

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का अध्ययन कीजिए –

Affirmative – I was doubtful whether it was you.
Negative – I was not sure whether it was you.
Affirmative – He must not have missed to seet the Taj Mahal.
Negative – He must have seen the Taj Mahal.
Affirmative – I love him.
Negative – I am not without love for him.
Affirmative – I am wiser than you.
Negative – You are not so wise as I.
Negative – None but the poor deserves help.
Affirmative – The poor alone deserve help.
Negative – He does not take winc.
Affirmative – He abstains from wine.
Affirmative – As soon as the train started, he came to the station.
Negative – No sooner did the train start than he came to the station.

इस Chapter 6 में दिए गए affirmative से negative बनाने के जो नियम और उदाहरण दिए गए हैं और ऊपर जो उदाहरण दिए गए हैं, उन्हें विद्यार्थी अच्छी तरह समझने की कोशिश करें।

उपर्युक्त उदाहरणों से यह मालूम होता है कि affirmative से negative अथवा nagative से affirmative बदलने के लिए कोई खास नियम नहीं है। वाक्य के अर्थ को भलीभाँति समझकर आवश्यकतानुसार कोई उचित word या phase चुनकर बैठा दिया जाता है। केवल इसी बात का ख्याल रखना चाहिए कि वाक्य के अर्थ में अन्तर न पड़े और double ‘negative के व्यवहार को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़ें

कुछ और उदाहरणों को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़ें –

Negative – He is no mean player
Affirmative – He is a good player.
Negative – This is not impossible.
Affirmative – This is possible.
Negative – He was asked not to smoke.
Affirmative – He was prohibited from smoking.
Negative – He did not lose a single match.
Affirmative – He won all the matches.
Negative – He does not go there very often.
Affirmative – He seldom goes there.
Negative – The doctor had never treated his patients unfairly.
Affirmative – The doctor had always treated his patients fairly.

4. Transformation of Sentence into Interrogative

Change the following sentences into Interrogative :
Note : उत्तर प्रत्येक वाक्य के सामने तिरछे अक्षरों (italics) में दिया गया है।
Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Transformation of Sentences 4
Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Transformation of Sentences 5

5. Transformation of sentence into Affirmative

Change the following sentences into Affiirmative :
Note : उत्तर प्रत्येक वाक्य के सामने तिरछे अक्षरों (italics) में दिया गया है।
Bihar Board Class 11 English Grammar Transformation of Sentences 6

6. Interchange of the Degrees of Comparison

वाक्य के अर्थ में बिना कोई परिवर्तन किए ही adjective या adverb के degree बदल दिए जा सकते हैं। निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में degree के ऊपर ध्यान दीजिए –

superlative – ‘Shakuntala’ is the best drama in Sanskrit.
Comparative – (i) ‘Shakuntala’ is better than any other drama in Sanskirt, या (ii) ‘Shakuntala’ is better than all other dramas in Sanskrit.
Positive – No other drama in Sanskrit is so good as ‘Shakuntala’ (or, as good as ‘Shakuntala’).

उपर्युक्त सभी वाक्यों के अर्थ एक ही हैं । वाक्यों में प्रयुक्त adjective के degree में अन्तर है। ‘Best’ की जगह पर ‘better than any other’ या ‘better than all other’ रखने की आवश्यकता है, यदि comparative degree के adjective का प्रयोग करना हो। यह भी ध्यान रखना चाहिए कि ‘any other,के बाद singular noun होगा और ‘all other’ के बाद plural noun होगा। (स्मरण रहे कि better than any या better than all कभी नहीं लिखें; इसके बाद other शब्द का अवश्य प्रयोग करें।)

यदि positive degree के adjective का प्रयोग करना हो, तो no other + noun in singular number + so good as (या as good as) लिखा जाएगा। निम्नलिखित उदाहरणों से ये बातें और भी स्पष्ट होंगी।

Superlative – Delhi is the best town in India.
Comparative – Delhi is better than all other towns in India. या Delhi is better than any other town in India.
Positive – No other town in India is so (या as) good as Delhi.
Superlative – Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the greatest man in India.
Comparative – Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was greater than all other men in India.
या – Pandit Jawaharlal Nchru was greater than any other man in India.
Positive – No other inan in India was so (as) great as Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

कुछ वाक्यों में degree को दूसरे प्रकार से भी बदला जाता है। निम्नलिखित उदाहरणों का अध्ययन कीजिए –

Superlative – Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was one of the greatest men of the world.
Comparative – Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was greater than most other men of the world.
Positive – Very few men of the world were so great as (or, as great as) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
Superlative – Milton was onc of the greatest poets of England.
Comparative – Miltion was greater than most vlher poets of England.
Positive – Very few poets of England were so great as (or, as great as) Milton.
Superlative – Gold is one of the heaviest of metals.
Comparative – Gold is heavier than any other metal.
Positive – Very few metals are as heavy as (or, so heavy as) gold.

Exercise (86) के पहले दिए गए उदाहरणों और उपर्युक्त उदाहरणों में कुछ अन्तर है। उपर्युक्त उदाहरणों में दिया गया है;-‘one of the best, one of the greatest, one of the heaviest, etc.’ इनके पहले बताए गए उदाहरणों में दिया गया है। ‘the best, the greatest, the heaviest of all, इत्यादि । दोनों प्रकार के वाक्यों के अर्थ में भिन्नता है| The greatest’ का अर्थ है ‘सबसे बड़ा’ और ‘one of the greatest’ का अर्थ है ‘सबसे बड़े-बड़े व्यक्तियों में एक’ । अतः, the greatest का अर्थ ही है greater than all other और one of the greatest का अर्थ है ‘greatest than most other’ । अतः, परिवर्तित वाक्यों में भी भिन्नता रहेगी।

One of the best के स्थान पर comparative degree में better than most other.

The best ” ” ” ” ” ” better than all other या better than any other.

उसी प्रकार positive degree में,
One of the best के स्थान पर Very few …… so good as.
The best ” ” No other ……….. so good as.

7. Interchange of Exclamatory and Assertive Sentences

(i) निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का अध्ययन कीजिए –

Exclamatory – O that I were rich !
Assertive – I wish that I were rich: (या) I earnestly desire to be rich.
Exclamatory – Would that I had not wasted my time when I was young!
Assertive – I wish that I had not wasted my time when I was young.
Exclamatory – If only I could gain the first prize!
Assertive – I wish to gain the firsty prize, (या) I earnestly desire o yain the first prize.

उपर्युक्त उदाहरणों को देखने में मालूम होता है कि यदि exclamatory sentence के आरंभ में (a) If I could only, (b) Would that, (c)O that, (d) If I were इत्यादि हों, तो उन्हें assertive में बदलते समय ‘I wish’ अथवा ‘Tearmestly desire’ आदि कर दिया जाता है।

इस तरह के वाक्यों को पढ़ने से मालूम होता है कि कोई हार्दिक इच्छा व्यक्त की जा रही है। If I were a millionaire ! (यदि मैं लखपति होता !) इस वाक्य को पढ़ने से मालूम होता है कि लखपति होने की इच्छा पूरी नहीं हुई है।

(ii) कुछ अन्य उदाहरणों को देखिए –

Exclamatory – Alas that youth should pass away !
Assertive – It is sad to think that youth should pass away.
Exclamatory – Good heavens! Whatadisaster!
Assertive – It is indeed a great disaster.
Exclamatory – A fireman and afraid of sparks !
Assertive – A fireman should not be afraid of sparks.
Exclamatory – What a piece of work is man !
Assertive – Man is a strange piece of work.

उपर्यक्त उदाहरणों को देखने से मालम होता है कि exclamatorv sentence में जिस बात पर विस्मय प्रकट किया जाता है उसी बात को सीधे-सीधे साधारण रूप में रख देने से assertive sentence बन जाता है। यदि कहें कि ‘कितना सुन्दर यह फूल है।’ तो इसको साधारण तरीके से कहा जा सकता है कि ‘यह फूल बहुत सुन्दर है।’ ठीक उसी तरह अँगरेजी में भी वाक्य का भाव समझकर उसे साधारण प्रकार के वाक्य के वाक्य में परिवर्तित किया जा सकता है । उपर्युक्त वाक्यों के लिए कोई विशेष नियम नहीं बन सकता है। अभ्यास द्वारा विद्यार्थी इस प्रकार के वाक्यों को transform कर सकते हैं।

(iii) कुछ और उदाहरणों को देखिए –
matory – What a fine picture it is !
assertive – It is a very fine picture.
Exclamatory – How sweet it smells !
Assertive – He smells very sweet.
Exclamatory – How funny!
Assertive – It is very funny.

इन वाक्यों के अध्ययन से निम्नलिखित बातें मालूम होती हैं –

(a) Exclamatory sentence यदि how, what या such से आरंभ हो, तो उसे assertive में बदलते समय यह देखना चाहिए कि how, what या such के बाद adjective है या noun. यदि noun है तो how, what या such के स्थान पर ‘great’ आदि शब्द रखकर वाक्य में subject, verb और object या complement को उचित स्थान पर रखिए।

(b) How, what या such के बाद यदि adjective हो तो how, what या such के स्थान पर ‘very’ शब्द रखकर वाक्य में subject, verb और object या complement को उचित स्थान पर रखिए।

(c) Assertive Sentence में सबसे पहले subject, उसके बाद verb, उसके बाद परिवर्तित very या great आदि के बाद क्रमश: adjective या Noun रखना चाहिए।

Miscellaneous Exercises Solved

Question 1.
Transform the following sentences as directed :

  1. This box is too heavy to lift (Remove ‘too’)
  2. Who Should not punish him ? (Change into passive voice)
  3. Can a man live for ever? (Change into ‘Assertive’)
  4. He comes to school on time. (Make it emphatic)

Answer:

  1. This box is so heavy that one cannot lift it.
  2. By whom should he not be punished ?
  3. A man cannot live for ever.
  4. He does come to school on time.

Question 2.
Transform the following sentences as directed :

  1. My father has taught me. (Into passive)
  2. You are too lazy to work. (Remove ‘too’)
  3. He goes to market in the evening. (Make it emphatic)
  4. Bombay is the biggest city in India. (Into positive degree)

Answer:

  1. I have been taught by my father.
  2. You are so lazy that you cannot work.
  3. He does go to market in the evening.
  4. No other city in India is as big as Bombay.

Question 3.
Transform the following sentences as directed :

  1. The tea is too hot for me to take. (Remove ‘too’)
  2. He knows me. (Change into passive voice)
  3. It this the way to speak to your elders ? (Change into assertive)
  4. I helped him. (Make it emphatic)

Answer:

  1. The tea is so hot for me that I can’t take.
  2. I am known to him.
  3. This is not the way to speak to your elders.
  4. I did help him.

Question 4.
Transform the following sentences without changing the meaning : [(Model Paper 2009 (A)]

  1. Very few people are as honest as Hari. (To comparative)
  2. He is too tired to work (Remove ‘too’)
  3. He is very intelligent. (To Interoogative)

Answer:

  1. Hari is more honest than most other people.
  2. He is so tired that he cannot work.
  3. Is he not very intelligent ?

Question 5.
Transform the following sentences without changing the meaning : [Model Paper 2009 (A)]

  1. Can you not pluck this mango. (Into Assertive)
  2. He is as tall as Ram. (Into comparative)
  3. He is too miser to help anyone. (Remove ‘too’)

Answer:

  1. You can pluck this mango.
  2. Ram is not taller than him.
  3. He is so miser that he cannot help anyone.

Question 6.
Transform the following sentences without changing the meaning: [Model Paper 2009 (A)]

  1. It is too hot to drink. (Remove ‘too’)
  2. Work hard and you will succeed. (Rewrite using if)
  3. There is no smoke with out fire. (Negative to Affirmative).

Answer:

  1. It is so hot that it cannot be drunk.
  2. If you work hard you will succeed.
  3. Where there’s smoke. There’s fire.

Question 7.
Transform the following sentences without changing the meaning : [Model Paper 2009 (A)]

  1. Mumbai is the biggest city in India. (Comparative)
  2. The gate is something closed. (Negative)
  3. Every loves his country. (Interrogative)

Answer:

  1. Mumbai is bigger than all other cities in India.
  2. The gate is not always open.
  3. Who doesn’t love his country.

Question 8.
Transform the following sentences without changing the meaning : [Model Paper 2009 (A)]

  1. The sun is too hot to go out. (Remove ‘too’).
  2. He is better than any other boy in the class. (Into positive)
  3. He is very good. (Into interrogative)

Answer:

  1. The sun is so hot that one can not go out.
  2. No other boy in class is so good as he.
  3. Is he not very good ?

Question 9.
Transform the following sentences without changing the meaning: [Board Examination 2009 Arts)

  1. No other boy in the class is better than Ram. (Into positive)
  2. They are rich. (Into interrogative)
  3. I am too tired to work. (Remove ‘too’)

Answer:

  1. No other boy is so good as Ram.
  2. Are not they rich.
  3. I am so tired that I cannot work.

Question 10.
Transform the following sentences without changing the meaning : (Board Examination 2009 Sc & Com)

  1. He is too poor to buy this book. (Remove ‘too’)
  2. Hari is taller than all other boys. (into positive degree)
  3. Can you climb up this tree? (into Assertive)

Answer:

  1. He is so poor that he can not buy this book.
  2. No other boy is so tall as Hari is.
  3. You can not climb up this tree.

Question 11.
Transform the following sentences without changing the meaning: [Model Paper 2010 (A)]

  1. Very few people are as honest as Rashid. (Into comparative)
  2. The sun is too hot to go out. (Remove too)
  3. Can you repair the bridge ? (into Assertive)

Answer:

  1. Rashid is more honest than most other people.
  2. The sun is so hot that nobody can go out.
  3. You can not repair the bridge.

Question 12.
Transform the following sentences without changing the meaning : [Model Paper 2010 (A)]

  1. I want to know the reason of your coming late in the class. (Interrogative sentence)
  2. India is the poorest country. (to passive sentence)
  3. The sun is too hot.forus to go out (Remove ‘too’)

Answer:

  1. May I know the reason of your coming late in the class ?
  2. No any country is so poor (or as poor as) as India.
  3. The sun is so hot for us that we cannot go out.

Question 13.
Transform the following sentences as directed : [Model Paper 2010 (A)]

  1. He is too late to catch the train. (Remove “too”)
  2. Sita is not as pretty as Gita ! (To positive degree)
  3. Kolkata is the busiest city in India. (To positive degree)

Answer:

  1. He is solate that he cannot catch the train.
  2. Sita is prettier than Sita.
  3. No other city in India is as busy as Kolkata.

Question 14.
Transform the following sentences as directed : [Model Paper 2010 (A)]

  1. Can a leopard change his sports? (Into Assertive)
  2. Calcutta is the busiest city in India. (Into comparative)
  3. He is too weak to walk. (Remove “too”)

Answer:

  1. A leopard cannot change his sports.
  2. Calcutta is busier than any other city in India. Or, Calcuta is busier than all other cities in India.
  3. He is so weak that he cannot walk.

Question 15.
Transform the following sentences without changing the meaning: (Model Paper 2010 (A)]

  1. It is too hot to go out. (Remove “too”)
  2. He is a great miser. (To comparative)
  3. Kolkata is the biggest city in India. (To comparative)

Answer:

  1. It is a so hot than I cannot go out.
  2. Is he not a great miser ?
  3. Kolkata is bigger than all other cities in India. Or, Kolkata is bigger than any other city in India.

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Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Poem 5 Adlestrop

Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 Book 50 Marks Solutions Poem 5 Adlestrop Questions and Answers as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapter wise Bihar Board Class 11th English Book Solutions and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

BSEB Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Poem 5 Adlestrop

Kick start your preparation by using our online resource Bihar Board Class 11 English Solutions. You can even download the Bihar Board Board Solutions for Class 11 Poem 5 Adlestrop Questions and Answers in Prison free of cost through the direct links available on our page. Clear your queries and understand the concept behind them in a simple manner. Simply tap on the concept you wish to prepare in the chapter and go through it.

Bihar Board 12th English Adlestrop Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who wrote this poem, “Adlestrop” ?
Answer:
Edward Thomas wrote this poem, “Adlestrop”.

Question 2.
When was the poet born ?
Answer:
The poet was bom in 1878.

Question 3.
When did the poet met his end ?
Answer:
The poet met his end in 1917.

Question 4.
What is “Adlestrop” ?
Answer:
Adlestrop is the name of platform.

Question 5.
Who is the “I” in this poem ?
Answer:
The poet, himself, if the “I” in this poem.

Question 6.
Where are Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire ?
Answer:
Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire are the two countries of England which are very close to London.

Question 7.
What is a blackbird ?
Answer:
The blackbird as a Common European sing bird.

Question 8.
When did the train.reach Adlestrop ?
Answer:
The train reached Adlestrop one afternoon in the month of June.

Question 9.
What does the line “Some one cleared his throat” indicate ?
Answer:
It is indicative of movement and activity.

Question 10.
What do the lines noted below indicate ?
“Not one left no one came One the bare platform. What I saw was Adlestrop-only the name.”
Answer:
The above said lines are indicative of desertedness and barrenness of the place.

Question 11.
What aspect of Nature do the lines noted below indicative ?
Ans willows, willow-herb and grass,
And meadows sweet and hay cocks dry,
Not whit less still and lonely fair,
Than the high cloudlets in the sky.”
Answer:
These above written lines are indicative of the stillness of nature.

Question 12.
Bring out the main idea of the poem “Adlestrop”.
Or, Show your brief acquaintance with the poem, “Adlestrop”.
Or, Write the summary of the poem, “Adlestrop”.
Or, Show that you have read and understood the poem, “Adlestrop”.
Or, Summarise the poem, “Adlestrop” in your own words.
Or, Write the main idea of the poem, “Adlestrop”.
Or, Discuss the ideas contained by ” Adiestrop”.
Answer:
This nice poem “Adiestrop” has been written by Edward Thomas. He was a great poet of England. He was bom in London in 1878. He became famous as a poet of English just after his death. He played a very important role in the First World War. He wrote many beautiful poems. But most of his poems were published after his death. He is considered to be a very fine lucid and sensitive poet.

Here in this poem the poet experesses his ideas and thoughts beautifully. As a matter of fact this poem has its two sides. This first side is about the train which reaches the Adiestrop station without any place i.e. “unwantedly”. It was an express train. It was the month of late June. The mouth was full of heat. Here the poet presents the picture of a journey by train. Actually there are references to the activities on the platform “someone cleared his throat”. These are very realistic pictures.

Secondly, the poem shows a fine sensitiveness to nature, and particularly to rural nature. In this way the poet speaks of ‘willow’, ‘.willowherb’, ‘meadow sweet’ and ‘haycocks’. Then he speaks a ‘blackbird’, ‘birds’ and finally the countryside of Oxfordhire and Gloucestershire. Here the poet beautifully links these two sides in the poem. First, the experess train which stands for speed and motion has lost its motion ‘drew up there unwantedly’. In the real sense its steam hisses but it is now still. As the matter of fact the poet compares the stillness of the express train to the stillness of nature in the third stanza ‘still and lonely’.

But in the last stanzas the motion which the express-train has lost is now given over to nature. Thus as one blackbird sang its song was picked up quickly by other birds, farther and farther, moving with speech, like an express train. Thus from one type of physical movement where the train moves and we move physically along with it. We go to another type of physical movement, that is, where the sound moves and we move mentally along with it.

Thus we can say that the poem wants to show a close relationship between the world of machine and the world of Nature through this poem.

Adlestrop Summary in Hindi

1. हाँ मुझे याद है एडलस्ट्राप, वो नाम । क्योंकि एक दोपकर जब खूब गरमी थी । एक्सप्रेस गाड़ी बिना कारण वहाँ रुक गई । बीतते जून का वक्त था ।
2. ट्रेन सीटी दे रही थी । तभी किसी ने खखारा । न कोई ट्रेन से उतरा, न कोई चढ़ा । प्लेटफार्म बिल्कुल खाली था । बस मैंने स्टेशन का नाम देखा-एडलस्ट्राप ।
3. और हमने देखा विलोवृक्ष, विलो-टहनियाँ, घास और खूबसूरत घास के मैदान, और सूखी घास । आकाश में ऊँचे बादल गुच्छों जितने उजले, स्थिर और एकाकी नहीं ।
4. और उसी एक मिनट में एक गाने वाली चिड़िया के कंठ से गीत फूट पड़ा, पास ही कहीं। और उसके इर्द-गिर्द कोहरे में दूर और दूर और भी चिड़ियाँ स्वर में स्वर मिलाकर गाने लगीं। ऑक्सफर्डशायर और ग्लाड्स्टरशायर की चिड़ियाँ भी गीत में शरीक हो गई । ट्रेने स्थिर थी पर गीत ने गति पकड़ ली ।

Adlestrop Summary in English

This nice poem has been written by Edward Thomas. He was a great poet of England. He bom in London in 1878. He became famous as a poet of English just after his death. He played a very important role in the First World War. He wrote many beautiful poems. But most of his poems were published after his death. He is considered to be a very fine, lucid and sensitive poet.

Here in this poem the poet expresses his ideas and thought beautifully. As a matter of fact this poem has its two sides. The first side is about the train which reaches the Adlestrop station without any place i.e. “unwantedly”. If was in express train the picture of a journey by train. Actually there are reference to the activities on the platform “someone cleared his throat”. These are very realistic pictures.

Secondly the poem shows a fine sensitiveness to nature and particularly to rural nature. In this way the poet speaks of’willow-herb’, meadow countryside of Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire. Here the poet beautiful lkins these two sides in the poem. First, the express-train which stands for: spend and motion has lost its motion ‘drew up there unwantedly. In the real sense its tarn hises but is now still. As the matter of fact the poet compares the stillness of the express train to the stillness of nature in the third stanza.

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of Class 12 to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Bihar Board Class 12 Poem 5 Adlestrop English Solutions in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

We believe the information shared regarding Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English Poem 5 Adlestrop Questions and Answers as far as our knowledge is concerned is true and reliable. In case of any queries or suggestions do leave us your feedback and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility. Bookmark our site to avail latest updates on several state board Solutions at your fingertips.

Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Chapter 6 Robin

Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 Book 50 Marks Solutions Robin Questions and Answers as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapter wise Bihar Board Class 11th English Book Solutions and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

BSEB Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Chapter 6 Robin

Kick start your preparation by using our online resource Bihar Board Class 11 English Solutions. You can even download the Bihar Board Board Solutions for Class 11 Robin Questions and Answers in Prison free of cost through the direct links available on our page. Clear your queries and understand the concept behind them in a simple manner. Simply tap on the concept you wish to prepare in the chapter and go through it.

Bihar Board Class 12 English Robin Text Book Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How did the author obtain his dog ?
Answer:
The author bought this dog for fifteen rupees. Pincha was the smallest and the thinnest of the litter Jim Corbett named Robin, in memory of a faithful old collie who had saved his young brother, aged four. He trained the dog with great care.

Question 2.
For what purpose was Robin being trained ?
Answer:
Robin was being trained properly. Actually the author had made him a good friend. As we know that Jim Corbett was a great hunter. Hunting was his hobby. He always liked to spend his times in hunting. Thus, he trained Robin so that it might help him in hunting and hours of need and crisis in life.

Question 3.
What happened after Robin chased the langur dawn the hill side?
Answer:
The author and Robin spent the summer in the hills and on their annual journey to the foothills in November, at the end of a long fifteen mile walking when they went to a comer alonger of a big troop jumped of the hill side and crossed the road a few inches away from Robin. Without hearing the command of the author, Robin chased it and it safely went up a tree. It was very dangerous to chase langur.

Question 4.
What lesson did Robin learn from this experience ?
Answer:
Robin leam a very good lesson from this experience. He was very pround of his dog. But one day he got bitter experiences in the Jungle. His life was in danger. Any how he saved his life from the leopard. Since then they was very and conscious. He had wonderful control over his nervous and always remained mute in the forest while doing tracking.

Question 5.
Why is it best to go shooting on foot ?
Answer:
To go shooting on foot is the best way. Sometimes it is very dangerous to go shooting by riding on an animal. It is very difficult to save oneself by riding on an animal. On the other hand it is very esay to turn away on foot see a dangerous beast in the bush. Actually it is a much easier to kill an animal shooting on foot.

Question 6.
Why did the author not mark the spot where he shoot the leopard?
Answer:
We know that the author shoot a leopard, one day. It was a matter of great courage and bravery. Robin had shot at the leopard from a very close range. He had fired at the leopard at the short range. He had seen the bullet stike. The bullet had gone right through the leopard’s body. So the author did not mark the sport.

Question 7.
How did Robin always show the presence of leopard ?
Answer:
Robin always showed the presence of a leopard around him. He was very bold and brave. He had got the rifle to his shoulder when the leopard burst through the intervening bushes and sprang at him. On the occasion Robin said, “It is never safe to assume that a leopard is dead unit it has been skinned.” Actually he was always careful of the leopards in the jungle. He knew all that was worth knowing about this method of locating the position of an animal by cutting across the wind. Actually he was always alert.

Question 8.
Why was the author very careful about approaching the leopard?
Answer:
It is true of say that the author was very much careful about approaching the leopard. He feard that the leopard might attack him. He always remained with his rifle and arms. In the jungle he was alert and active. He took all measures to protect himself and his friends from all dangers. He came to the range first to shoot at the leopard. He tried for his correct aim to fire at. Actually he was carefull all the time.

Question 9.
What did Robin do when the leopard finally sprang ?
Answer:
Robin was very active in all respects. But, once it so happened that leopard’s spring and his short were simultaneous. He took side-step and from his hip into his side as he passed him. As he was very expert, he took correct measures. He did his duty tactfully.

Question 10.
What, happened to the leopard in the end ?
Answer:
Robin and his hunting dog worked jointly. They did their duty actively. Robin shoot at the leopard skillfully. He fired at him with a correct aim. He tried many times. At last he shoot at the leopard. At a little distance the leopard was laying dead who put on a good battle, but lost at last.

Question 11.
Discuss the ideas contained in the essay entitled, “Robin”.
Or, Narrate the story “Robin” in your own words.
Or, Show that you have read and understood “Robin”.
Or, Show your acequaintance with the story entitled “Robin” in your own words.
Or, Write to brief the story of “Robin” by J. Corbett.
Or, Bring out the main points of the essay written by J. Corbett.
Answer:
This is the story of “Robin”, which was Jim Corbett’s dog. When the author bought the dog, he was told it was a spanial and its name was Pincha. Its father was a perce hunter dog. Of the litter of seven, it was the smallest and thinest. From the beginning it had great liking for the author. When the author brought it, it was three months old and it cost was fifteen rupees. When the author is telling the story, it was thirteen years old.

It was given its first meal after getting bathed with warm water and soap. Its name was rechristened Robin in the memory of a faithful old collie who had saved his few year old brother’s life and when he was six-from a furious she bear. Robin are its meal regularly.

One day, the author took it out to have some training at the lower end of the author’s estate filled with some dense bushes. The author brought a peafowl near Robin. It landed on the thorny bushes and Robin attached it. The author kept himself out of the thorny bushes. Soon Robin killed the bird and he danced around. His first lesson was over. The next few days it was given small birds to hunt.

The author & Robin Spent the summer in the hills and on their annual journey to the foolthills in November, at the end of a long fifteen lie walking when they went to a comer, a langur of a big troop jumped of the hill side and crossed the road a few inches away from Robin. Without hearing the command of the author, Robin chased it and it safely went up a tree.

Robin had hardly entered these bushes when as enormous leopard chased it. The author shouted his commands. The men carrying his sister’s dandy also started shouting many langurs also startd shouting their alarm-calls. Finally the leopard left Robin and it rejoined the author and his men Robin some lessons from this incident

Grammetical Questions

In exercise 2 below, re-write all the sentences like sentence (ii) below:

Question 2.
(i) The bullet struck. I saw it
Answer:
(ii) I saw the bullet strike.

a. The leopard coughed. I heard it
Answer:
I heard the leopard^aught.

b. My dog caught a rat, I watched it
Answer:
My watch my dog caught a rat.

c. The scorpion stung his foot, He felt it
Answer:
He felt the scorpion sting his foot.

d. That boy broke the window. I saw him.
Answer:
I saw that boy break the window.

Question 3.
In this extact there are the sentences:
‘The bushes were too thick and thorny for me to enter’.
Matches the following sentences on the left with correct sentence on the right, and use them quickly in conversation:

(a) This forest is too thick for us to get through. Yes, it would be impossible for us to find out way back.
(b) This river is too deep for us to walk through. Yes, it would be difficult for us to keep our guns dry.
(c) That hill side is too step for us to climb. Yes, it would be a pity for us to break out necks.
(d) That fish is to state for us to eat. Yes, it would be terrible for us to get food poisoning.

Question 4.
Use the following prepositions once only in the sentences below. The extract will you, of opposite, with, over, by, for.

(a) Our horse stands excactly …………… the fever hospital (opposite)
(b) They escaped from the prison and made …………… the nearest road (for).
(c) How many ways …………… cooking an egg do you know ! (of)
(d) I ran after him and caught him …………… the arm.(by)
(e) She has no control at all …………… her children, (over)
(f) How are we going to deal …………… this new situation, (with)

Question 5.
In this extract there are the words:
‘They had been calling for about five minutes.

Use the same tense of the verb (past perfect continuous) in the sentences below, i.e. for those verbs in brackets.

a. ‘How long the engine (run) ? It (run) for half an hour.
Answer:
How long had the engine been running ! It had been running for half an hour.

b. “When you arrived, the other (wait) long ?’’ No, they (wait) about twenty minutes.
Answer:
When you arrived, the others had been waiting for a long time ? No, they had been waiting for about twenty minutes.

c. ‘Why the boy (cry) ?’
‘Because the other boys (laugh) at him.’
Answer:
Why had the boy been crying ! Because the other boys had been laughing at him.

d. “Before we gave them loding, where those men (sleep) ?”
“They (sleep) in the fields.”
Answer:
Before we gave them lodging, where had those men been sleeping.

Question 6.
In the following sentences certain words or phrases are in italics. Use words or phrases from this extract in their place so as to give the same meaning (refer to paras 17-21 only).

(a) It is obvious that he hasn’t been doing any work.
= It is dear evident that the hasn’t been doing any work.

(b) Have you got any news about the latest situation ?
= Have you got any fresh account about the latest situation ?

(c) Please tell me the predse spot where the tiger appeared.
= Please tell me the exact spot where the tiger appeared.

(d) After a few minutes the noise stopped.
= After a few minutes the noise checked.

(e) I should like to obtain some more land.
= I should like to get some more land.

(f) We shall have to go back.
= We shall have to go return.

(g) Is there a chemist in this neighbourhood ?
= Is there a chemist in this locality ?

(h) These flowers give off a very strong smell.
= These flowers give off a very strong odour.

(i) The whole of his body was moving jerkily.
= The whole of his body was shivering.

(j) A large crocodile was stirring up the water nearby.
= A large crocodile was moving up the water nearby.

Question 7.
Use the following words once only in the sentences below: advisiable, taboo, intervening, direction, invariably, warily, promptly, pentrate, disappear, intend, resume, collapse, violent, dense.

(a) It would be …………… not to wear shoes; wearing shoes in a temple is ……………
(b) We …………… to …………… our meeting after work.
(c) These clouds will soon …………… thought they are still quite ……………
(d) Don’t give him any more luggage the carry or he II ……………
(e) No bullet car …………… those thicks walks.
(f) You must trend very …………… here, the ground is soft.
(g) I asked for the money and very …………… he sent a cheque.
(h) We returned to the theatre and in the …………… time they had changed the scene; they …………… change the scene after the interval.
(i) The building was destroyed in a …………… storm.
(j) Don’t go that way; the post office is in the other.
Answer:
(a) advisable, taboo
(b) intend resume
(c) disappear dense
(d) collapse
(e) penetrae
(f) invariable
(g) promptly
(h) intervening warily
(i) violent
(j) direction.

Robin Word Meanings

appaling-very had = बहुत ख़राब bombardment-usually = बमबारी करना canine-canine means ‘referring to dogs’ = कुत्ते का या कुत्ते से सदृश्य bind-A female deer – हिरणी retrieve-Bring back, fetch = खींचना tyfts-small, thick growths of grass = छोटी एवं घनी घास । Warily-carefully = सावधानीपूर्वक ।

Robin Summary in English

Once, while packing, the author and Robin saw an enormous male leopard with a beautiful glossy coat. The author short a bullet at the leopard’s right shoulder from a short distance. The injured animal disappeared into the forest. The sound of its running through the bushes abrupty stopped. They could not follow the leopard because the authors sister was unarmed and could neither be taken follow the wounded animal not couojd she be left alone. So they returned home. The next day they came to the same spot and saw great splashes of blood left by the leopard on the edge of the undergrowth. They took some rest and then took to their feet.

Under a nearby tree, the author found a day spot on which dew had no fallen. Suddenly, they heard the calling, to heard to chital hand some sixty yards to their left. They had also heard of a langur all which showed presence of a leopard. They learnt that the animal was lying in the open was alive and in which direction it was lying. They were just five yards away from the open ground.

As the author quickly moved towards the open- ground, the leopard was quicker and disappeared into the bushes. The chital’s sounds spoilt their chances to tire a shot at the leopard, Robin had wonderful control over his nervous and always remained nature in the forest while doing cracking. Earlier, the author had pocked up the 0.275 rifle in the morning while leaving home. The author and Robin followed a certain line which was fifteen years away from and parallel to the fallen free Robin was leading the line.

At the opposite side of its trunk, Robin stopped. They saw a leopard’s tail. The author filled his coat pockets with stones and returned to the open ground. Ready with his rifle, the author started throng stones from a position which was fifteen yards away from the three where the leopard had been, first on the tree and into the bushes assuming that it was alive. No movement or noise of the leopard could be heard.

So, the author and Robin walked towards the tree. They started circling the tree, intending every time reducing the radius. The author measured the radius of the first circle about twenty-five years. As they had gone two-thirds of the way, Robin stopped.

As the author lopked down to see what had attracted Robin’s attention, he heard continuously deep throated angry grunts. The leopard violently came out from the undergrowth. In the meantime, teh author became ready with his rifle. The leopard’s spring at them and the author’s shot were simultaneous. The author fired a second bullet learning back to the left. Now Robin was nowhere to be seen.

Now both of them went in earch of and saw its head projecting from behind a trac trunk at he edge of a small celaring a hundred yards away and he again disappeared. But after a while, he came into the authors, and liked his face. These reactions clearly indicated how a dog and a human being act together during the emergency. At a little distance the leopard was laying dead, who put on a good battle, but lost at fast.

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of Class 12 to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Bihar Board Class 12 Chapter 6 Robin English Solutions in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

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Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Chapter 5 Forgetting

Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 Book 50 Marks Solutions  Forgetting Questions and Answers as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapter wise Bihar Board Class 11th English Book Solutions and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

BSEB Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Chapter 5 Forgetting

Kick start your preparation by using our online resource Bihar Board Class 11 English Solutions. You can even download the Bihar Board Board Solutions for Class 11 Forgetting Questions and Answers in Prison free of cost through the direct links available on our page. Clear your queries and understand the concept behind them in a simple manner. Simply tap on the concept you wish to prepare in the chapter and go through it.

Bihar Board Class 12 English Forgetting Text Book Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Make a list of things which you yourself often forge to do ?
Answer:
I, Myself often foret many things to do here. I am giving list of it.

(a) In posting a letter in a letter box.
(b) At the time of wearing clothes I forget to wear my tie.
(c) I forget to take my things when I travel in a bus or train.
(d) Somethig I forget to take my pencils or pen when I got to school.
(e) I also forget to wear my vest to take umbrealla etc.

Question 2.
Why do some people not remember to take medicines ?
Answer:
People do not remember to take medicines because they wish to forget them it may be that it is because of their dislike for pills of medicines.

Question 3.
What according to the author, is the commonest form of forget fulness ?
Answer:
The commonest form of forgetfulness according to the author occurance in posting letter. It is so common that the author has in relanbon a departing vision.

Question 4.
Why does the author not carry an umbrella ?
Answer:
The author does not carry umbrealla for fear of losting it.

Question 5.
What suggests that sports men have poor memories ?
Answer:
Sportsmen have poor memories. They always forget to take balls and bats, when they travel in trains. They are in the vision of playing fields. Their heads are among the stars & their hearts are in their boots. They often forget to take personal things.

Question 6.
Why does the author says that absent mindedness may be a virtue?
Answer:
The author says that the people often forget because their minds are filled with glorious things. The absent minded men is often a man who is making the best of life & therefore has in time to remember the personal things. So the author says that absent mindedness may be a virtue.

Question 7.
Does the author think that poets need good memories ?
Answer:
Yes, the author thinks that poets need good memories minded are half the substance of their art. So they need good memories.

Question 8.
What does the author say about statemen’s memories ?
Answer:
The author says that statesmen have extraordinary bad memories. When two or three statesment get opportunity to deliver a speech in a public meeting each of them tell us that the other story is inacquarate.

Question 9.
What did the woman in the story expect her husband to say when the returned ?
Answer:
When her husband returned she expected to say that she thought him a lesson. She somethings cheerfully asked. “Well my Dear, what is for lunch to clay. She again asked, why she forget the baby & the children.

Question 10.
Are most people absent minded ?
Answer:
Yes, most people are absent minded. We bom with pusaically efficient memories. If it were not so, the instalution of the family could not live in any great modem city.

Grammetical Questions

Question.
Use the following prepositions once only in the sentences below. The extract will help you.
in, as, for, of, on, at
(a) He was astonished ………….. the size of the fish.
(b) They sat on a heard bench ………….. six hours.
(c) She has a great interest ………….. facts and figures.
(d) ………….. a rule I remember of post my letters.
(e) Most of us are capable ………….. remembering hundreds of things.
(f) I cannot rely ………….. my memory for names.
Answer:
(a) at
(b) for
(c) in
(d) As
(e) for
(f) on.

Question 2.
In the following sentences certain words or phrases are in italics. Use words or phrases from this extract in their place so as to give the same meaning (refer to para 1-5 only).

(a) The were amazed at the speed of his horse.
(b) Is fresh cheese obtainable in the market there days ?
(c) He rarely forgets the names of his customers.
(d) This picture will be a means of remembering your visit.
(e) That street is full of shopkeepers selling medicines.
(f) Do you think we can trust that porter ?
(g) The thief was forced to turn his pockets put.
(h) What was the reason for his behaviour last night ?
(i) There was a hole in her handbag and several things had dropped out.
(j) Children should be accompanied by at least one ground up person.
Answer:
(a) They were amazed at the speed of his horse.
(b) Is fresh cheese obtainable in the market these days ?
(c) He rarely forgets the names of his customers.
(d) This picture will be a means of remembering your visit.
(e) That street is full of shopkeepers selling medicines.
(f) Do you think we can trust that porter ?
(g) The thief was forces to turn his pockets out.
(h) What was the reason for his behaviour last night ?
(i) There was a hole in her handbag and several things had dropped out.
(j) Children should be accompanied by at least one ground up person.

Question 3.
use the following words once only in the sentence below:
achieve, prescribe, citizen, circumstances, exceptional, imaginative, provincial, reluctant, anticipate, destination.

(a) What did the ………… Nothing. He came away empty-handed.
(b) She was to talk about the of her brother’s death, so I didn’t ask her again.
(c) I …………… a rise in wheat prices in the next few days.
(d) The Central Government has certain powers over the ………….. governments.
(e) The weather has been ………….. for May : very cool and cloudy.
(f) On his passport it says he is a ………….. of India.
(g) The doctor may ……………… penicillin for your bad throat.
(h) We shall reach our …………………. at seven tomorrow morning.
(i) He is a very ………………. cook he often prepares unusual dishes.
Answer:
(a) achieve
(b) imaginative; anticipate
(c) reluctant
(d) provincial
(e) circumstance
(f) citizen
(g) prescribe
(h) destination
(i) exceptional

Forgetting Word Meanings

Article = सामान, सामग्री । publish= प्रकाशित करना | astonished = आश्चर्यचकित । absent-minded = भुलक्कड़ । fellow = साथी । statistical records = सांख्यिकीय, विवरण | efficiency = कार्य-पटुता | compel= बाध्य करना । appointment = मिलने का पूर्व निश्चित समय । long-past = बहुत दिन पहले का । provincial = प्रांतीय । vile = अत्यन्त बुरा । item = वस्तु । scarcely = hardly, admit = स्वीकार करना । perfection = श्रेष्ठता | methodical = नियमानुसार चलने वाला । prescribe = (दवा) लिखना । unwilingly = अनिच्छिापूर्वक । cure-all = हर मर्ज की एक ही दवा, रामवाण । delight = आनन्द देना I stuff = सामना । swallow = निगलना । make their fortunes = अपना भाग्य बना लेते हैं (अर्थात् बेहिसाब कमा लेते हैं) । occur = घटित होना । post = डाक में डालना । relunctant = अनिच्छुक | trust = विश्वास करना | departing visitor = जानेवाला आगन्तुक । weary = थका हुआ । chain of circumstances = घटनाक्रम । embarrass = घबरा देना | umbrella = छाता । achieve = प्राप्त करना ।

property = सम्पत्ति, सामान | destination = गंतव्य । hearts in their boots = उबाऊ, साधारण । dreamland = स्वप्नलोक । angler = मछली (बंसी में) मारने वाला I fishing-rod = मछली मारने की बंसी | magnificent = शानदार, भव्य । behaviour = व्यवहार । reality = वास्तविकता | daydream = दिवास्वप्न देखना । feat = exploit = बड़ा काम | glorious = शानदार । virtue = गुण | Possession = रखना । desirable = वांछनीय । fallible= त्रुटिपूर्ण । superiority = उच्चता, प्रवरता । quote = उद्धृत करना । marvellous = शानदार । intellect = बुद्धि । exceptional = अपवादात्मक, असाधारण | substance = सामग्री, वस्तु 1 statesman = कूटनीतिज्ञ | extraordinarily = असाधारण रूप से । inaccurate = गलत | tempt = लालच दिलाना । sunny = खुली धूप वाला । pause = ठहरना । slip = चुपके से घुस जाना । horror = भय । wheeled away = लुढ़का कर ले गई । terror = भय । anticipate = पूर्वानुमान करना । quickering lips = काँपते हुए होंठ। annoyed = खींझा हुआ । rank = श्रेणी । capable = समक्ष | intitution = संस्था ।

Forgetting Summary in Hindi

Robert Lynd अंग्रेजी में आधुनिक युग के अत्यन्त आनन्ददायक एवं प्रभावशाली निबंधकारों में एक है। निश्चय ही उसकी गणना आधुनिक गद्य के सफलतम लेखकों में की जा सकती है । उसने अपने साहित्यिक जीवन का प्रारम्भ एक अखबार के संपादन से किया था एवं अपने.समय के पत्र-पत्रिकाओं में भी वह लेख लिखा करता था । उसके निबंध सामान्यत: चार्ल्स लैम्ब (प्रसिद्ध अंग्रेजी निबन्धकार) की परम्परा में लिखे होते थे-अंतरंग, नगण्य, विषयों पर, यद्यपि उनमें करना और आकर्षण का एक खासपुट होता था ।

इस आह्लादक निबन्ध का विषय है मानव स्मरणशक्ति की प्रकृति एवं उसकी विचित्रताएँ । लिण्ड के ये विचार एक अखबार में प्रकाशित रेल-यात्रियों के खोये सामानों की सूचियों से प्रेरित हुए हैं । मानव स्मरणशक्ति की कुशलता सचमुच विस्मयकारी है, किन्तु बहुधा यह असफल हो जाती है जिससे तरह-तरह की समस्याएँ उत्पन्न हो जाती हैं। यदि स्मरणशक्ति बहुत अच्छी है तो इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं लगाया जा सकता है कि यह एक प्रखर बुद्धि का द्योतक है। हालांकि संगीत या साहित्य के सभी महारथियों में असाधारण स्मरणशक्ति के प्रमाण मिलते हैं।

लिण्ड अपना निबंध इस स्थापना से प्रारम्भ करता है कि उसके लिए अधिक आश्चर्यजनक है मनुष्य की स्मरणशक्ति की कुशलता न कि उसकी अकुशलता । अखबार में प्रकाशित खोये हुए सामानों की सूची में ऐसा लगा कि कुछ रेल यात्री अपना सामान भूल गये होंगे। किन्तु इस तरह का भुलक्कड़पन बहुत सामान्य हो, ऐसी बात नहीं है । साधारणतया तो टेलीफोन नम्बरों, पतों, भेंट-मुलाकात के पूर्व-निश्चित समयों आदि के मामले में लोगों की याददाश्त बहुत ही अच्छी होती है । फिर भी समय पर दवा खाने आदि जैसे कुछ मामलों में मानव स्मरणशक्ति बहुत अच्छी नहीं होती । मनोवैज्ञानिक तो हमें यह बताते हैं कि हम उन्हीं चीजों को भूलते हैं जो हमें नापसंद होती है । लेकिन कुछ और मामलों में भी अक्सर स्मरणशक्ति काम नहीं करती । उदाहरणार्थ-चिट्ठियाँ छोड़ना या किताबों, घड़ियों जैसी चीजों को ट्रेन या टैक्सी में छोड़ देना । फिर भी अधिकतर लोग सफर में अपनी चीजों के बारे में काफी सतर्कता बरतते हैं । अक्सर स्मरणशक्ति की ऐसी भूलें पुराने लोगों की तुलना में नई उम्र के लोग ही अधिक करते हैं। शायद इसका कारण यही है कि वे बराबर अपने विचारों और दिवास्वपनों में खोये रहते हैं । लिण्ड के विचार से इस तरह – का भुलक्कड़पन कोई दोष नहीं, बल्कि एक गुण ही है-जब हम रूमानी चीजों के ख्यालों में खोये रहते हैं तो नीरस चीजें बिल्कुल भूल जाते हैं।

इसी प्रकार के तर्कों के आधार पर कुछ कमजोर स्मरणशक्ति वाले लोग भी अपनी श्रेष्ठता का दावा पेश करते हैं । असाधारण स्मरणशक्ति वाले लोगों में संभव है अत्यधिक बुद्धिमत्ता न हो । हालांकि महान लेखकों, संगीतशास्त्रियों एवं कलाकारों में उत्कृष्ट स्मरणशक्ति पाई जाती है। फिर भी सामान्य जन में भी अच्छी स्मणशक्ति होती ही है और जिनमें नहीं होती वे उसी प्रकार के अपवाद होते हैं जैसा वह पिता था जो अपने बच्चे को उसकी गाड़ी में घुमाने ले गया और (बच्चे को बाहर छोड़कर) एक शराबखाने में बियर पीने के लिए घुसा और बाद में बच्चे और उसकी गाड़ी को वहीं छोड़कर घर लौट आया-स्तम्भित पत्नी के पास । अन्त में लिण्ड कहता है कि सौभाग्य से हममें से अधिकांश लोगों में कामचलाऊ कुशलता वाली स्मरणशक्ति होती है नहीं तो हमारा पारिवारिक जीवन नष्ट ही हो जाता ।

लिण्ड ने जीवन के एक अति-साधारण तथ्य-लोगों के भुलक्कड़ के आधार पर एक आश्चर्यजनक निबन्ध की रचना की है । लिण्ड के विषय सामान्यतः ऐसे ही अति-साधारण हुआ करते हैं-दैनन्दिन जीवन के कुछ अति-सामान्य तथ्य । लेकिन उन्हीं में से वह कुछ असाधारण निष्कर्ष निकाल लेता है; और वह भी एक अत्यन्त सरल एवं सीधी-सादी शैली में । जैसी एक समीक्षक की अत्यन्त सटीक उक्ति है-“प्रारम्भ में ही लिण्ड के विचार उभरने लगते हैं पाठक का ध्यान बंध जाता है; तर्क तुरंत विकसित होता है और निकष्कर्ष शीघ्र निकल आता है ।

Forgetting Summary in English

Robert Lynd is one of the most delightful as well as illuminating essayists of the modem period. He certainly deserves to be classed among the “Modem Masters” of prose. He began his literary earner by editing a newspaper and writing articles in the journals of his day. His eassys were generally in the Lamb tradition-intimate inconsequential, but with an artistry and charm all their own.

The nature and vagaries of human memory is the theme of this delightful essay. The reflections are occasioned by a list of lost articles by railway traveller published in a newspaper. The efficiency of the human memory is truly wonderful but quite often it fails had creates problems. A very good memory does not necessarily mean a great intellect though all great geniuses in music or literature have exceptional memoris.

Lynd begins this essay with the observation that it is the efficiency of human memory rather than its inefficiency that compels wonder in him. Some railway travellers might have forgotten about their baggage as the list of lost articles published in the newspaper showed. But such absent-mindednessis not a very common thing. Generally people have very good memories for telephone numbers, addresses, appointments, and so on. In ordinary life people remember everything that they need to remember.

But even so human memory performs poorly in certain matters like taking medicines on time. The psychologists would tell us that we tend to forget things we do not like. There are certain other areas also where memory fails oftener. For example, posting letters, or, leaving articles like books or walking-sticks or umbreallas in trains and taxis. Yet most people are quite careful about their belongings as they trvel. Often it is the younger people ratehr than the older ones who suffer from such lapses of memory. Perhaps they remain too much engrossed in their thoughts and daydreams. Lynd thinks that forgetfulness of this kinds is rather a virtue than a vice-when we forget the prosaic for the romantic.

It is on similar grounds that men with fallible memories have tried to make a case for their superiority. Men with exceptional memories may not be possessing great intellect. Thought generally great writers, composers and artists have excellent memories.

Lynd has created a wonderful essay out of a very ordinary-looking fact of life : the absent-mindedness in people. Lynd’s themes are generally trivial looking-ordinary day-to-day facts of life. But he draws profound conclusions from them and in a manner that is utterly simple and straight forward. As one critic has very aptly observed-The point is apparent at the outset; the reader immediately intrigued; the argument swiftly developed; the conclusion short”.

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of Class 12 to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Bihar Board Class 12 Chapter 5 Forgetting English Solutions in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

We believe the information shared regarding Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English 5 Forgetting Questions and Answers as far as our knowledge is concerned is true and reliable. In case of any queries or suggestions do leave us your feedback and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility. Bookmark our site to avail latest updates on several state board Solutions at your fingertips.

We believe the information shared regarding Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English Forgetting Questions and Answers as far as our knowledge is concerned is true and reliable. In case of any queries or suggestions do leave us your feedback and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility. Bookmark our site to avail latest updates on several state board Solutions at your fingertips.

Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Poem 4 The Lake Isle of Innisfree

Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 Book 50 Marks Solutions Poem 4 The Lake Isle of Innisfree Questions and Answers as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapter wise Bihar Board Class 11th English Book Solutions and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

BSEB Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Poem 4 The Lake Isle of Innisfree

Kick start your preparation by using our online resource Bihar Board Class 11 English Solutions. You can even download the Bihar Board Board Solutions for Class 11 Poem 4 The Lake Isle of Innisfree Questions and Answers in Prison free of cost through the direct links available on our page. Clear your queries and understand the concept behind them in a simple manner. Simply tap on the concept you wish to prepare in the chapter and go through it.

Bihar Board 12th English The Lake Isle of Innisfree Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who wrote this poem, “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” ?
Answer:
W. B. Yeats wrote the poem, “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”.

Question 2.
Write the full name of W. B. Yeats.
Answer:
The full name of W. B. Yeats is William Butter Yeats.

Question 3.
When was the poet born ?
Answer:
The peot was born in 1865.

Question 4.
When did the poet passaway ?
Answer:
The poet passed away in 1939.

Question 5.
Who is the “I” in this poem?
Answer:
The poet, W. B. Yeats himself, is the “I” in this poem.

Question 6.
What does the poet hear night and day ?
Answer:
The poet, W. B. Yeats, hears all the time the, “lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore”. The sound attract the poet.

Question 7.
Who says “I will arise and go now” ?
Answer:
The poet himself says, “I will arise and go now”.

Question 8.
What is Innisfree ? Where is it ?
Answer:
Innisfree was a small lake Island with very fine natural scene and scenery. It was an actual place of Ireland. The poet knew this place and he liked it. He-has spent sometime there.

Question 9.
What does the poet say about “peace” in this poem ?
Answer:
Actually the poet enjoys the beauty of Nature. He hopes to get some peace on the Island of Innisfree. He knows that “peace comes dropping slow” “from the veils of the morning” to the place “where the cricket sings”.

Question 10.
What did the poet intend to do there ?
Answer:
The poet, intended to build a small cabin there of clay and wattles.

Question 11.
What does the poet say about the beauty of the small island of innisfree ?
Answer:
The poet, W. B. Yeats, says that the Island of Innisfree is very beautiful. It presents a very attractive sight. The midnight is “all a glimmer and the noon is a ‘purple glow’ there. There morning is very peaceful and the evening is very pleasant. As a matter of fact the island of Innisfree is fully of beauty and charm.

Question 12.
Give a constractive picture of the island of Innisfree and the city where the poet at present lives.
Answer:
The poet at present lives in a town. He does not like this town greatly as the roadways and the pavements are very dull and rough. On the other hand he finds the Island for Innisfree very charming, attractive and fascinating. On the Island he finds the ‘lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore all the time, that is ‘night and day’

Question 13.
Show that you have read and understood the poem “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”.
Or, Show your acquaintance with the poem “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”.
Or, Critically appreciate the poem “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”.
Answer:
“The lake Isle of Innisfree” is a beautiful poem of peace and beauty composed by W. B. Yeats, an eminent poet of our century.

The poet is drawn to the specific beauty of the small island of Innisfree. Actually the poet had once stayed in the island for some time since then he bore a passion for the place. Its natural scenes and sights were quite attractive. He wants to go to Innisfree and build a small cabine with clay and sticks. He will live there all alone. He longs to see nine rows of bean, a bee-hive. There he will enjoy the soft humming music of bees as long as he likes. He will have there solitude.

The poet will get peace and tranquility there. In the second stanza of the poem the poet tries to make abstract concrete. He visualises peace dropping from the veils of the morning like dew drops, cricket sings but that does not spoil the peaceful atmosphere of the morning hours on the contrary perpetuates it. The poet wants to go to Innisfree because there midnight’s all a glimmer and noon a purple glow. He can also enjoy its evening which presents a beautiful sight when the linnets fly in the sky.

The most attractive features of the island is its lake which produces lapping souond when its water touches its shore. It is a continuous process. Hence even if the is far away from it, he hears its soothing music on the roadweay, or on the pavements grey’.

Thus Innisfree, as the poet has painted it, is a small, quiet beautiful place. It can be contrasted with Hardy’s Lyonnesse which is no particular place and may be anywhere. This poem can be compared also with Lyonesse on symbolical level. As Lyonesse is a symbol for Hardy, Innisfree is for yeats, Lyonesse symbolies adventure and romance where as Innisfree stands for peace and simple joys of nature. In the former the thrill one gets is of an unknown and strange place, in the latter it is of the known and familiar place the place which the poet is so food of. Hence Innisfree stands for all such places where our imagination can land us.

The last two lines of the poem remind us of Wordsworthian technique of ending. Some of the typical poems, Wordsworth in his poem “To The Cuckoo” longs to hear, its sweet music. His last but one stanza reads.

And I can listen to thee yet,
Can lie upon the plain
And listen, till I do beget,
That golden time again.

In “Daffodils” we get more befittins comparison. Let us look at.

For often, when on my couch I lie I vacant or in pensive mood. They flash upon that inward eye which is the bliss of solitude.”

And now the last three lines of “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” by the shores; I hear lake water lapping with low sounds while I stayed on the roadway, or on the pavements grey I hear it in the deep heart’s core.

The words used in the poem are simple but meaningful the lines are highly musical. The rhyme scheme in the poem is as followes abab, cded, ef. Thus it is a successful poem.

The Lake Isle of Innisfree Word Meanings

Cabin = छोटा-सा घर । clay = कीचड़ । honeybee = मधुमक्खी । bee-loud glade-a clear open space in the forest which is a full of the noise of bees = मधुमक्खियों की भनभनाहट का स्थान | veil-usually refers to a covering of fine net or, other material to protect or hide a woman’s face = बुर्का | linnet-a small, brown song-bird. It is common in Europe = छोटी चिड़िया |

The Lake Isle of Innisfree Paraphrase

1. will arise ………….. bee land glade.

The poet makes up his mind to go to Innisfree a small lake island in Ireland. On reaching there he will construct a small rough house of clay and sticks. Actually the poet had spent some of his time at Innisfree. He had become quite fond of the place. He vividly remembers some distinguishing features of the place, for instance. Nine bean rows, a bee hive etc. So when he goes to Innisfree, the poet is sure to find nine beanrows,. a bee hive and the clear open space in the forest full of the noise of bees. There he will get solitude and enjoy natural scence and sights.

2. And I shall have ………….. linnet’s wings.

The poet will enjoy peace and tranquility when he reaches Innisfree. He imagines as if peace comes there dropping slow. As the morning is not fully lighted because of mists etc., the poet imagines as if the morning is having a veil, where peace drops as dew drops drop in the morning. If there is any thing to break silence, it is cricket which produces its shrilling music. He longs to go to the island because there he will get peace in the morning bright day, evening full of the music of linnets and midnight with its faint and soothing light.

3. I will arise ………….. hearts core.

But most attractive features of the island of Innisfree is its beautiful lake. He will go there and hear the lapping sound of the gentle waves rising and falling by the bank of the lake. The sound of the lake water is so sweet to his ears that even when he is far away from the island, on the roadway or on the side-walk, he hears it distinctly. The music penetrates his heart. Hence the longing for going to and staying in the island.

The Lake Isle of Innisfree About the Poet

W. B. Yeats was Irish poet and dramatist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1923. He admired and collected old Irish folk tales and legend. Inspired by the heroes, the romance, and the magic of these legends, he often scattered parts of many legends into a single poem. His best known collections from his period are, ‘The Tower’ (1928) and ‘The Winding Stair’ (1929). This poem is a revised version of Yeat’s earlier poem “The Old Pensioner” (1890).

The Lake Isle of Innisfree Summary in Hindi

अब मैं अवश्य उलूंगा और आइनिसफ्री जाऊँगा । वहाँ मैं चिकनी मिट्टी और टट्टर (wattles) से एक कुटिया बनाऊँगा । उस कुटिया में मैं सेम पौधों (bean) की रहस्यमयी नौ कतारों और मधुमक्खियों के भिनभिनाने के संगीतमय स्थान में अकेला रहूँगा। वहाँ मुझे शान्ति मिलेगी। – वहाँ मुझे शान्ति मिलेगी क्योंकि वहाँ जहाँ झींगुर गाता रहता है उषा के पूंघट से शान्ति

धीरे-धीरे उतरती आती है, वहाँ अर्द्ध रात्रि में प्रकाश की झलक रहती है, दोपहर में धूप चमकती रहती है और साँझ की बेला में लिनेट चिड़िया अपने पंख फड़फड़ाती रहती है । इस तरह कवि अपनी भावनाओं को लोगों के सामने स्पष्ट करते हैं कि सामाजिक द्वेष, संघर्ष और स्वार्थ में शान्ति नहीं खोजा जा सकता है, शान्ति तो सिर्फ प्रकृति की गोद में तथा स्वप्नों की दुनिया में मौजूद होती है।

अब तो मैं वहाँ जाऊँगा ही, क्योंकि मैं दिन-रात आइनिसफ्री झील के तट पर पानी की छपछपाहट की धीमी आवाज सुनता रहता हूँ। चाहे मैं सड़क पर या धूी-धूसरित फुटफाथ पर खड़ा रहूँ, हमेशा ही दिन-रात मैं आइनिसफ्री झील के पानी की छपछपाहट का संगी अपने हृदय की गहराइयों में सुनता रहता हूँ।

The Lake Isle of Innisfree Summary in English

Innisfree is a small Island in Ireland, W. B. Yeats had stayed in the island of Innisfree for some time. He enjoyed the natural beauty of the place during his stay there. Here the poet shows his love and admiration for the place. He wants to go to and live in the island of Innisfree. If he peaches there, he will construct a small cabin of clay and sticks and live there in solitude. He will have there nine rows of bean there. He will also be able to see the behieve and enjoy the humming tune from the bees in the open space of the local forest.

The poet wants to go the lake island for peace. He imagines as if peace dropping form the veils of the morning in the same way as dew drops drop. There is silence all around except the sound of the cricket. The island is full of natural beauty. One can find peace and tranquility during the morning hours. One may enjoy bright noon, linnets sweet music during even hours and faint and soothing light at midnight.

The poet in the last stanza explains why he prefers to stay in Innisfree. He seems to hate the noisy atmosphere of the town area. The lapping sound of the lake water seems to call him to Innisfree. Even when he is standing on the road or on the pavements he seems to hear the soft music of the small waves of the lake rising and falling.

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Bihar Board Class 11 English Letter and Application Writing

Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 English aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Bihar Board Solutions for Class 11 Book 50 Marks Solutions Letter and Application Writing Questions and Answers as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapter wise Bihar Board Class 11th English Book Solutions and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

Bihar Board Class 11 English Letter and Application Writing

Kinds of Letters: There are four kinds of letters
1. Private letters-They are written to relatives and friends.
2. Business letters-They are written to merchants or films in connection with the business.
3. Official letters-They are written by one official to another in an official capacity.
4. Applications-They is written for various purposes, e.g., for the job, for grant of leave, etc.

Question 1.
You are Hemant/Himakshi. Write a letter to the editor of ‘National Herald’, New Delhi expressing your anguish over the problems faced by people due to illicit liquor and the deadly chemicals like Anthrax.
Answer:

B/24, Prithvi Raj Road,
New Delhi
March 3,20.

The Editor
National Herald, New Delhi

I Subject: Problems caused by illicit liquor
Sir,
I take this opportunity to express my deep concern and anguish over the problems caused by illicit liquor and deadly weapons like Anthrax. The news of the death of 70 people in Andhra by consuming Tawdy’ and 1 pouch liquor was really disturbing. It is really callous that certain people, in order to make a few fast bucks can play with the lives of other people. It was learnt that the pouch liquor consumed by the people in Andhra was prepared with a methylated spirit-a poisonous substance. Surely, the law dealing with such crimes is inadequate and more teeth should be provided to deal with .such crimes. The punishment should be exemplary so as to have a deterrent effect Similarly, the scare caused among public regarding chemical weapons like Anthrax is of alarming nature. The vulnerable people are being exposed to the threat of such deadly weapons by the extremists. The Govt. Should crackdown on the source of such chemicals that can have widespread damage in the public.

Yours faithfully
Nishant

Question 2.
Write a letter to the Editor of the magazine ‘Expressions’, New Delhi on the deterioration in the standard of living in your city. Give suggestions for improvement Sign yourself as PMR.
Answer:

F104/2, Mira Road, New Delhi
February 16,20
The Editor Expressions

Subject: Regarding deterioration in the standard of living

Sir,

Through the columns of your esteemed magazine, I want to express my concerns over the deterioration in living standard in Sonipat. The city is crying for civic amenities like an efficient sewage system which seems to crumble particularly during the rainy season. The street lighting is pathetic. Potholes have appeared in all the major roads and need immediate attention.

Then ATM facilities are required in the banks. To start with, at least three ATM centers be opened at Subhash Chowk, Hindu College, and Sec-14 Community center. Online Railway Reservation Facilities need to be provided here. Bill collection facilities for electricity and telephone bills should be given in leading banks as well. It will ease the mad-rush at the collection points.

Then Super Bazars are the primary needs today. To provide perfect competition, leading stores should be encouraged to open their outlet in their chain of superstores. All these things will go a long way in improving the living standard in our city and give a face-lift to it also.

Yours truly
PMR

Question 3.
Write a letter to the editor of the Times of India, complaining about the noise pollution in your locality drawing the attention of the Government to take steps to check the same Sign as Gaurav/Gauri, Janta Nagar, Ahmedabad.
Answer.

628/26, Janata Nagar
Ahmedabad
February 19,20

The Editor
The Times of India
New Delhi

Subject: Regarding noise pollution
Sir,
I wish to draw the attention of the concerned authorities towards the 1 noise pollution in our locality through the columns of your esteemed daily. Noise pollution seems to have raining decibels in our locality. Big loudspeakers are blaring noise throughout the day. It is not that the noise decibels rise only during the day. Holy noise from the loudspeakers atop the religious places starts early in the morning. Children getting up early to: concentrate on studies find it very frustrating to find so much of distracting I music drumming into their ears. Then the ‘Jaagrans’ held through out the night are another source of noise pollution. More so, incessant use of pressure horns even in silence zones like hospitals is very disturbing for old land sick persons. People seem to have thrown all the norms to winds and are openly flouting the rules. The Govt, needs to curb such things by taking punitive. I hope you will give proper space to these ideas in your daily.

Yours faithfully
Arundhati

Question 4.
Write a letter to the Editor of the ‘Indian Express’, New Delhi complaining about the frequent breakdown in the supply of electricity in your locality. (Tilak Avenue). Sign yourself as PMR.
Answer:
G-37 Tilak Avenue
Ambala
March 10,20………..
The Editor

Indian Express, New Delhi

Subject: Regarding frequent break down of electricity supply

Sir,

I wish to draw the attention of the concerned authorities towards the frequent breakdown of electricity supply in our locality.

The electric supply^ias been far from satisfactory for for quite some weeks now. The blame Ts put on the transformers which are old ones and far too small in their capacity. It results into frequent tripping and the fuses burning out. The people manning the complaint centres are rude and indifferent to the problems faced by people. It takes hours to get even minor faults attended to.

Then, there is too frequent and unannounced load shedding in our area. Ours is not a power theft prone area and should be not on The priority when the load shedding is required. But surprisingly, our locality has to bear the brunt all the time.

The add to the woes of people, the voltage situation is also very gloomy. It causes heavy loss to the electrical gadgets and some of the are rendered non-working due to poor voltage. Ban on the use of air-conditioners during peak hours should be strictly enforced to improve the power situation.

Yours truly
AMR

Question 5.
You are Amrit/Amritha of Bangalore. You are disturbed at the nonavailability of essential commodities in the Fair Price Shops of your area. Write a letter to the Editor of ‘The Hindu’ drawing the attention of the authorities to the irregularities in the Fair Price Shops. (Word limit 150 words)
Answer:
B-49, Gulab Bagh
Bangalore
March 23,20 ……….
The Editor
The Hindu, New Delhi

Subject: Regarding non-availability of essential items in Fair Price Shops

Sir,

I wish to draw the attention of the concerned authorities towards the nonavailability of essential commodities in the Fair Price Shops in Bangalore.

Life seems to be getting harder and harder for the common man. It is the prime duty of the govt, to ensure that essential commodities like rice, sugar, candles, etc. are available in the Fair Price Shops. But they seem to be performing the vanishing act the moment they appear. Price Shops. But they seem to be performing the vanishing act the moment they appear. ‘Stocks are over’, this is the sign that always welcomes wrong with the distribution system. May be the hoarders and black-marketeers are hand in glove with high-ups in the Govt.

Buying these commodities from the open market makes holes in the pocket of the budget people. It would be heaving sigh of relief for the already burdened common man if the govt, ensured enough supply of essential commodities.

Yours truly
Raman

Question 6.
In a letter to your father, Inform him of your success at the Test Examination and your preparation for the Final Examination.
Answer:

Govinda Mitra Raod,
Patna-4
5th December, 20………….

My dear Father,

Here is a happy pieces of news for you. You will be glad to know that I secured the first position in my class at the Test Examination.

My Final Examination will begin from the 9th March 2009.1 have got a lot of time for my preparation for the Final Examination. I want to use my time properly. I have already read my textbooks thoroughly. Now I am preparing some model questions in each subject. I have made a time-table for my studies. I am preparing each subject well. I devote enough time to writing-work. I hope that I shall finish my preparation by the end of January. Then I will revise my textbooks.

My teachers expect me to secure a good position at the Final Examination. I hope that I shall come up to their expectations.

Please convey my best regards to Mother.

Yours affectionately,
Ravi

Address- Shri Binod Kumar Sharma,
Statin Road,
Darbhanga.

Question 7.
Write a letter to your friend congratulating him on his success in examination.
Answer:

Ashok Road,
Gaya,
June 15, 200…

My dear Rajiv,

I have just heard of your brilliant success in the Senior Secondary School Examination. Accept my heartiest congratulations on your success.

You have achieved a rare distinction. It is not an essay job to secure the first position. I was sure you must achieve this distinction. Your regular and patient labour has been crowned with success. You have brought glory not only to yourself but to all your friends. Your grand success gives me inspiration. I hope your will achieve similar distinction in future.

When will you arrange a dinner to celebrate your brilliant success ? Don’t forget to invite me to the dinner.

With best wishes.

Yours sincerely,
Rina

Question 8.
Your friend is ill. Write a letter of cheers to him.
Answer:

Golakpur,
Patna-6
January 16, 20…

My dear Suresh,

I am sorry to hear of your illness. Today I got a letter from Umesh who has written about your illness.

He says that you are very much nervous. You might be feeling lonely in your hostel. I think your fellow-boarders must be looking after you. It would be better if you are removed to a hospital.

Don’t lose heart. Cheer up. Your disease is not serious. You will recover in a few days. Give up your sadness. You should take complete rest. I hope to hear about your recovery soon.

With best wishes from,

Yours sincere friend,
Shashi

Question 9.
K.A. University, K. a. The city offers a correspondence course leading to a Diploma in Waste Water Management after plus two. You are Deepak/ Deepti Sinha. Write to the Director, Correspondence course, K. A. University for the brochure and prospectus and enquiring about the job opportunities after completing this course.
Answer:

38, Labour Colony, Patna
March 25,20……
The Director
Correspondence Course
Pants University,
Patna City

Subject: Information regarding Diploma in Waste Water Management

Sir,
This has reference to your advertisement in The Hindustan Times regarding the starting of a Diploma in Waste Management in 2008-09 through correspondence. I have appeared for 10 + 2 (Science Stream) exam, in March this year. I would like to blow that are the job opportunities after completing this course. Please elaborate on all the openings through this course.

I am sending a Demand Draft of Rs. 100/- in your favour for sending me the broucher covering other details regarding the course.

Yours Faithfully,
Denesh Singh

Question 10.
Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) has decided to hire one hun¬dred buses for different routes in the city on a per km basis. Write a letter to the Transport Commissioner, DTC, offering ff ve buses to be hired by them on their terms and conditions.
Answer:

Traffic Manager Krishna Bus Service, Patna
Bihar
October 16,20……..
The Transport Commissioner Delhi
Transport Corporation

Subject: Regarding Hiring of Private Buses

Sir,

This has reference to your advertisement in The Hindustan Times dated October 10,20………….. inviting offers for hiring private buses from the transporters.

Ours is a Premier Transport Company having its fleet of more than 150 buses playing on different routes in Bihar, Jharkhand and Nepal Border U.P. and M.P. We have been in this business for the last 50 years. As such, we have got the necessary experience and expertise to handle the volume of passengers.

We have read the terms and conditions laid down by the corporation and promise to abide by them. We offer for hire on km basis five buses from our fleet Our buses are new, comfortable and fitted with CNG kits in keeping with the pollution norms in Delhi. We assure you to provide ultra-modem buses and very polite and expert crew members. Our disciplined drivers and polite conductors will give no room for complaint The inspection of the buses can be done at your convenience with prior intimation. Other formalities of depositing surety money and giving a three-year bond would be completed soon.

Yours faithfully
A.K Deo
traffic Manager

Question 11.
You are Ravi/Rajani living at 5 Ganesb Bagh, Gaya 3. There is a frequent power cut and voltage fluctuation in your area causing great ‘ inconvenience and damaging electrical appliance. Write a letter to the Assistant Engineer of the Electricity Board of your area explaining the difficulties you face, seeking quick action.
Answer:

5. Ganesh Bagh.
Gaya 3
Electric Bihar State Electricity Bo&rd, Gaya

Subject: Complaint Regarding Frequent Power Cuts

Sir,

I, on behalf of the residents of Ganesh Bagh, wish to draw your attention towards frequent power cuts and voltage fluctuations in our area. These fluctuations not only anise great inconvenience but also damage electrical appliances. The transformers installed are of a small capacity resulting in low voltage and fluctuations. Many costly TV sets and refrigerators have been damaged here due to high voltage. Fan motors are burnt out. Overload on transformers causes frequent trippings melting of fuses. It is requested that transformers of bigger capacity be installed to regularise power supply in our area. I hope you will take a personal interest in the matter and get the faulty transformers replaced at the earliest –

Yours faithfully
Jitendra

Question 12.
You are John/Urmila, Staff Secretary Grant Public School, Patna The State Transport bus which is playing in your route at 8 a. m. has become irregular, putting a large number of students and office-goers in great difficulty. Write a letter to the Bus Depot Incharge complaining about it and requesting him to send the has regularly.
Answer:

Doon Public School
Patna.
The Bus Depot Incharge
State Transport Bus Service
Patna

Subject: Regarding Irregular.ar Bus Service

Sir,

I wish to draw your land attention towards the irregular bus service on Rute No. 28 from Patna City to Doon Public School. A large number of students and teachers take the morning bus at 8 a. m.- on this route to reach their destination. But for quite some time now, this bus service has become very irregular patting to inconveniences a lot of daily commuters on this route. Due to disturbed timings of the bus, students reach late in their schools and office goers also are hard-pressed. The earlier bus service is at 7.15 a. m. which is too early for the students. If the bus timings are put back on the right track, lots of commuters can be saved from avoidable ordeal every morning. I hope you would ensure its timely departure from its scheduled station and oblige us.

Thanking you in anticipation

Yours faithfully
Dhanunjay

Question 13.
Write a letter to the Police Commissioner (Traffic) about the inadequate parking facilities in the commercial street area of Patna, which is causing a lot of inconvenience to the people. You may also offer your suggestions to solve it. You are Rakesh/Renu No. 12, Jayanagar, Patna.
Answer:

The Commissioner of Police (Traffic)
Civil Lines
Patna
July 16, 2013……

Subject: Complaint regarding inadequate parking facilities in commercial street.

Sir,

I wish to draw your kind attention to inadequate parking facilities in Commercial Street, Patna.

It is one of the busiest areas of the city and is frequented by thousands every day. People have to park their vehicles at whatever vacant space they find. It not only causes inconvenience to the public in general but has resulted in vehicles’ theft as well. This area has become a haven for auto lifters. Encroachments on public land are also on the rise. Pheri-wallas and street hawkers have grabbed all the land meant for pedestrians.

It is requested that parking lots be provided and be let out to private contractors on a yearly basis. Encroachers should be dealt with firmly and the public land is freed from their possession.

It would be easing congestion in the busiest commercial area of the city.

Yours faithfully
Renu

R/o 12, Jayanagar
Patna

Question 14.
Write a letter to the General Manager, BSNL., complaining about the unsatisfactory working our your Telephone.
Answer:

The General Manager
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.
Patna
10th August 20……….

Subject: Complaint regarding telephone

Sir,

I take this opportunity to bring to your kind notice the unsatisfactory working of my telephone (Tel. No. 2454011). Several complaints made earlier have yielded no result. So, it was imperative for me to bring it to your notice.

My telephone has remained dead for the last two weeks. The fault is said to be in the underground cable, which has failed to be rectified. At times, there is huge sound disturbance and the telephone is rendered unserviceable.

It is requested that the telephone may be restored without any further delay. I have already faced a lot of difficulty due to my non-functional tele¬phone. I hope my telephone is restored immediately failing which I will be left with no choice but to move the Consumer Court for deficiency of service.

Yours faithfully,
Kaushik Kataria.

B-3/72, G. M. Road
Patna

Question 15.
You are Akshaya/Kajol of 123, Parade Ground Road, Secunderabad. You are interested in doing a short-term course in computer programming during summer vacation. Write a letter to the Director, Computer World, Powai, Mumbai, enquiring about the duration of such a course and the terms and conditions for admission.
Answer:

123, Parade Ground Road :
Secunderabad
Andhra Pradesh
May 28,20……..

The Director
Computer World
Powai
Mumbai

Subject: Information regarding short-term computer programming course

I have just passed my 10 + 2 exam, and desirous of joining short-term computer programming course at your institute. Your premier institute is the clear-cut market leader in computer education. So, I have decided to pursue this crash course. I would feel obliged in you send me the following information at the earliest

(i) Exact duration of the course.
(ii) Total fees payable for the course including tuition fees and hostel charges.
(iii) Last but not the least, I would like to know if each student is provided individual computers at your institute. I won’t like to share my computer with any other student at all.

Thanking your

Yours faithfully
Akshaya.

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Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Chapter 3 Good Manners

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BSEB Bihar Board 12th English Book 50 Marks Solutions Chapter 3 Good Manners

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Bihar Board Class 12 English Good Manners Text Book Questions and Answers

Question 1.
a. What happened to the healthy young man ?
Answer:
The healthy young man became quite weak even after recovery from the severe attack of influenga.

b. What did the young man notice in trains and buses afterwards ?
Answer:
Afterwards the young man notice in trains and buses the story young men sitting comfortably while some of the older people who looked exhausted like himself kept standing.

c. What did he always do afterwards ?
Answer:
Afterwards wherever he travelled by a train or bus became quite considerate and kind to older people and offered his own seat to one who was in need of a seat.

d. What should you be careful of when speaking to some one ?
Answer:
When speaking to some one we should be careful of our expression, we should see that whatever we speaking is sufficiently enettigible to the listeners.

e. What does the writer of this extract say about truth ?
Answer:
The writer of this extract says that truth is never a one sided affair. It takes two to speak the truth; one can not speak the truth by saying what one thinks is truth. What we say is never an absolute truth for it has different meaning for different persons under different situations.

f. What should be the rule about conversation ?
Answer:
We should be careful about our speech while conversing with others. We should try to follow some principles in this regard. In our general conversation if the company is large, we should take only fair share of it and allow others to speak. If we are only two, each one of us should share it equally. It is quite tiring to go on listening so when one has already spoken a little, one should keep quite and allow the others to speak. If he does not respond it means he does not like the conversation to continue.

g. Why should you be careful when talking about other people ?
Answer:
When talking about other people we should be careful because any thing spoken about them is likely to find a way to them in one form or other.

h. What did the picture of the bull fight prove ?
Answer:
The picture of the bull-fight proved that one may be absolutely wrong while showing one’s confidence in being absolutely correct/right.

i. What factors produce good manners ?
Answer:
Compassion and realisation of one’s limitations produce good manners.

j. What is the meaning of I shall not pass this way again ?
Answer:
According to Christian doctrine there is no rebirth for any being. A man comes only once in this world so there is no charice for his second coming. Hence he should not miss the chance of helping those who desire or deserve our help.

In exercises 2 to 4 below, re-write all the sentences like sentence (ii) below.

Question 2.
(i) Perhaps he will be severely injured,
(ii) He may be severely injured.

a. Perhaps he will be promoted next year.
Answer:
He may be promoted next year.

b. Perhaps the com will be cut next weak.
Answer:
The com may be cut next year.

c. Perhaps the results will be announced on Tuesday.
Answer:
The results may be announced on Tuesday.

d. Perhaps the theatre will be closed tomorrow.
Answer:
The theatre may be closed tomorrow.

Question 3.
(i) Would you please post this letter for me.
(ii) I should be greatful of you would post this letter for me.

a. Would you please turn the light off.
Answer:
I should be greatful if you would turn the light off.

b. Would they please get the dinner ready ?
Answer:
I should be greatful if they would get the dinner ready.

c. Would be please repair my type writer.
Answer:
I should be greatful if the would repair my type writer.

d. Would you please leave the room.
Answer:
I should be greatful if he would leave the room.

Question 4.
(i) Say a little, then keep quite.
(ii) When you have said a little, keep quiet.

a. Take your shoes off, then go upstairs.
Answer:
When you have taken your shoes off, go upstairs.

b. Load your gurs, then wait for the Command.
Answer:
When you have loaded your guns, wait for the command.

c. Read the text, then answer the questions.
Answer:
When you have read the text, answer the questions.

d. Light the stove, then put the kettle on it
Answer:
When you have lighted the stove, put the kettle on it.

Question 5.
In this extract there are the words ? and it would save great deal of argument and annoyance if people paid attention to it Use this as a model and put the verbs below in their appropriate tenses.

a. It (be) very helpful if you (give) we an advance of salary.
Answer:
It would be very helpful if you gave me an advance of salary.

b. if i (go) to England I (go) by plane.
Answer:
If I went to England I would go by plane.

c. He (learn) a lot more if he (read) more widely.
Answer:
He would leam a lot more if he read more widely.

d. If you (climb) that hill you (have) a good view.
Answer:
If you climbed that hill you would have a good view.

Question 6.
In the sentence below certain words or phrases are in italics.
Use words or phrses from this extract the place so as to give the same meaning (refer to paras I-II only).

(a) India has a very large number of people.
(b) The building was very badly damged.
(c) Your duty is to look after the house.
(d) Those dogs cause us a great deal of trouble.
(e) Don’t worry about my servant; you can speak quite openly.
(f) Don’t talk too loudly, the enemy may hear what you are saying.
(g) You must come to court and give a report about the accident.
(h) He is perfectly sure about passing the examinatioin.
(i) Please write a short summary of this lecture.
(j) I am reasonably sure about it.
Answer:
(a) India has a very large population.
(b) The building was dangerously damaged.
(c) Your responsibility .is to look after the house.
(d) Those dogs cause us a great deal of annoyance.
(e) Don’t worry about my servant; you can speak quite frankly.
(0 Don’t talk too loudly, the enemy may overhear.
(g) You must come to court and give a evidence about the accident.
(h) He is perfectly confident about passing the examination.
(i) Please write a short account of this lecture.
(j) I am considerable sure about it.

Question 7.
Use the follwoing words or phrases once only in the sentences below: artificial, sympathy, defer, fragile, attack, complain, insult, take a dislike, uniform, neglect.
(a) My neighbour has ……… to me, so he often ……… about my dog.
(b) You must never ……… your ……… keep itclean and pressed.
(c) I have ……… no for people who beat their children.
(d) He has had an ……… of fever, so he will ……… the meeting until Thursday.
(e) The roses on that box are ……… they are made of glass and are very ………
(f) Don’t call a person a pig, as it is a bad ………
Answer:
(a) take a dislike; complains
(b) neglect, uniform
(c) sympathy
(d) attack; defer
(e) artificial; fragile
(f) insult.

Question 8.
Some people have bad manners. What bad manners, in your opinion, are the worst ?
Answer:
Young people usually make a fun of the old, weak or handicapped persons. While travelling by a bus or train they do not like even to accommodate them not to talk of vacating their seats for them. At the crossing the cyclists hurl abuses at them. When they find it difficult to cross the roads.

But the worst type of bad manners may be noticed when they take their appreciation quite literally. An appreciation is considered as a depreciation. Suppose a young man is smartly dressed in Khaki and an old lady remarks ‘Just as a police man’. The young man would sharply react because by police man he understood a police constable which he never liked to be. But the old lady knowing no distinction between a police man and a police officer passed that remark in appreciation of the man. Here the sharp, offensive words of the young man would be a sing of worst incivility in him.

Good Manners Word Meanings

Fold-people = लाख गीत Influenza-a type of disease like a very bad cold = एक तरह का बुखार | prenomonia-serious illness with inflammation of one or both lungs = एक प्रकार की भयंकर बीमारी | recovered-became cured = पुनः प्राप्त करना tryina-difficult, troublesome = कठिन gradually-by slow degree – धीरे – धीरे to make fun-to ridicule, mock, to laugh at severe to blows serious attacks = मजाक उडाना fragile-annoyance vexation = ठीका कारन tiresomeirritating = थकावट shorts-pant = पेंट silly-foolish = मूर्ख literally-taking only the surface meaning = साहित्यिक

greatful-to be obliged = क्रुतग्न franklyclearly = स्पष्ट रूप से constantly- continuously = लगातार delighted-happy, pleased = प्रसन्न exhausted-tired = थका हुआ assume-think = मानना overbear-hear without the knowledge of the speaker, hear by chance = कभी-कभी सुनना | evidence-anything that proves something = प्रमाण । knock over-run over = कटकटाना bull fight-a sport in Spain = स्पेन में सीढ़ी की लड़ाई का खेल | account-description = वर्णन limitations-things which unit our character or abilities making us weaker = सीमा humble-showing a modest opinion of oneself; one’s position = विनम्र defer-put off to a later time, postpone = त्याग देना

Good Manners Summary in Hindi

Good manners J.C. Hills का एक विचारात्मक निबन्ध है उनका कहना है कि हमारे जीवन में सद्व्यवहार का अत्यधिक महत्व है । इनसे हमारा जीवन शान्तिपूर्ण और सुखद बनता है। कुछ समय पहले हमलोग इसकी महत्ता को नहीं समझते थे । वास्तविकता तो यह है कि अच्छे ढंग या अच्छा व्यवहार हमारी सतत् सहायता करता है । वयस्कों को चाहिए कि वे बूढ़ों का आदर करें । यदि हम बूढ़े और अपने से बड़े का आदर करेंगे तो हमारा भी आदर और सम्मान होगा। यह संसार का विधान है यदि हम दूसरों का सम्मान करते हैं तो दूसरे भी हमारा सम्मान करेंगे। बलवान व्यक्ति को चाहिए कि वे कमजोरों को सदा सहायता करें। अतः यदि हम बड़े और कमजोर की सहायता करेंगे तो एक दिन हम भी सुख का अनुभव करेंगे।

मुझे एक युवा व्यक्ति की एक कहानी याद आती है । वह बलवान, कठिन और परिश्रमी एवं दयालु था । वह बहुत ही सक्रिय था । लेकिन उसके मन में उनके लिए कोई सहानुभूति नहीं थी जो उसे नहीं चाहते थे । एक बार ऐसी घटना घटी कि वह बीमार पड़ गया । वह बहुत कमजोर हो गया। उसने अपनी शक्ति खो दी । अब उसने महसूस किया कि वह अब निःसहाय है । इसके बाद उसने अपने जीवन की पद्धति बदल डाली । उसने वृद्ध और कमजोर लोगों से प्यार करने लगा । जब कभी वह यात्रा पर जाता था वह अपनी जगह कमजोर और बूढ़े को दे देता था।

इस संदर्भ में लेखक सलाह देता है कि बूढ़े और कमजोर के प्रति हमें दया और सहानुभूति प्रदर्शन करना चाहिए । हमें प्रत्येक उम्र के दीन-दुखियों के प्रति सहानुभूति रखनी चाहिए। हमें यह मानना चाहिए कि कमजोर व्यक्ति भी एक समय महान् और प्रसिद्ध योद्धा रहा होगा । सही मायने में हमें अपने जीवन को आसान बनाना चाहिए । हमें जीवन के हर क्षेत्र में साफ सुथरा रहना चाहिए । किसी के साथ अभद्रतापूर्ण व्यवहार नहीं करना चाहिए । एक अमेरिकन लेखक के अनुसार सच बोलना चाहिए और सच सुनना चाहिए ।

एक जगह लेखक हमें सलाह देता है कि किसी के प्रति कटु वचन का व्यवहार नहीं करना चाहिए, किसी की पीछे बुराई नहीं करनी चाहिए । हमारे समाज में स्पष्ट वक्ता बनना आसान नहीं है । कुछ लोग सिर्फ बातें ही करते हैं । वे दूसरों की सुनना नहीं चाहते हैं । वास्तव में यह बहुत बुरी आदत है । संगीत में सभी को बोलने का समान अवसर देना चाहिए।

सही माने में अच्छे ढंग संगति से और पानी अपनी सीमा के ज्ञान से आता है हमें सतत् ध्यान में रखना चाहिए कि हम विनम्र हैं और संसार सबसे छोटे व्यक्ति हैं । हमें दयालुता और मित्रता को बढ़ाना चाहिए ।

इस तरह हम कह सकते हैं कि हम जीवन के वास्तविक आनन्द का अनुभव तभी कर सकते हैं जब हम अच्छे ढंग का अनुगमन करेंगे । यदि हम अच्छे ढंग और सुसभ्य हैं तो हमारी प्रसिद्धि होगी । हमें सदा स्वतन्त्र और स्पष्ट बनकर बिना समाज को नुकसान पहुँचाए रहना चाहिए ।

Good Manners Summary in English

“Good Manners” are most desirable when a young man are with older people. They require his sympathy. Young people should treat older persons kindly and sympathetically. They should be considerate to them. They should try to make life easy for older people. When they grow old they will feel happier for having helped when they could.

Good manners are also important when younger people are in the company of their friends. They should he clear in their speech so that bearers may have no difficulty in understanding them. One should change ones expression from person to person because the same word may carry different meanings 4 for different people. Young people should be polite in their day to day dealings.

Sometimes even complementary words from elderly persons irritate young men. If an elderly lady looking at a boy’s dress enquires whetler he is a boy scout he should not feel insulted. The lady might have been impressed by. his . smartness. It is only foolish people who take such remarks literally. They should try to understand the intended meaning of the speaker. One must be very cautious in one’s conversation.

A man can be frank with those who welcome frankness, otherwise he should be guarded in his speech. Conversation is never a one way traffic. It requires at least two sides. When one is engaged in talk, one should also allow the listener to express himself. One who goes on speaking without alloing others to speak is called a bore. So a speaker should turn a listener after speaking for some time. Sometimes it is Quite pleasant to be quiet when the other man in company does not like the talk to continue.

It is never decent to speak ill of someone behind his back nor it is safe to soeak so because our remarks usually find their way to the person with our k name attached.

We usually think that only we are right others are quite wrong. This over confidence is not wanted in a polite society. So in our argument with other persons we should remember that there is all possibility of our being wrong, however confident we may feel about it.

Good manners come from compassion, understanding and realisation of one’s limitations. What we very confidently call the truth is just our truth and part of a larger Truth. We should always keep in our mind that we are humble, unimportant little people on this earth. We should try to help the world as much as we can in our short stay on this earth. Fellow feeling and kindliness are essential human virtues. We should try to help our fellow men as much as we can because we may not get another chance to come in this world as human beings.

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