Priyanshu

Bihar Board Class 12th English 50 Marks Important Short Answer Questions Poetry Section

Question 1.
A Who wrote “The Daffodils” ?
Answer:
William Words worth wrote “The Daffodils”.

Question 2.
What did he see at a glance ?
Answer:
Willian Wordsworth saw thousands of golden daffodils at a glance.

Question 3.
In which condition did he see the daffodils beside the lake ?
Answer:
William Wordsworth saw the daffodils dancing and tossing in the gentle breeze beside the lake.

Question 4.
What does the poet feel to see the daffodils ?
Answer:
The poet feels very happy and he is overjoyed to see the daffodils in the garden.

Question 5.
Why does the poet enjoy the beauty of the golden daffodils ?
Answer:
The poet enjoys the real pleasures of Nature to see the daffodils twinkling like the stars on the milky way.

Question 6.
What did the poet see and where ?
Answer:
The poet saw a large number of golden daffodils growing by the side of a lake beneath the trees. They presented a very lovely sight and good look like the stars which shine and twinkle in the sky.

Question 7.
What was the impression of the poet on seeing the daffodils ?
Answer:
The daffodils had a very good impression on the mind of the poet. He enjoyed the golden daffodils like the countelss stars shining in the milky way of the sky at night. Actually the daffodils were spread over a very wide area on the bank of the lake. They presented a very good look and beautiful sight.

Question 8.
Who wrote the poem “Echo” ?
Answer:
Walter De La Mare wrote this poem, “Echo”.

Question 9.
What is the central idea of tech poem, “Echo” ?
Answer:
The central idea of the poem is mystery behind an echo. To the poet, it seems that he is being followed by some persons who always try to answer back whatever he says.

Question 10.
Who is “I” in the poem ?
Answer:
The poet is “I” in this poem.

Question 11.
Why were the birds baf fled ?
Answer:
Actually the birds were baffled or confused to hear the entire forest producting an echo. They did not see the people forest but they heard the voices answering to the poet.

Question 12.
Give two examples of anomatopoeia ?
Answer:
The word anomatopoeia is a figure of speech which means sound – signifying sense. For this word two examples are
(i) hissing
(ii) shispering.

Question 13.
What do you understand by the following lines.
“Eyes in the green, in the shade,
In the motionless brake,
Voices the said what I said,
For mockery’s sake”.
Answer:
In the above said stanza the poet means to say that he looked here and there that is, “in the green in the shade”, but he found no one there Naturally is seemed to him that somebody was replying to him mockingly.

Question 14.
Who wrote the poem, “If” ?
Answer:
Rudyard Kipling wrote this peom, “If”.

Question 15.
What qualities and habits should a person cultivate to attain success in life ?
Answer:
It is very difficult to assess what qualities and habits should possess to get success in life. Actually the man who wants to get success in life must . have a clam, steady and resolute mind and temper. He must learn how to work hard. He must not be confused. He must not be hopeless and nervous. He must not be bewildered and perturbed to meet with danger difficulty and failure. Buthe should go on making efforts again and again.

Question 16.
Why are “Trimph”and “Disaster” called imposters ?
Answer:
It is true to say, That generally all of us are affected with triumph and disaster. We are very happy when we get success. On the other hand we I hopeless and nervous when we meet with failures and disasters. As a matter of fact “Triumph” and

“Disaster” are personified. They are imagined here as two persons whom we may come across in our life. They are governed by false appearances which deceive them to feel delight or grief. This is why they are called imposters. That is, persons who pretend to be What they are not.

Question 17.
Who wrote this poem, “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” ?
Answer:
W. B. Yeats wrote the poem, “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”.

Question 18.
Who is the “I” in this poem ?
Answer:
The poet, W.B. Yeats himself, is the‘I’in this poem,

Question 19.
What does the poet say about “peace” in this poem ?
Answer:
Actually the poet enjoys the beauty of Nature. He hopes to get some peace on the island of Innisfree. He knows that, “peace comes dropping slow” “from the veils of the morning” to the place “where the cricket sings”.

Question 20.
What did the poet intend to. do there ?
Answer:
The poet intended to build a small cabin there of clay and wattles.

Question 21.
What does the poet say about the beauty of the small island of innisfree ?
Answer:
The poet, W. B. Yeats, says that the island of Innisfree is veiy beautiful. It presents a very attractive sight. The midnight is “all a glimmer” and the noon is a ‘purple glow’ There. The morning is very peaceful and the evening is very pleasant. As a matter of fact the island of Innisfree is fully of beauty and charm.

Question 22.
Explain: but everyone was bird, and the song was wordless, the singing will never be done,
Answer:
The news of the Armistic made everyone happy and joyful body was jubilant and overjoyed. Everyone felt the same joy that a caged bird feels when it is suddenly let loose and is allowed to fly at its sweet wile over orchards and green meadows. As a matter of fact the song was in every one’s heart.

Question 23.
What is Innisfree ? Where is it ?
Answer:
Innisfree was a small lake island with very fine natural scene and scenery. It was an actual place of Ireland. The poet knew this place and he liked it. He had spent sometime there.

Question 24.
How does the poet express his sense of relief from the confinement and horror of french to warfare ?
Answer:
The poet had taken active part in the first world war. Actually he was a commissioned officer. During the war period he had to lead a cabined and confined life is same joy after getting freed one like the caged birds when they are made from then their respective cages. He was very pleased as he got relief from the confinement and horror of french to war fare.

Question 25.
How does the poet express his send of sadden ecstasy ?
Answer:
There was a sudden outburst of song all around when the news of armistice came it was a day of great joy and happiness. Actually the poet’s heart was filled with the pleasure felt by caged birds when they are suddenly released and allowed to fly with a new found liberty over orchards and meadows. There was universal rejoicing, with the breath of new life that was on the air every body was possessed with the glad emotions of song birds.

Bihar Board Class 12th English 50 Marks Important Long Answer Questions Prose Section

Question 1.
Discuss the essay that deal with practical affairs of life,
Answer:
In our anthology, there are three essay that deal specifically with practical affairs of life. They are Good Manners, On Letter Writing, and ‘os-getting. Good Manners is a very valuable essay. It is in the young age that the foundation of life is laid down. And when we go through the essay we understand why politeness, courteous behavior, gentle tale and etiquette should be observed.

J.C. Hill, the author of the piece, gives many examples from real life to show how personal weakness of weakness and discomfort taught one to be respectful to older people and be caring about them. For instance, there was a robust young man who became weak after an attack of influenza.

He found it painful to see young men sitting comfortably when he and a few elderly persons remained standing. When he got back his strength he used to vacate his seat for and old person because he could bear a little discomfort. In buses and trains one should always be extra caring about older people.

On Letter Writing is another valuable piece. In our own age letters have become obsolete. But writing letters to superiors of friends gives a person not only an opportunity to express oneself but also teaches him what should be communicated, what should not be and what should be the inoffensive mode of communication. There are many people who just cannot think of what to write about.

For them A.G. Gardiner has a simple advise-letter writing has a personal note. You must write to your mother sister or a friend about your present state of affairs as if you were really talking to them. Forgetting;s als0 full of practical things about memory. Generally, people are worried about their habit of forgetting; they are amazed at the powerful memory of others.

But forgetting, A.G Gradiner tells us forgetting is very natural. One cannot and should not force one’s mind to remember all. It is quite natural for a person to forget where he put away his cap, spectacles or umbrella. Absentmindedness is a virtue which enables us to remember only the most important facts and details. To remember all is to become a machine.

Question 2.
How, according to CEM Joad, is a modem civilization different from old ones?
Answer:
In his thought-provoking essay, Our own civilization, C.E.M. Joad has presented a nice analysis of the modem civilization which is quite different from old one.

The first point of difference between the modem civilization and the old ones is in the use of such gadgets and machines that have made our domestic and outdoor lives quite comfortable. For instance, a man simply has to switch on a system be which water for his bath can be heated or a safety razor can be made to shave.

Water for tea can also be heated in an electric Kettle. This power supply has led to use to a number of machines with the help of which domestic chores can be performed without much effort. Everything takes place in an easy manner and can be monitored well. This puts a working man woman in a frame of mind in which he can ready himself quite in a pleasant manner.

Information of the nation and the world comes in the form of newspapers to which communication has been sent by telephone or teleprinter. Printing is also easier because of powerful machines that can print copies in large number.
In office also more work can be done because of the help provided by new gadgets.

The instructions of the boss of a company are put down in shorthand, typed, corrected and sent to all important places with the help of teleprinters.

Means of travelling have sufficiently multiplied to offer men a number of choices. One can travel by train or air and can cover long distance in a short time. In this way, the modem civilization has provided men with such tools that have increased their efficiency and reach.

Question 3.
How is order and safety vital for the survival of modern civilization? ‘
Answer:
After noting down the positive features of the modem civilization, C.E.M. Joad refers to an important factor that has contributed to its growth. He says that maintenance of order and safety has played a large role in the building up of the modem civilization.

Since thing are to be manufactured in large quantity and on a large scale, it is needed that the manufactures and suppliers operate in an atmosphere of safety. A scientist must work in a safe location where he can concentrate on work without fear of burglars or robbers.

All this has been possible because of better maintenance of law and order. Every government in the world sees to it that its citizens and professionals live and more about in a state of safety.

This safety extends to patients also. Surgery is done with the help of an aesthesia, the drugs that temporarily dull a part of body or make a person unconscious for a short duration. Without such a disappearance of pain that takes place in such a condition, it would have been impossible to save the lives of men and women who suffer serious injuries.

C.E.M. Joad therefore gives credit to the political movements in the early years of the twentieth century that led to a revolution in the world of law-making. All important areas of civic life have been brought under the purview . of law. Man has been provided guaranteess of life and provided that enable him to devote his energies towards constructive work and research.

Question 4.
Summarize the experiences that Stephen Leacock had with the photographer.
Answer:
This essay was written by Stephen Leacock when photography was in its infancy and very crude methods were adopted for all its stages-taking the photograph, developing it and making it more attractive.

The writer begins with his entry into a studio. A Thin, weak person, who was the photographer, made him wait in the reception room where the atmosphere was quite dull. To pass his time the Writer turned his attention to glossy magazines lying on the table. There were many of them. The writer – passed an hour in this without getting a call from the photographer.

At last the photographer signalled to his to came inside. The interior was a dark room. He made the writer sit on a stool. He then tried to look at him through the lens of the camera. He then remembered that he had not opened the windows.

After allowing a little light to enter into the room he again busied himself, this time, in so adjusting the angle of the writer’s face that it could make better impression. But he hurt the writer physically and mentally by making long remarks on his features-mouth, ear, eyes, everything that matters in a photography.

The worst scene occurred when the writer went for the delivery of the photograph. He found that the phtograph virtually bore nor resemblance to his face. Every featured had been attered or retouched in the name of giving a finished look. The essay in actually a catologuing of the mannerism and whims of the old-school photographers. They pretended that they were providing a better look to men and women by their camera.

Question 5.
What is the importance of good manners in life ?
Answer:
A very important fact of life is that no man is entirely alone. He is at home, at school or college, in office, in a bus or a train. Since he is interacting with people at all times he needs to adjust his behaviour with others. The value of good manners is herein this sphere of man’s interaction with others.

A man must show politeness and courtesy towards other and follow etiquette. If he does not do this he may annoy other, hurt their feelings and may be himself treated badly.

The author says that speaking truth blantly can also hurt others. For instance, if somebody asks your whether you will be taking a route to post office he does not expect to hear your walking plans. He is actually requesting you to a post a letter. In the same ways no body can say that the weather is not good in response to ‘Good morning.’

Our polite behaviour to our elders restores their self-respect. We do not realize that our teachers and parents have, to sacrifice a lot to make our life pleasant and comfortable. It is our duty, therefore; to be sensitive to their needs and even their moods. In case they are corrs with us, it would not do not retaliate with them.

Good manners create an environment in which we can work pleasantly anywhere. Therefore we must not simply cultivate good skills, we must be careful in learning all that makes good manners at different places. Manners will vary at home and in office, in a bus or in a cinema hall. And we must learn the nuances that characterize good manners in different situations.

Question 6.
What factors produce good manners?
Answer:
According to J.C. Hill, the writer good manners come from having sympathy with others and from understanding of our own limitations. Of the two sources that he has cited one is moral and the other is philosophical. We fell sympathy for others on the basis of imagination. A man is in trouble.

On seeing we have sympathy for him because our mind induces in us the feeling that we can be similar trouble. As we would expect kindness and good behaviour from others, it is necessary that we should show the same towards other. Sympathy is thus a chief sources of good manners. We cannot be rude to others once we realize that we would not like to be treated in as rude manner by anyone.

The second source is the understanding of our limitations. A man of true understanding know that he is not perfect. He may have certain good things and qualities but this does not entitle him to underestimate the goodness of other. Once we are conscious that the person we are with at a given moment has the propensities and expectations that we have we cannot be in civil to h im. This is a philosophical view of the world.

Instead of finding defects and weaknesses in others we should see our image in them-an image that has a number of deficiencies. This understanding inclimes us to adopt a human approach towards the others of which good manners are a necessary part. Good manners are thus not born of memorizing a set of rules but of a view of life that has an ethical and philosophical aspect.

Question 7.
What, according to the author, are the commonest forms of forgetfulness? Why does the author say absent-mindedness may be a virtue?
Answer:
In all personal essays there is more of a humorous account of situations than a objective study of it. Robert Lynd also take his readers to a humorous account of the results of forgetting. His purpose is not to present a psychological study of the phenomenon.

Forgetting is a common lapse of memory, connected with persons, immediate happenings, it can be very personal. That is a person’s mind will be selective in its memory as well as in its lapse-a man is prone to forget certain spellings, certain words, certain numbers, certain faces and so on in all such situation he is likely to expose himself to all sorts of embarrassment to himself and others.

Robert Lynd gives certain personal examples to underline this embarrassment. The anecdotes he has selected are all highly enjoyable, narrated is a style in which every word or turn of phrase contributes to the humorous effect. Incidentally it should be brone in mind that this humour and it is true not merely of Roberts Lynd but of all personal essayists-tries no to make us laugh but to chuckle. The intention is actually to view human situation and nature satirically. Again, this satire is not critical. It is only a comic view of things, so to speak.

Shorn of all serious purpose the short essay makes a delightful reading. At moments it appears that the writer virtually enjoys this lapse of memory as it j enables him to respond to various social affairs-particularly those which are V hot to his taste and temperament-in a way that lessens his pain.

Narrated in a series of anecdotes, sometimes quite unrelated, it is a very careful efforts to put chaos into some order. Robert Lynd holds a distinguished place among writers write effortlessly. The simple diction sustains the interest of the reader, makes the ideas intelligible and creates a flavor of relaxation and enjoyment.

In a world that is getting so dreary and painful there is great importance of such writing that enables as to relish the odd sides of our day- to-day life. The writer’s wish is quite noble her -instead of sermonizing, he ^ chooses the stand of an observer to whom our trivialities are perfectly visible.

There is no purpose of reform, nor of Sermonising. The aim of the essayists is to merely let us share with him a scene in its comic details.

The total effect of the essay is to present the act of forgetting from a comic angle so that we could take it easily and continue to indulge in it to presence the normally of our mind.

Question 8.
Why do some people have difficulty in writing letters?
Answer:
Although the age of letter writing is actually over in this age of mobile phones and short message services, it is interesting to read A.G. Gardiner’s account of the history of the letter-writing – its glorious phase as well as its decline.

He begins with a scene of leave-taking of two brothers, both of whom admit to experience difficulty in writing letters. This leads the writer to comment on the causes that lead to difficulty. Generally, people thick that a letter must have a serous content. But it is a wrong notion. Letters should be full of intimate personal details that we ordinarily share with our brothers, friends, mother and sometimes even with our authoritative father.

If only a person could describe the atmosphere and the mood at his writing time he could finish off with a nice letter through a letter we don’t wish to reflect on serious political simple intention in to acquaint our friends or relative with our present condition.

Rightly does Gardiner say that Bill could not describe the retreat from Mons but he could have told about the blister he got on his heel, how he hungered for smoke, how he marched and marched until he fell asleep. There is an illustration from Carlyle.

There is nothing his letter which gives hint of his literary background. The letter talks of the good old mother struggling with composition, the darkness of the Saturday night, and the activities of Jenny and children. If a letter-writer follow this model of connecting himself with these seeming trivialities he can overcome the mental block and write a good letter.

Question 9.
How did Robin help Jim Corbett in looting and killing the leopard?
Answer:
One evening Jim Corbett, along with Robin, was out in the jungle. He always kept a rifle with him on such outings. Suddenly, from inside the bushes on the side, a full-grown male leopard confronted him. Quickly, Jim Corbett aimed at him but he missed his heart. The leopard’s right shoulder was injured and he jumped off in pain. As Corbett has to take care of his sister at home and as it was getting dark he returned.

The next morning both Jim Corbett and Robin, the trained dog, came out to locate the wounded leopard. They walked carefully in the direction the animal had taken. After a short distance, Corbett noticed that Robin had stopped. It was sign of the presence of the leopard.

Following Robin’s gaze, Corbett only saw the tip of the leopard’s raised tail. Before Corbett could take a decision the leopard sprang at him and Robin. By a sheer reflex action Corbett touched the trigger of his. 275 rifle whose bullet passed under the leopard’s belly. The leopard in pain ran beyond the bushes.

They followed the leopard who managed to conceal himself under bushes that rose quite high. Jim Corbett had again to give up to trial.On the third day Corbett spotted the leopard, after a tiring chase, hidden inside thick bushes. This time the leopard and expressed its anger at the sight of Corbett and Robin.

Again it was not possible to predict what he would do. But as Corbett swung to the side the leopard sprang at him, which made him fire several rounds instantly. As a result of its the leopard fell dead at a distance, Robin meanwhile slipped away and would have lost its way but for the close scrutiny of Jim Corbett. Robin licked Corbett”s face to appreciate that he had hurt himself in any way in this exploit.

Bihar Board Class 12th English Important Questions

Bihar Board Class 12th English 50 Marks Important Short Answer Questions Prose Section

Question 1.
Show how a person relies on machinery in his daily life. Give four examples.
Answer:
At present all the people in the world depend on machinery to perform different kinds of household and office work. The water that we need to, wash ourselves, to bathe or to use in kitchen is supplied through a network of pipes by the water works department. The gas that is used for cooking is supplied in every house by again a network of pipes.

Telephone or mobile phone has also become an important part of our daily life. And the car or the bus or the metro that people use to reach their place of work is also an example of the indispensability of machinery in modem man’s daily life.

Question 2.
Do men invent machines because they are lazy ?
Answer:
At first glance it does appear that men invent machines because they are lazy. But this is far from die truth. Machines take a long tune to be invented there goes behind then die patient study, investigation and labour of a dedicated team of scientists and research assistants.

Could a lazy man have done this ? In fact, machines have been invented by man to perform his work with greater efficiency.

Question 3.
Why are order and safety necessary for civilization ?
Answer:
What we call civilization is the work of thinkers, writers, artists, doctors and engineers. Our grand houses, big roads, metros, railways, aircraft and medicines are things and facilities developed by experts.

But can we imagine that adoctor can attend to a patient when he is threatened by a criminal or when he has the risk of being attacked in his house? All this work of development has been possible because of order and safety. It is this that creates the atmosphere in which men can carry on their pursuit of science, technology research and art.

Question 4.
What is our Chief hope for preventing war ?
Answer:
Our chief hope for prevention of war lies in the functioning of an institution that has the power of the power of the government of the whole world.

Question 5.
Why are order and safety necessary for civilization ?
Answer:
No work, no research, no study can take place in absence of older and safety. And without work, research and study civilization can not progress. Or, we can say civilization may be wiped out in absence of order and safety.

Question 6.
Show how a person relies on machinery in his daily life ?
Answer:
At home-from bedroom to kitchen-man uses several gadgets-geyser, bulbs, gas, stove, piped water, electric shaver, toaster etc. And when one goes to office one uses a bus, a train, a cab. Inside the office again he has to use a typewriter, computer, telephone etc. in order to be in touch with other colleagus of firms.

Question 7.
What things from other countries does a man use in his daily life ?
Answer:
The food one eats comes from all over the world. They come from strange countries and over far off seas. There are organges from Brazil, dates form Africa, rice from India, tea from China, sugar from USA.

Question 8.
What examples of inequality does C.E.M. Joad give in his essay ?
Answer:
The writer gives several examples of inequality in the modem world. While some people live in luxury, many have not enough to eat and drink and wear. Even in the finest of the world’s cities thousands of people live in dreadful surroundings.

There are families of five or six persons who live in single room; in this room they sleep and dress and wash and eat their meals; in this room they are born, and in this room they die. And they live like this not for fun, but because they are too poor to afford another room.

Question 9.
What power blocks does the author of Our own Civilization refer to ?
Answer:
At the time there exist two power blocks-two groups of countries divided by ideology, there was the Western Block including out of Europe and America, and there was the Eastern Block, including Russia and the countries of Eastern Europe and supported by China. Each spend great quantities of money in making terrible weapons.

Question 10.
How has the power over nature increased the dangers of war ?
Answer:
Man has learnt to tap the force of the earth and space and use them for his purpose. Now, if his purposes are of destruction every advance in his mastery of nature only increases the dangers of war, as men learn to destroy men in greater numbers, form greater distances in varied and ingenious ways.

Man has now discovered how to release the enormous forces locked up in the atom. Nobody can know the consequences of atomic war.

Question 11.
What kind of people take remarks too literally?
Answer:
It is only stupid people who take remarks literally. Thus when a friend says. “You will not be going past post office, will you?” he may mean, I should be grateful if you could post a letter for me. If you say No it may show that you a not inclined to take a little trouble for him.

Question 12.
What had be done with the author’s mouth ?
Answer:
The photographer had adjusted the mouth a little because he found writer’s mouth too law.

Question 13.
What happened to the healthy young man ?
Answer:
Once the healthy youn man fell ill seriously. His life was is danger. There recovered he. was extremely weak. He had become so weak that he Id not walk even very slowly. Previously he was a very strong man.

Question 14.
What did the young man notice in trains and buses after-words
Answer:
The young man noticed some story young man sitting at case in the trains and the buses. Actually he was very tired. He considered some others also very tired because they were standing. He started feeling gsympathy for others after he fell ill dangerously.

Question15.
What did he always do afterward?
Answer:
After he had fallen ill seriously he gave up his seat and offered it to others to travel comfortably. Actually he always he always gave up his seat for any older person in need of a seat.

Question 16.
What should you be careful of when speaking to some one ?
Answer:
Whenever I am speaking to someone. I should be careful and attentive that the person whom I am talking to should hear and follow me. For this. I should speak clearly, frankly and sufficiently loudly.

Question 17.
What should be the rule about conversation?
Answer:
The rule about the conversation should be that in company one should take only a fair share of the conversation. On should be polite to another one in conversation. When there are two persons, one should take only half of it. The way of conversation should be accommodative and balanced.

When one has said a little, one should keep quiet and give his friend and companion a chance and freedom to say something. This is the best way and manner of conversation.

Question 18.
What factors produce good manner?
Answer:
There are many factors to produce good manners. One can have good manners if one has sympathy. Through sympathy a good sense is developed. One can show his good manners if he is polite. One can show kindness to others if he is gentle and meek. As a matter of fact we should have sympathy with others and we should know limitations. In fact sympathy is the best thing to produce good manners.

Question 19.
Why do some people have difficulty in writing letters ?
Answer:
Some people have difficulty in writing letters because they can not express the atmosphere in which they live in concrete words. They have no gift of self-expression.

Question 20.
Why was letter-writing done carefully in the past ?
Answer:
Letter-writing was done more carefully in the past because in those days people had more leisure time for such work and postage was much more expensive than it is today. Actually they were not in a hurry.

Question 21.
What has finally helped to destroy the art of great letter writing ‘
Answer:
Recent means of communications and modem facilities such as the telegraph, the telephone and type writer have finally helped to destroy the great art of letter-writing.

Question 22.
What is the difference between good essay and a good Setter ?
Answer:
There is a great difference between a good essay and a good letter. A good essay is generally written in orderly and elaborate style while a good letter is written in simple colloquial and intimate way bearing a personal touch of die writer,

Question 23.
Make a list of things which you yourself after forget to do ?
Answer:
Sometimes I forget to keep the following things to do. Here I am giving a list of it.
(a) Oftenly I forget to post a letter in a letter box.
(b) Sometimes I forget to wear my tie. It happens when I put on my garments.
(c) I always forget to have my necessary articles when I in a bus or train.
(d) Occasionally I forget to take my pencils or pen When I go to school.

Question 24.
Why do some people not remember to take medicines ?
Answer:
Some people do not remember to take medicines with them. They forget to have medicines with.them because of their dislike for pills of medicines. Most of the people do not like to use medicines as they hesitate to have them. Actually they neglect the medicines.

Question 25.
What according to the author, is the commonest form of forgetfulness?
Answer:
According to the author the commonest form of forgetfulness is posting the letters. Such incident occurs with the common people. It is so common that the author is also involved in such mistake.

Question 26.
Why does the author not curry an umbrella ?
Answer:
The author does not carry an umbrella with him. He fears that he may lose it anywhere else.

Question 27.
How did the author obtain his dog ?
Answer:
The author bought this dog for fifteen rupees. Pincha was the smallest and the thinnest of the litter. Jim Corbett named Robin, in memory of a faithful old collie who had saved his young brother, aged four. He trained the dog with great care.

Question 28.
For what purpose was Robin being trained ?
Answer:
Robin was being trained properly. Actually the author had made him a good friend. As we know that Jim Corbett was a great hunter. Hunting was his hobby. He always liked to spend his times in hunting. Thus, he trained Robin so that it might help him, in hunting and hours of need and crisis in life.

Question 29.
What happened after Robin chased the langur dawn the hill side ?
Answer:
The author and Robin spent the summer in the hills and on their annual journey to the foothills in November, at the end of a long fifteen-mile walking when they went to a comer, a longer of a big troop jumped of the hill side and Crossed the road a few inches away from Robin. Without hearing the command of the author. Robin chased it and it safely went up a tree. It was very dangerous to chase langur.

Question 30.
What lesson did Robin learn from this experience ?
Answer:
Robin learn a very good lesson from this experience. He was very proud of his dog. But, one day he got bitter experiences in the Jungle. His life was in danger. Any how he saved his life from the leopard. Since then he was very alert and conscious. He had wonderful control over his nervous and always remained mute in the forest while doing tracking.

Question 31.
Why is it best to go shooting on foot ?
Answer:
To go shooting on foot is the best way. Sometimes it is very dangerous to go shooting by riding on an animal. It is very difficult to save oneself by riding on an animal. On the other hand it is very easy to run away on foot to see a dangerous beast in the bush. Actually it is much easier to kill an animal shooting on foot.

Question 32.
Why was the author very careful about approaching the leopard ?
Answer:
It is true to say that the author was very much careful about approaching the leopard. He feared that the leopard might attack him. He always remained with his rifle and arms. In the jungle he was alert and active. He took all measures to protect himself and his friends from all dangers. He came to the range first to shoot at the leopard. He tried for his correct aim to fire at. Actually hew a scarefull all the time.

Question 33.
What did Robin do when the leopard finally sprang?
Answer:
Robin was very active in all respects. But, once it so happended that leopard’s spring and his short were simultaneous. He took side-step and went to die left and leaning back so far as he could, he fired the second barrel from his hip into his side as he passed him. As he was very expert, he took correct measures. He did his duty tactfully.

Question 34.
What happened to the leopard in the end ?
Answer:
Robin and his hunting dog worked jointly. They did their duty actively. Robin shot at the leopard skillfully. He fired at him with a correct aim. He tried many times. At last he shot at the leopard. At a little distance the leopard was lying dead, who put on a good battle but lost at last.

Bihar Board Class 12th English Important Questions

Bihar Board Class 12th English Grammar Active and Passive Voice Important Questions

1. He is writing a letter.
Answer:
A letter is being written by him.

2. Meena is reading a book.
Answer:
A book is being read by Meena.

3. The CM is giving a speech.
Answer:
A speech is being given by the CM.

4. The Principal is distributing prizes.
Answer:
Prizes are being distributed by the Principal.

5. Mohan is singing a song.
Answer:
A song-is being sung by Mohan.

6. Farmers are irrigating fields.
Answer:
Fields are being irrigated by fanners.

7. A good lawyer is fighting our case.
Answer:
Our case is being fought by a good lawyer.

8. He is writing a new book.
Answer:
A new book is being written by him.

9. She has written a new book.
Answer:
A new book has been written by her.

10. Raju has made a mistake.
Answer:
A mistake has been made by Raju.

11. The publisher has published a new book.
Answer:
A new book has been published by the publisher.

12. We have written letters to the C.M.
Answer:
Letters to the C.M. have been written by us.

13. The new teacher has taught us very well.
Answer:
We have been taught very well by the new teacher.

14. Radha missed this good lecture.
Answer:
This good lecture was missed by Radha.

15. We visited all the historical monuments in Delhi.
Answer:
All the historical monuments in Delhi were visited by us.

16. Dr. Sharma taught us algebra.
Answer:
Algebra was fought to us by Dr. Sharma.

17. Manorma told us a funny story.
Answer:
A funny story was told by Manorma.

18. The doctor examined the patient.
Answer:
The patient was examined by the doctor.

19. The old gardener looked after the house.
Answer:
The house was looked after the old gardener.

20. The police caught all the thieves.
Answer:
All the thieves were caught by the police.

21. The police arrested the notorious criminals.
Answer:
The notorious criminals were arrested by the police.

22. The magistrate issued orders for his arrest.
Answer:
Orders for his arrest were issued by the magistrate.

23. Ram killed Ravan.
Answer:
Ravan was killed by Ram.

24. The maid served us a tasty meal.
Answer:
A tasty meal was served to us by the maid.

25. The auditor detected many errors in the bill.
Answer:
Many errors in the bill were detected by the auditor.

26. Mr. Sinha investigated this case of murder.
Answer:
This case of murder was investigated by Mr. Sinha.

27. The new doctor changed a few medicines.
Answer:
A few medicines were changed by the new doctor.

28. The king gave the stranger a necklace.
Answer:
A necklace was given to the stranger by the king.

29. The Headmaster distributed the prizes.
Answer:
The prizes were distributed by the Headmaster.

30. The new Vice-Chancellor inaugurated the science Book.
Answer:
A Science Block was inaugurated by the new vice chancellor.

31. The peon opened the gate.
Answer:
The gate was opened by the peon.

32. She can win the prize.
Answer:
The prize can be won by her.

33. People speak Hindi in Bihar.
Answer:
Hindi is spoken by the people in Bihar.

34. The minister visited many foreign countries were visited countries last year.
Answer:
Many foreign countries were visited countries last year by the minister.

35. The army men killed the terrorists.
Answer:
The terrorists were killed by the army men.

Bihar Board Class 12th English Important Questions

Bihar Board Class 12th English Grammar Narration Important Questions

1. Das said, “Where is the snake ?“
Answer:
Das asked where the snake was.

2. The snake charmer said, “There in no cobra here”
Answer:
The snake charmer said that there was no cobra there.

3. The lady said, “I am going to walk where I like.”
Answer:
The lady said that she was going to walk where she liked.

4. The beggar said to my mother Don’t kill the snake. It is God Subramanya who has come to visit you”
Answer:
The beggar forbade my mother to kill the snake. He said that it was God Subramanya who had come to visit us.

5. They said to the snake charmer, “How do you catch the snakes.”
Answer:
They asked the snake charmer how he caught the snakes.

6. Mr. Kedia said, ‘You talk English to me ? How dare you talk.”
Answer:
Mr Kedia expressed his surprise over his talking English and asked how he dared talk.

7. I said to Mr. Kedia “He was doirig only his duty.”
Answer:
I said to Mr Kedia that he had been doing only his duty.

8. Roop Singh said to Kedia, “It is not my fault, Sir. I was just doing my duty.”
Answer:
I said to Mr Kedia that he had been doing only his duty.

9. The young lady said to the dentist “Do you own the whole house?”
Answer:
Roop Singh said respectfully to Kedia that he was just doing his duty and it had not been his fault. The young lady asked the dentist if he owned the whole house.

10. Azad said to Gandhi What are the three vows, Sir ?”
Answer:
Azad asked Gandhi respectfully what the three vows were.

11. Gandhi said to Azad, “How can I help with your novel ? I have not read a novel since I was a student in London.”
Answer:
Gandhi asked Azad how he could help with his novel. He further said that he had not read a novel since he had been a student in London.

12. Desai said to Azad, “Gandhij i expects everyone to walk with him at 5 a.m. on the dry bed of sabarmati.”
Answer:
Desai said to Azad that Gandhij i expected everyone to walk with him at 5 am. on the dry bed of sabarmati.

13. Mother announced, “Nanukaka is coming.”
Answer:
Mother announced that Nanukaka was coming.

14. I said to mother, “What is Nanukaka coming to Delhi for heat.
Answer:
I asked mother what Nanukaka was coming to Delhi for – in this ‘ in this heat ?”

15. Mother said,” Nanukaka wants to see some minister in Delhi.”
Answer:
Mother said that Nanukaka wanted to see some Minister in Delhi.

16. Nanukaka said to me, “Do you know him at all ?”
Answer:
Nanukaka asked me if I knew him at all.

17. Seibi said to the shop keeper, “Can I have a look?”
Answer:
Seibi asked the shopkeeper if he could have a look.

18. Seibi’s father shouted “Idipt there’ sabsolutely no future for a boy like you.”
Answer:
Seibi’s father shoulded, called him an idipt and angrily said that there was absolutely no future for a boy like him.

19. Benjy’s father said, “what are you going to do with the money”
Answer:
Benjy’s father asked what he was going to do with the money.

20. Lomov said, “I’ve burst in on you, my esteemed neighbour, in order to ask a favour of you.”
Answer:
Lomov explained to his neighbour that he had burst in on him in order to ask a favour of him.

21. Hari said, “Two and two makes four:’
Answer:
Hari said that two and two makes four.

22. He said, “Hurrah ! we’ve won the match.”
Answer:
He exclaimed with delight and said that they had won the match.

23. The teacher said to me, “Why do they go to Delhi?”
Answer:
The teacher asked me why they went to Delhi.

24. The teacher said, “Honest labour never goes in vain.”
Answer:
The teacher said that honest labour never goes in vain.

25. My mother said. ” Put on warm clothes when you go out in die evening.
Answer:
My mother advised me to put on warm clothes when went out in the evening.

26. The doctor said to the patient, “Do you have a pain in the chest ?”
Answer:
The doctor asked the patient if he had a pain in the chest.

Bihar Board Class 12th English Important Questions

Bihar Board Class 12th English Grammar Analysis Important Questions

Question 1.
Analyse the following sentences:—
(A) I hope to convince you that your complaints have no real cause.
(B) Men fear death as children fear to go in the dark.
(C) He told us that he had read Milton when he was fourteen.
(D) Milton said that he did’not educate his daughters in the languages because one tongue was enough for a woman.
(E) History says that Socrates, when he was given the cup of hemlock, continued to talk to the friends who were standing around him.
Answer:
(A)
(a) I hope to convince you — Principal Clause
(b) That your complaints have no real cause — Noun Clause

(B)
(a) Men fear death — Principal clause
(b) as children fear to go in the dark —Adverb clause of comparison.

(C)
(a) He told us — Principal clause
(b) that he had read .Milton — Noun clause
(c) When he was fourteen—Adverb clause of time.

(D)
(a) Milton said — Principal clause
(b) that he did not educate his daughters in the languages — Noun clause
(c) because one tongue was enough for a woman — Adverb clause of Reason.

(E)
(a) History says — Principal clause
(b) that Socrates continued to talk to. the friends —ytfaun clause
(c) when he was given the cup of hemlocjc — Adjective clause
(d) Who were standing around him — Adjective clause

Question  2.
Analyse the following sentences:—
(A) The letter brought money which was badly needed.
(B) The dog that bites does not bark.
(C) I returned home because I was tired.
(D) That you should say so surprises me.
(E) If it rains we shall stay at home.
Answer:
(A)
(a) The letter brought money — Principal clause
(b) Which was badly needed. — Adjective clause

(B)
(a) The dog does not bark. — Principal clause
(b) that bites — Adjective clause

(C)
(a) I returned home — Principal clause
(b) because I was tired — Adverb clause of Reason.

(D)
(a) It surprise me — Principal clause
(b) that you should say so — Noun clasue

(E)
(a) We shall stay at home — Principal clause
(b) If it rains — Adverb clause of condition

Question 3.
Analyse the following sentences —
(A) The house that I live in belongs to my brother.
(B) When he had uttered these words he sat down.
(C) The passage is so difficult that I can not comprehend it.
(D) He tells a tale that sounds untrue.
(E) The exercise is so difficult that I cannot do it.
Answer:
(A)
(a) The house belongs to my brother — Principal clause
(b) that I live in — Adjective clause

(B)
(a) He sat down — Principal clause
(b) when he had uttered these words — Adverb clause of time

(C)
(a) The passage is so difficult — Principal clause
(b) that I can not compretend it — Adverb clause of consequence

(D)
(a) He tells a tale — Principal clause
(b) that sounds untrue — Adjective clause

(E)
(a) The exercise is so difficult — Principal clause
(b) that I cannot do it — Adverb clause of consequence.

Question 4.
Analyse the following sentences —
(A) Servants that are honest are trusted.
(B) Forgive us as we forgive our enemies.
(C) They were commanded to wait till the signal was given.
(D) We obeyed the order the teacher gave us.
(E) Do you deny that you stole the watch ?
Answer:
(A)
(a) Servants are trusted — Principal clause
(b) that are honest — Adjective clause

(B)
(a) Forgive us — Principal clause
(b) as we forgive our enemies — Adverb clause of comparison

(C)
(a) They were commanded to wait—Principal clause
(b) till the signal was given—Adverb clause of time

(D)
(a) We obeyed the order — Principal clause
(b) The teacher gave us — Adjective clause

Question 5.
Analyse the following sentences—
(A) He drew his sword in order that he might defend himself.
(B) Unless(you work hander you shall fail.
(C) He replied that he would come.
(D) Can you guess what I want ?
(E) All that glitters is not gold.
Answer:
(A)
(a) He drew his sword — Principal clause
(b) in order that he might defend himself—Adverb clause of purpose

(B)
(a) You shall fail — Principal clause
(b) Unless you work harder — Adverb clause of condition

(C)
(a) He replied — Principal clause
(b) that he would come — Noun clause

(D)
(a) Can you guess ? — Principal clause
(b) What I want — Noun Clause

(E)
(a) All is not gold — Principal clause
(b) That glitters —Adjective clause

Bihar Board Class 12th English Important Questions

Bihar Board Class 12th English Grammar Combination of Sentences (Synthesis) Important Questions

Question 1.
Combine the following sentences into one sentences:—
(a) I shall never do it again. I am determined.
(b) He was tired. He sat for some rest.
(c) She has come. We know it.
(d) Ram has gone to Calcutta. He will buy some new books.
(e) I could not catch the train. I was late.
Answer:
(a) I am determined that shall never do it again.
(b) He sat for rest as he was tired.
(c) We know that she has come.
(d) Ram has gone to Calcutta to buy some new books.
(e) As I was late I could not catch the train.

Question 2.
Combine the following sentences into one sentences:—
(a) Raju was ill. He appeared at the test.
(b) He worked very hard. He topped in the examination.
(c) Raju is intelligent. His younger brother is dull.
(d) The doctor tried his test. He could not same Rits’s life.
(e) It was very dark. I could not locate my friend’s house.
Answer:
(a) Although Raju was ill he appeared at the test.
(b) As he worked very hard he topped in the examination.
(c) Raju is intelligent but his younger brother is dull.
(d) Although the doctor tried his best he could not same Rita’s life.
(e) A sit was very dark I could locate my friend’s house.

Question 3.
Combine the following sentences into one sentence:—
(a) He wrote a letter to his father. He requested him to send one thousand rupees.
(b) The teacher was angry. He asked the students to remain silent.
(c) Seema was walking in the lawn. She saw a snake near the gate.
(d) He is writing. He is listening to radio.
(e) He will get a first class. It is certain.
Answer:
(a) He wrote a letter to his father requesting him to send one thousand rupees.
(b) Being angry, the teacher asked the student to remain silent.
(c) While Seema was walking in the lawn she saw a snake near the gate.
(d) He is writing and listening to the radio.
(e) Certainly he will get a first-class.

Question 4.
Combine the following sentences into one sentence:—
(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India. He was born in Bihar.
(b) My brother is an engineer. He lives in the USA.
(c) Your examination is at hand. You should study regularly.
(d) The doctor examined his chest. He said that he should continue the medicines.
(e) Sudha opened the drawer. She saw that her perse was not there.
Answer:
(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad, The first President of India,was born in Bihar.
(b) My brother, an engineer gives in the USA.
(c) As your examination is at hand you should study regularly.
(d) Hawing examined is chest, the doctor said that he should continue the medicines.
(e) On opening drawer Sudha saw that her puse was not there.

Question 5.
Combine the following sentences into one : –
(a) Radha left the meeting. Her baby tooK ill suddenly.
(b) I kicked the ball hard. I could not score a goal.
(c) He was not sent up for the annual examination. His attendance was very poor.
(d) Rajiv was very thirsty. He was walking in the sun.
(e) Gandhiji wrote articles for newspapers. He gave speeches.
Answer:
(a) Radha left the meeting because her baby had taken ill suddenly.
(b) Although I kicked the ball hard I could not score a goal.
(c) Since his attendance was very poor he was not sent up for the annual examination.
(d) As he was walking in the sun Rajiv was very thirsty.
(e) Gandhiji wrote articles for newspapers and gave speeches.

Question 6.
Combine the following sentences into one sentence
(a) You like Premchand. I like Sharat chandra.
(b) He likes mangoes. His sister likes apples.
(c) He is good in studies. He is a cricketer also.
(d) I wake up in the morning. I saw a sparrow sitting at the window.
Answer:
(a) You like Premchand but I like sharat Chandra.
(b) He likes mangoes but his sister likes apples.
(c) He is good in studies and he is a cricketer also.
(d) When I wake up in the morning I saw a sparrow sitting at the window.

Question 7.
Combine the following sentences into one sentence:—
(a) Gandhiji lived in London for a few years. He did not like the British way of.
(b) Nanukaka is coming. My mother announced this.
(c) The introduction was over. The secretary was sent to bring coffee for Nanukaka.
(d) I could not understand it. Nanukaka was talking of the minister as his friend.
(e) Martin Luther king was a black leader. He changed the lives of the Negroes.
(f) It is a famous speech. It was given by Martin Luther king.
Answer:
(a) Although Gandhiji lived in London for a few years he did not like the British way of life.
(b) My mother announced that Nanukaka was coming.
(c) The introduction being over, the secretary was sent to bring coffee for Nanukaka.
(d) I could not understand why Nanukaka was talking of the minister as his friend.
(e) Martin Luther king, the black leader, changed the lives of the Negroes.
(f) It is a famous Speech, given by Martin Luther King.

Question 8.
Combine the following sentences into one sentence—
(a) The boy got a prize. He was very glad.
(b) The captain was killed. The soldiers were seized with panic.
(c) You gave a pen. The pen was costly.
(d) The thief was running. The police chased the theif.
(e) He bought a watch. The watch was precious.
Answer:
(a) The boy was very glad to get a prize
(b) The captain being killed the soldiers were seized with panic.
(c) You gave me a costly pen.
(d) The police chased the running thief.
(e) He bought a precious watch.

Bihar Board Class 12th English Important Questions

Bihar Board Class 12th English Grammar Modal Auxiliaries Important Questions

1. …….. I go out? (can, may)
Answer:
May I go out ?

2. You …….. obey your parents. (should, may)
Answer:
You should obey your parents.

3. I …….. go at once. (must, could)
Answer:
I must go to at once.

4. You …….. get up early. (should, could)
Answer:
You should get up early.

5. It …….. rain to night (must, might)
Answer:
It might rain tonight.

6. …….. you be happy ! (may, can)
Answer:
May you be happy!

7. …….. I come m ? (can, may)
Answer:
May I come in?

8. You …….. give up smoking. (may, should)
Answer:
You should give up smoking.

9. I……. be there before ten, (shall, may)
Answer:
I shall be there before ten.

10. …….. you please lend me your car? (would, should)
Answer:
Would you please lend me your car?

11. You …….. finish this job by (must, can) tomorrow.
Answer:
You must finish this job by tomorrow.

12. The meeting …….. be over by now. (should, can)
Answer:
The meeting should be over by now.

13. Weeatthatwe …….. live. (may, can)
Answer:
We eat thatwe may live.

14. We …….. keep our promises. (must, may)
Answer:
We must keep our promises.

15. The teacher said that he …….. (should, would) me.
Answer:
The teacher said that he would help me.

16. Take heed lest you …….. fall. (should, would.)
Answer:
Take heed lest you should fall.

17. He …….. smoke a pipe. (used to, could)
Answer:
He used to smoke a pipe.

18. He cried aloud so that his friend. (hear, him.)
Answer:
He cried aloud so that his friend might hear him.

19. Pupils …….. bring their textbooks. (may, must)
Answer:
Pupils must bring their textbooks.

20. …….. get a cup of tea? (may, will)
Answer:
May I get a cup of tea ?

21. She …….. speak many languages.(may, can) .
Answer:
She can speak many languages.

22. Practise regularly that you …….. play well. (may, shall) well.
Answer:
Practise regularly that you may play

23. He died so that others live. (might, could)
Answer:
He died so that others might live.

24. When …….. I report for duty? (should, could)
Answer:
When should I report for duty?

25. …….. I wait for you? (shall, can)
Answer:
Shall I wait for you?

26. People …….. not throw litter on the road. (should, can)
Answer:
People should not throw litter on the road.

27. I ……. drive a car. (can, should)
Answer:
I can drive a car.

28. Anybody …….. make can mistakes. (should, can)
Answer:
Anybody can make mistakes.

29. The children asked if they have some ice-cream. (could, may)
Answer:
The children asked if they could have some ice-cream.

30. I talk to him about it.(must, need)
Answer:
I must talk to him about it.

31. He to be here by now. (ought, need)
Answer:
He ought to be here by now.

32. I swim across the river. (can, may)
Answer:
I can swim across the river.

33 you lift this box? (can, may)
Answer:
Can you lift this box?

34 success attend you! (may, can)
Answer:
May success attend you !

35. I swim across the river when I was young.(could, might) I was young.
Answer:
I could swim across the river when I was young.

36. I thought he be at home.(might, could)
Answer:
I thought he might be at home.

37. I will be twenty-five next year. (shall, may)
Answer:
I shall be twenty-five next year.

38. Tomorrow be Sunday. (will, may)
Answer:
Tomorrow will be Sunday.

39. You have a holiday …..tomorrow. (shall, can)
Answer:
You shall have a holiday tomorrow.

40. ………. you have your tea? (will, may)
Answer:
Will you have your tea?

Bihar Board Class 12th English Important Questions

Bihar Board Class 12th English Grammar Tenses Important Questions

Question 1.

(a) I (know) him for a long time.
Answer:
I have been knowing him for a long time.

(b) When evening (come), it (get)
Answers
When evening comes it gets dark.

(c) If water (freeze), it (turn) into ice.
Answers
If water freezes, it turns into ice.

(d) I never (forget) what you just (tell) me.
Answers
I shall never forget what you have just told me.

(e) After you (go) I went to sleep.
Answers
After you had gone I went to sleep.

(f) He (ring) me up on the Telephone.
Answers
He rang me up on the telephone.

(g) The prisoner was (bind) hand and foot.
Answers
The prisoner was bound hand and foot.

(h) This trouble (not bear) by me.
Answers
This trouble shall not be borne by me

(i) When I (be) a boy, T (live) with my parents.
Answers
When I was a boy I lived with my parents.

(j) When I last (see) him, he was living in London.
Answers
When I last saw him he was living in London.

Question 2.
(a) We now (learn) English.
Answer:
We are now learning English.

(b) The Sun now (Set)
Answer:
The sun has now set.

(c) She (wake up) at five every day.
Answer:
She wakes up at five every day.

(d) He (know) me for five years.
Answer:
He has been knowing me for five years.

(e) It (rain) in winter. it (rain) now.
Answer:
It rains in winter. It is raining now.

(f) Joan (swim) very will, but she (not dive).
Answer:
Joan swims very well but she does not dive.

(g) Wood (float) on water, but iron (not float).
Answer:
Wood floats on water, but iron does not float.

(h) No, he isn’t here. He just (go) out
Answer:
No, he isn’t here. He has just gone out

(I) I(not sec) you for a long time.
Answer:
I haven’t seen you for a long time.

(j) How long you (learn) English?
Answer:
How long have you been learning English?

Question 3
(a) We (live) in France when the war begain.
Answer:
We had been living in France when the war began.

(b) It (rain) this morning when I got up.
Answer:
It was raining this morning when I got up.

(c) I read a book when he came in.
Answer:
I was reading a book when he came in.

(d) He (walk) across the bridge when his hat blew off.
Answer:
He was walking across the bridge when his hat blew off.

(e) He (work) all day yesterday.
Answer:
He worked all day yesterday.

(f) I (finish) long before you get back.
Answer:
I shall have finished long before you get back.

(g) They (lose) the match if they (not play) better.
Answer:
They will lose the match if they do not play better.

(h) Large crowds (wait) at the station when the prime minister (arrive).
Answer:
Large crowds were waiting at the station when the Prime Minister arrived.

(I) I (try) to learn English for years, but I (not succeed) yet.
Answer:
I have been trying to learn English for years, but have not yet succeeded.

(J) You already (drink) three cups of tea since I (sit) here
Answer:
You have already drunk three cups of tea since I have been sitting here.

Question 4
(a) We (win) the match yesterday.
Answer:
We won the match yesterday.

(b) Columbus (discover) America.
Answer:
Columbus discovered America.

(c) She (go) to school every day.
Answer:
She goes to school every day.

(d) It (rain) during the rainy season.
Answer:
It rains during the rainy season.

(e) The sun always (shine) in Egypt.
Answer:
The sun I ways shines in Egypt.

(f) She (watch) the television now.
Answer:
She is watching the television now.

(g) The train often (arrive) here late.
Answer:
The train often arrives here late.

(h) She (live) here since 1970.
Answer:
She has been living here since 1970.

(I) He (buy) a pen a week ago.
Answer:
He bought a pen a week ago.

(j) I (not hear) about her since 1980.
Answer:
I have not heard about him since 1980.

Question 5.
(a) This boy never (seen) the sea.
Answer:
This boy has never seen the sea.

(b) (i) The earth (move) round the sun.
Answer:
The earth moves round the sun.

(ii) The sun (not move) round the earth.
Answer:
The sun does not move round the earth.

(c) Have you (write) down all the questions ?
Answer:
Have you written down all the questions ?

(d) We (not buy) any new books.
Answer:
We have not bought any new books.

(e) We (study) English for ten years.
Answer:
We have studied English for ten years.

(f) I wish I (be) rich enough to buy a car.
Answer:
I wish I were rich enough to buy a car.

(g) Newton (discover) the laws of gravitation.
Answer:
Newton discovered the laws of gravitation.

(h) He (speak) as one who (know).
Answer:
He speaks as one who knows.

(I) He ran away because he (be) afraid
Answer:
He ran away because he was afraid.

(j) I waited for my friend until he come.
Answer:
I waited for my friend until he came.

Question 6.
(a) The village girl never (see) a train.
Answer:
The village girl has never seen a train.

(b) She (finish) the work before I went to her house.
Answer:
She had finished her work before I went to her house

(c) Rajesh (discover) that some one (steal) his watch.
Answer:
Rajesh discovered that some one had stolen his watch.

(d) He promised that he (work) hard.
Answer:
He promised that he would work hard.

(e) He (come) here a month ago.
Answer:
He came here a month ago.

(f) He (not speak) to me for over three years.
Answer:
He has not spoken to me for over three years.

(g) The train (leave) already.
Answer:
The train has already left.

(h) The body (fall down) while he (run).
Answer:
The body fell down while he was running.

(i) When (go) out the sun was setting.
Answer:
When I went out the sun was setting

(j) He (go) to Delhi last weak.
Answer:
He went to Dethi last week.

Question 7.
(a) What’s the time ? My watch (stop)
Answer:
What’s the time? My watch has stopped.

(b) The rats (eat) the pages of your
Answer:
The rats have eaten the pages of book. your books.

Bihar Board Class 12th English Important Questions

Bihar Board Class 12th English Unseen Passages for Comprehension Important Questions

Read carefully the passage given below and answer the questions that follow—

Passage No. 1

We had read a lot about Victoria Falls and had long dreamt of taking a close look at this awe-inspiring and magnificent spectacle of nature. At last the dream came true. I was standing on a huge rock on the edge of the Rain Forest. A vast panorama of magnificent shapes and colours stretched in front of me.

Looking down I saw the grey mist rolling up from the abysmal death. Hundreds of dragonflies are diving in and out of the falling rain like flying emeralds. Right in front of me, on the other side of the abyss. I saw the Zambsi sliding over the milelong edge of the precipice. The sight was frightening, but it was also beautiful. One loves to see the mass of water tumbling down. But the spectator is blinded by the spray and deafened by the roar.

(a) Answer the following questions briefly:
(i) What are the two adjectives which best describe the Victoria Falls?
(ii) What is the forest near the Victoria Falls called?
(iii) How do the dragonflies look like?
(iv) Why does the author describe the falls frightening and beautiful?
Answers:
(a) The two such adjectives are—awe-inspiring and magnificent.
(b) The forest near the Victoria Falls is called Rain Forest.
(c) The dragonflies look like flying emeralds.
(c) The falls look beautiful because of the tumbling mass of water; but they look frightening because of the mighty roar.

Passage No. 2

So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labour. No one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer, for there are countless do-it yourself publications. Armed with the right tools and materials, newly-weds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.

Men of all ages spend hours of their leisure¬time mistalling their own fire-places, laying out their own gardens, building garages and making furniture. Some really keen enthusiasts go so far as to make their own record players and radio transmitters.

Shops cater for the do-it yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for movices, but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home. Such things provide an excellent outlet for pent up creature energy, but unfortunately not all of us are bom handymen.

Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and versatile. Even husbands who can handly drive a nail is straight are supposed to be bom electricians, carpenters, plumbers and machanics. When lights fuse, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged or vacuum cleaners fail to operate, wives automatically assume that their husbands will some how put things right.

The worst thing about the do-it yourself game is that sometimes husbands live under the delusion that they can do anything even when they have been repeatedly proved wrong. It is a question of pride as much as anything else.

Last spring my wife suggested that I call in a man to look at our lawn- mover. It has broken down the previous summer, and though 1 promised to repair it, I had never got round to it. 1 would hear of the suggestion and said that I would fix it myself. One Saturday afternoon I hauled the machine into the garden and had a close look at it. As far as 1 could see, if only needed a minor adjustment: a turn of a screw here, a little tightening up there, a drop of oil and if would be as good as new. Invitably the repair job was not quite so simple.

The mower firmly refused to now, so I decided to dismantle it. The garden was soon littered with chunks of metal which had once made up a lawn-mower. But 1 was extremely pleased with myself. I had traced the cause of the trouble. One of the links in the chain that drives the wheels had shapped.

After buying a new chain I was faced with the insurmountable task of putting the confusing jigsaw puzzle together again. I was not surprised to find that the machine still refused to work after I had reassembled it, for the simple reason that I was left with several curiously shaped bits of metal which did not seem to fit anywhere.

I gave up in despair. The weeks passed and the grass grew. When my wife nagged me to do something about it, 1 told her that either I would have to buy a new mower or let the grass grow. Needless t o say that our house is now surrounded by a jungle. Buried some where in deep grass there is a rusting lawn-mower which I have promised to repair one day.

(a) Answer the following questions briefly:
(i) Who do people not rely on specialized labour so much now a days, according to the writer ?
(ii) How do shops encourage people to do thing for themselves ?
(iii) What do wives tend to believe about their husbands ?
(iv) Why do husbands think that they can do anything even when proved otherwise ?
(v) ‘Do-it-yourself craze has its own advantage. What is that ?

(b) Select the appropriate expression from the giveii options to convey the writers message. Do-it-yourself activities are good to pursue because
(i) they always provide an excellent outlet for creative energy.
(ii) they help husbands feel important in the eyes of their wives.
(iii) they are making people less dependent on specialised labour.

(c) Find words in the passage which convey the simplar as the following :
(i) break
(ii) zealous
(iii) carried.
Answers:
(i) They have developed a passion for doing things for themselves.
(ii) Shops cater to this passion by providing special advisory services for novices and also after consumers fits and pieces of machines for assemblage.
(iii) Wives think that their husbands are very resourceful and can put everything right.
(iv) Husbands are under illusion that they are very efficient; they also suffer from a sense of pride.
(v) ‘Do-it-yourself craze provides an excellent outlet for pent-up creative energy of a man.

They always provide an excellent outlet for creative energy.
(i) shap
(ii) enthusiast
(iii) hauled.

Passage No. 3

Punctuality is a necessary habit in all affairs of a civilized society. Without it.nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in a state of chaos. Only in a spersely populated rural community is it possible to disregard it. In ordinary living there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality. The intellectual, who**is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand.

He is therefore forgiven, if late for the dinner party. But people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine. It is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to waste time, so they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment. If no accidents occur on the way, like punctured tires, diversion of traffic, sudden descent of fog, they will be on time.

They are often more industrious citizens than those who are never late. The over-punctual can as much be a trial to others as the unpunctual. The guest who arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest nuisance. Some friends “of my family had this irritating habit. The only thing to do was to ask them to come half an hour later than the other guests. Then they arrived just when we wanted them.

If you are catching a train, it is always better to comfortably early than even a fraction of a minute too late. Although being early may mean wasting a little time, this will be less than if you miss the train and have to wait an hour or so for the next one.

And you avoid the frustration of arriving at the very moment when the train is drawing out of the station and being unable to get on it.” An even harder situation is to be on the platform in good time for a train and still to see it go off without you. Such an experience befell a certain young girl the first time she was travelling alone.

She entered the station twenty minutes before the train was due, since her parents had impressed upon her that it would be unforgivable to miss it and cause the friends with whom she was going to stay to make two journeys to meet her. She gave her luggage to a porter and showed him her ticket. To her horror he said that she was two hours too soon. She felt in her hand bag for the piece of paper on which her father had written down all the details of the journey and gave it to the porter.

He agreed that a train did come into the station at the time on the paper and that it did stop, but only to take on water, not passengers. The girl asked to see a time-table, feeling sure that her father could not have made such a mistake. The porter went to fetch one and arrived back with the station masters who produced it with a flourish and pointed out a microscopic ‘O’ beside the time of the arrival of the train at his station.

This little ‘O’ indicated that the train only stopped for water. Just at that moment the train came into the station. The girl, tears streaming down her face, begged to be allowed to ship into the guard’s van. But the station master was adamant: rules could not be broken. And she had to watch that train disappear towards her destination while she was left behind.

(a) Answer the following questions briefly:
(i) Why is punctuality necessary in a civilized society ?
(ii) What are the dangers of leaving the base minimum of time for appointment ?
(iii) The over-punctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual. Why ?
(iv) Why did the author’s family ask some guests to come half an hour later than others ?
(v) Why, according to the author, is it better to wait on the platform before the train arrives ?

(b) Find words in the passage which convey similar meaning as the following:
(i) hard working
(ii) blamed
(iii) thinly

(c) Select three appropriate expressions from the above passage that may prove that the author greatly favours observance of punctuality in life:
Answers:
(a)
(i) Punctuality is necessary for avoiding confusion and choas in the affairs of civilized society.
(ii) When we set out to keep an appointment we should leave early so that unexpected diversions and delays could not affect us.
(iii) Those who are over punctual can be a ruisance by arriving too early. They may disturb the arrangements that are being made.
(iv) The author’s family was forced to resort to this strategy in order to keep such guests who arrived too early away from interfering with the arrangements.
(v) It is better to wait a few minutes that to wait a whole hour or more for the next train.

(b)
(i) industrious
(ii) reproached
(iii) sparsely.

(c)
(i) Punctuality is a necessary habit in all affairs.
(ii) People are often reproached for unpunctuality.
(iii) Without it, nothing could be brought to conclusion, everything would be in a state of choars.

Passage No. 4

The New Year is a time for resolutions. Mentally, at least most of us could compile for midable lists of do’s’ and ‘don’ts’. The same old favorites recur ‘ year in and year out with monotous regularity. We resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to people we don’t like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk everyday. Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment. If we remain deep-rooted lions, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure.

Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to sany them out. We also make the fundamental error of announcing over resolutions to every body so that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways. Aware of these pit falls, their year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself.

I limited myself to two modest ambitions : to do physical exercise every morning and to read more in the evening. An all right party on New Year’s Eve provided me with a good excuse for not carrying out either of these new resolutions on

The daily exercise lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early in the morning before anyone had got up. The self-discipline required to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was considerable. Nevertheless, I managed to creep down into the living-room for two days before anyone found me out.

After jumping about on the carpet and twisting the human frame into uncomfortable positions, I sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition. It was this that betrayed me. The next morning the whole family trooped into watch the performance. That was really unsettling but I fended off the tanents and jibes of the family good humouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea.

However, my euthusiasm waned, the time I spent at exercises diminished. Little by little the eleven minutes fell to zero. By January 10th I was back to where I had started from. I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning I would keep my mind fresh for reading when I got home from work.

Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television, I sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to a book. One night, however, feeling cold and lonely, I went downstairs and sat in front of the television pretending to read. That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to the old habit of dozing off in front of the screen. I still haven’t given up my resolution to do more reading. In fact, I have just bought a book entitled. ‘How to Read a ‘Thousand words a Minute’. Perhaps it will solve my problem, but 1 just haven’t had the time to read it.

(a) Answer the following questions briefly:
(i) What has past experience of New Year Resolutions taught us, according to the writer ?
(ii) According to the writer, why do most of us fail in our efforts for self-improvement ?
(iii) Why is it a basic mistake to announce our resolutions to every dody ?
(iv) Why did the writer not carry out his resolutions on New Year’s Day ?
(v) ‘The writer feels that the New Year Resolutions are not meant to be implemented’. Quote two expressions from the passage to prove it.

(b) Find words in the above passage which convey similar meaning as the following:
(i) over whelming
(ii) drawbacks
(iii) decrease

(c) Select the appropriate sentence-ending from the following given options:
The writer failed to implement his New Year Resolutions because-
(i) his family members disturbed him.
(ii) his resolutions were too ambitious.
(iii) he was looking for some convincing excuse to forget them.
Answers:
(a)
(i) Past experience has taught us that we have been very ambitious in setting our targets. The failures therefore make us frustrated.
(ii) The writer feels that most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because we do not sincerely follow our goals.
(iii) It is a basic error to announce our resolutions to everybody as it invites unnecessary observation and scruting of our programme. When we ship back to old habits people taunt us.
(iv) As the writer attended an all night party on the new year’s we it , provided him a valid excuse for not carrying out his resolutions on the New Year’s Day.,

(v) (a) ‘Certain accomplishments are beyond attainment’.
(b) ‘Our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out’.

(b) (i) formidable
(ii) pitfalls
(iii)wane

(c) (iii) he was looking for some convincing excuse to forget them.

Passage No. 5

The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high handed or incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well that it has been adopted in other countries like Denmark, Norway, Finland and New Zealand. Even countries with large populations are now seriously considering imitating the Swedes.

The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual.

A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate privale grievances against the state. The official title of the person is ‘Justice ambudsman’, but Swedes commonly refer to him as the ‘ J.O.’ or ‘Ombudsman’.

The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him, and he examines every single letter in detail.

There .is nothing secresive about the Ombudsman’s work, for his correspondence is open to public inspections. If a citizen’s complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or eves suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman’s work.

A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the chief of police in the district asking him to send a record of the case.

There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner’s complaint was justified and the chief of police stoutly denied the accusation. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action on the complaint, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to ftivestigate. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions.

The fact that the policeman was prejidiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the offical files. It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts on the spot. The policeman is question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were received against him, he would be prosecuted. The Ombudsman’s prompt action in the matter at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.

(a) Answer the following questions briefly:
Why did Sweden introduce the institution of Ombudsman ?
How is an Ombudsman chosen in Sweden ?
How does the Ombudsman deal with the complaints ?
How can the public find out about die Ombudsman’s work ?
What action does the Ombudsman take, if a complaint is justified ? How old is the Swedish institution of Ombudsman ?

(b) Select the appropriate sentence-ending from the following given options:
The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure because : he is empowered to take action aganist any public official, he derives his strength from his appointment by the parliament, he is assisted in his work by a good number of qualified lawyers.

(c) Find words in the above passage which convey similar meaning as the following:
(i) aggressive
(ii) project
(iii) biased.
Answers:
(a)
(i) Sweden introduced the institution of Ombudsman to project the individuals against high-handed public officials.

(ii) The Ombudsman is chosen by a parliamentary committee, composed of the representatives of all the political parties.

(iii) The Ombudsman receives a written complaint from the people who are victims of high-handed .officials. If the complaint is justified, the Ombudsman takes suitable action against the offending official. He is assisted in his wqrk by a panel of eight qualified lawyers.

(iv) The Ombudsman’s work is transparent; his correspondence is open to public inspection.

(v) The action against the guilty official varies according to the nature of the complaint. The Ombudsman can reprimand the official and he can even recommend amendment of the law.

(vi) The institution of Ombudsman is 196 years, old; it came into ‘ existence in 180?

(b) he derives his strength from his appointment by the parliament.

(c)
(i) high handed
(ii) safeguard
(iii) prejudiced.

Passage No. 6

When a brave mountaineer is assailing the Everest he is as great a hero as a cosmonaut rocketing towards Mars in his space capsule, and thousands of men and women in different countries back his progress with their good, wisher and share the thrills and anxieties of his hazardous journey to the roof of the world, while scores of anxious scientists wish him success in the hope of obtaining valuable information on atmospheric conditions in the upper regions of the earth.

Mountaineering is indeed a source of pleasure and a mine of useful knowledge which is constantly enriching the scientific vocabulary of geologists, mineralogists and glaciologists of the world.

Mountaineering is a perennial source of joy to those who have eyes that can appreciate beauties of nature. Nowhere does nature reveal her charm is greater abundance than as green and flowering mountaintops with transparent streams of water flowing down their slopes or on snow-clad hills where sunlight weaves its magic colours into their virginal whiteness.

To lovers of mountains, the sound of water falls is like the joyful clapping of merry, primitive dancers, and the howling of night winds contains a musical pleasantness which surpasses the highly Sustained rhapsodies of man-made organs. Lakes in high altitudes, holding within their cup-like mountainous enclosures the watery wealth of surrounding glaciers, treeless plateaus covered with rare varieties of grass, plants and flowers and yawning charms into whose dark, unfathomable interior, natures countless species of animals and plants carry on their fight for existence, are attractions so powerful and irresistible that no man or woman who is a member of a mountaineering party or club can turn a deaf ear to their call.

These widely scattered, ever-alluring treasures of nature are the climber’s greatest inducement to wander with a hungry heart in search of beauty, adventure and fame along the dangerous slopes of sky-embracing heights.

Mountaineering is an awfully risky venture in the case of those ambitious souls who are dreaming of conquering such majestic peaks as Annapurna, Dhaulagiri and Everest, and who wish to be.ranked among the world’s greatest climbers, Sir Edmund P. Hillary and tenzing Norgay.

Dozens of advanturers belonging to different nations with Their Hearts burning with a passion to conquer the highest peak in the world perished in the immortal shows of the Himalayas, after painfully inching their way to heights which were inclose proximity to the summit.

Expedition after expedition turned back exhausted, frost-bitten, and utterly disappointed Men the mighty Himalayas hurled icy winds, snow storms and blizzards at those who wanted to conquer Everest, thus banning their way to this pinnacle of glory. The bones of many men of unrealised ambition lie buried in the glacial wilderness which is the home of the highest peak is the world.

Such awful setbacks, however, did not dampen the enthusiasm of succeeding generations of mountaineers; the failures of early expeditions did not defer Colonel Hunt and his brave companions from trying to plant on the summit the flag of the victory of human defiance of nature’s death dealing agents in high altitudes.

(a) Answer the following questions briefly:
(i) Mountaineers are considered as heroes, why ?
(ii) In what way does mountaineering become a source of knowledge ?
(iii) What are the beautiful sights which catch a mountaineer’s eye ?
(iv) Why is mountaineering considered risky ?
(v) Setbacks in mountaineering do not dampen the spirit of many mountaineers. Why ?

(b) Find words in the above passage which convey similar meaning as the following:
(i) One who studies the science relating to the history and development of the earths’s crust
(ii) Lasting through the year
(iii) A blinding storm of wind and snow.

Mountaineers are considered as real heroes because their hazardous journey to the roof of the world provides thrills and anxieties to thousands of men and women throughout the world. Mountaineering is a great source of knowledge as it provides valuable information on atmospheric conditions of the upper regions, minerals and glaciers.

The mountaineer’s eye catches many beautiful sounds, colours and sights of nature. Claciers, snow-clad hills, new flowers and birds provide rare experiences of beauty at the great heights. Mountaineering is risky as people have to face icy winds, snow storms and blizzards.

Setbacks never dampen the spirit of mountaineers who are determined to hoist the flag of human victory on summits,
(i) geotogist
(ii) perennial
(iii) blizzard.

Bihar Board Class 12th English Important Questions

Bihar Board Class 12th English Precis Writing Important Questions

Precis writing is a very fine, significant and useful piece of composition to only from the point of the University examination or other examinations in e familiar sense, it is so even in the practical busy work-day life as a time¬saving device and ah impressive at work.

The precis writer has to attempt precis-writing and continue its practice with the following points in mind—

(i) Precis should be given approximately in one-third of the given passage of fixed number of words as per the question. However, this is not a concern of primary importance.

(ii) The point of greatest importance is how to shorten the given passage in compact language. We have to scissor off the superficial words or phrases, delete the examples and quotations and avoid the repetitions or elaboration of the facts or the subject matter.

(iii) The central subject should be reproduced systematically and logically. Besides, the answer has to be furnished only in one paragraph.

(iv) Precis has to be made invariably and as far as practicable in third person.

(v) The passage given should not be reproduced. Like every answer, may be even more than that, this answer has to be given in one’s own words.

(vi) The title of precis should bear on leading idea contained in the passage. Moreover, it should be short and suitable representation of the said idea.

(vii) Precis should be simple and straight.

(viii) Generally some reflective passages are given for precis-writing. Sometimes some descriptive or narrative passage is also set. However, every passage, whichever it may be, is descriptive of some important topic.

Example – 1

Some people consider that man is becoming the slave of the machine. Certainly machines are playing an ever increasing part in our lives. Let us hope that they will never become more important than the man they were invented to serve. Charlie Chaplin in his film, ‘Modem Time’ drew attention to this danger.

In the film he got a job in a factory that employed mass-production methods. He had to stand by a machine with a spanner in his hand. An endless belt passed in front of him carrying slowly an endless line of articles. As each one passed, he tightened one nut on one bolt with his spanner.

His work was done with one turn of the wrist repeated throughout the day. Very soon his mind became affected and the film shows the amusing things which he did as result of his mental disorder. Although it was very funny, the film had a serious side.

It showed that the kind of work which many people do, for from giving them pride and pleasure, is more likely to fit them for the lunatic asylum.We must all hope that means will be found to retain the advantages arising out of mass production, while at the same time giving the worker some of the pride and pleasure of the old craftsmen.

Title: Machines and Their Effect

Precis—Machines are playing constantly an increasing part in our life. Allegedly the man is being enslaved by the machine. The mechanical work affects the mind adversely. However, it should be hoped that advantages of large scale production will be kept. Besides, the worker will also get some pride and pleasure out of his work.

Example-2

Human life consists of a succession of small events, each of which is comparatively unimportant, and yet the happiness and success of every man depend upon the manner in which these small events are dealt with. Character is built upon little things—little things well and honourably transacted.

The success of a man in business depends upon his attention to little things. The comfort of a household is the result of small things arranged and duly provided for. Good government can only be accomplished in the same way— by well regulated provision for doing little things.

Accumulation of knowledge and experience of most valuable kind is the result of little bits of knowledge and experience carefully treasured up. Those who learn nothing in life are set down as failures—because they have neglected little things. They may have themselves considered that the world has gone against them, but in fact they have been their own enemies.

There has long been a popular belief in good luck, but like many other popular notions it is gradually giving way. The conviction is extending that diligence is the mother of good luck, in other words, a man’s success in life will be proportionate to his industry, to his attention to small things.

Negligent shiftless loose fellows never meet with luck because the result of industry is denied to those who will not use.the proper efforts to secure them. It is not luck but labour that makes men. Luck, says an American writer, is ever waiting for something to turn up. Labour with keen eye and strong will, turns up something.

Title: The Secret Of Success

Precis—Life is made of the stuff to small events. Much of our success and happiness depends on the manner we deal with small events. Those who neglect little things in their lives are bound to fail in life. Only labour counts and character is destiny. The man is the architect of his own fate. His success is in proportion to his industry. His failure is also due to him.

Example – 3

In every country people imagine that they are the best and the cleverest and the others are not as good as they are. The Englishman thinks that he and his country are the best; the Frenchman is very proud of France and everything French; the Germans and Italians think no end of their countries and many

Indians imagine that India is in many ways the greatest country in the world. This is all conceit. Everybody wants to think well of himself and his country. But really there is no person who has not got some good in him and some bad. And in the same way there is no country which is not partly good and partly bad.

We must take the good wherever we find it and try to remove the bad wherever it may be. We are, of course, most concerned with our own country, India. Unhappily, it is in a bad way today and most of our people are very poor and miserable. They have no pleasure in their lives.

We have to find out how we can make them happier. We have to see what is good in our ways and customs and try to keep it, and whatever is bad we have to throw away. If we find anything good in other countries we should certainly take it.

Title: Conceit

Precis—Citizens of different countries suffer from conceit. They suffer from superiority complex. They overrate themselves and their countries, but underrate others. Really, however, no country is fully good or bad. Besides, we should be receptive to the good and indifferent to the bad. We should surely take even the good found in others.

Example – 4

Occasions cannot make spurs for young men. If you expect to wear spurs you must win them. If you wish to use them you must buckle them to your heels before you go into the fight. Any success you may achieve is hot worth having unless you fight for it. Whatever you win in life you must conquer by your own efforts, and then it is yours—a part of yourself. Let not poverty stand as an obstacle in your way.

Poverty is uncomfortable, as I can testify, but nine times out of ten the best thing that can happen to a young man is to be tossed over board, and compelled to sink or swim for himself. In all my acquaintances I have never known one to be drowned who was worth saving . To a young man who has in himself the magnificent possibilities of life it is not fitting that he should be permanently commanded.

You must not continue to be employed, you must be employer. You must be promoted from the ranks to a command, go and find it, and command it. You can at least command a horse and there can be generalization of them, and may carve out a fortune with them.

Title: Success Honour

Precis—Opportunities themselves cannot honour the young men. For honour they have to make efforts and fight. Even success without fight is not deserved and attainable. Really, poverty cannot stand in the way of success. The established fact is that most of the people are themselves responsible for their rise or fall. Moreover, the young persons should never be parasites or dependent. They can even grow rich only when they command and function as employers.

Example – 5

Education is not an end but a means to an end. We do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them; the purpose is to prepare them for life. As soon as we realise this we will understand that it is very important to choose a system of education which will really prepare children for life.

In many modem countries it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all—whether rich or poor, clever or stupid—one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all it not enough.

We find in such countries a larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. Because of their degrees, they refuse to do what they think ‘low’ work. In fact, work with the hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.

When we say that all of us must be educated, what we mean is that all of us must be educated in such a way, that each of us can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability. And, secondly that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society and that it is very bad to be ashamed of one’s work or to scorn someone else’s. Only such a type of education can be called valuable to society.

Title: Education

Precis—Education is a means and its object is to prepare the students for living life. It is wrong to think that free education can solve all the chronic problems of our society. It has rather created more unemployment as the students getting this education dislike manual work which they take for a low work. This is a very wrong attitude. We should rather be ready to do any work suited to our brain and ability.

Example – 6

What is really needed in the world, perhaps more than ever before, is not some new world shattering discovery in nuclear physics, or some breath¬taking discovery in chemistry or medicine. The advance for which the world is waiting beyond any doubt, is a small advance—a slight advance in charity, in understanding, forbearance, tolerance, justice and mercy. That is what the world is waiting for and waiting rather anxiously.

But charity and tolerance and forbearance and understanding of one another are non-material matters. And in non-material things—in the simplest social things—science has been helpless. It cannot help us to distinguish good from evil.

May be, this will not always be so. Who knows ? It is quite possible that some day science will effect an improvement in human brain itself. Not a structural improvement, for in structure the human brain is the greatest miracle of all. Its understanding will come last.

But there might well be a functional improvement. This is far from fantastic. Already instances areknown, like amphcetamaine, which appear temporarily to increase the power of reasoning, other chemicals are known which give intellectual stimulation.

I should say there is hope that man will one day improve on natural man, raise his intellectual status and give him greater power of reasoning and understanding to abolish war. Whether that will be so, whether he will have a better understanding of his fellowmen remains to be seen.

There are troubulous times ahead. But those who fear the ftiture are the craven in spirit; for life is becoming more interesting and exciting.

Title: Ideal Human Qualities

Precis—The need of the hour is not any startling scientific discovery but ideal human qualities which the world is eagerly waiting for. These qualities are not material and so science has no grip over them. In the distant future, science may have functional development in human life.

The man may improve on the natural man, raise his intellectual level. But he may not have the better understanding of his fellowmen. However, as the future is troublesome and life exciting, man has to be fearless.

Example – 7

It is no doubt true that we cannot go through life without sorrow. There can be no sunshine without a shade. We must not complain that roses have thoms, but rather be grateful that thorns bear flowers. Our existence here is so complex that we must expect much sorrow and suffering.

Many people worry and torment themselves about the mystery of existence. But although a good man may, at times, be angry with the world it is certain that no man who was ever discontented with the world did his duty in it. The world is like a looking glass; if you smile, it smiles.

If you frown, it frowns back. If you look at it through a red glass all seems red and rosy: if through a blue, all blue; if through a smoked one, all dull and dingy. Always try, then, to look at the bright side of things; almost everything in the world has a bright side.

There are some persons, whose smile, the sound of whose voice, whose very presence is like a ray of sunshine, and brightens the whole room. Greet everybody with a bright smile, kind words and pleasant welcome. It is not enough to love those who are near and dear to us. We must be so that we do so.

While, however, you should be grateful and enjoy to the full the innumerable blessings of life. We cannot expect to have no sorrows or anxieties. Life has been described as a comedy to those who think and a tragedy to those who feel. It is indeed tragedy at times and a comedy very often, but as a rule it is what we choose to make it.

Title: Bright Side Of Life

Precis—We cannot escape from sufferings and sorrows in life. Our existence is really complex. There are both comedy and tragedy in life. But the world looks as the man looks at it. It is good and comfortable to those who look at its bright side while to pessimists it is sad and sullen. The judicious approach of life is only to welcome it as it is without questioning it. We have only to enjoy the essential real life.

Example – 8

In a civilised life there is a rule against violence. Against taking the law into our own hands : it is a rule which most of us observe—so many, indeed, that a great number of people go through life accepting orderlines and non¬violence as part of the scheme of Nature. But when some individual comes into their midst who refuses to observe the current rules and follows the simple rule fhat might is right, the law abiding citizens of society do not know what do to and look on in helpless bewildered confusion.

The last two wars did something to alter men’s attitude towards the ruF of life, but much less than might have been expected. Men went into the fighting line, not, because as our generals love to say, “Man is a fighting animal”, but because there were law abiding citizens obediently doing what the state told them to do.

It was the duty of the soldier to commit violence and murder upon his country’s enemies but he did these things under the order and the doing of them hardly impaired his normal law-abidingness. Considering the fact that for many years half the grown up men in Europe were engaged in trying to murder one another one can only be astonished that the postwar increase in crimes of violence has not been vastly greater. That is proof of how deeply the habit of playing according to the rules has become ingrained in us.

Title: Right is Might

Precis—Sometimes ‘might is right’ theory prevails. For a long time the adults in Europe remained, engaged in violence. The two World Wars negatived the conception of law abidingness of people. But really the rule of law prevails in a civilized society. Even in the period following two World Wars the people resumed the course of order and safety.

Example – 9

What is a democratic government to do in a country where people are steeped in ignorance and superstition, where there is opposition or resistance to even mild reforms from vested interests in society ? It can be said that if the government is to go by consent or consensus it will not be able to do anything.

Could the government ever get the consent or consensus of people for abolition of untouchability ? But has untouchability been really abolished ? Frankly speaking, even now the code of Manu is in operation, the large part of code, prepared by Dr. Ambedkar is not in actual operation.

No law, perhaps, can come into full operation unless it is acceptable to the people. And it is not nesessary to say that acceptability cannot come without conviction. The government has been taking measure after measure to change the socio-economic structure or to remove disparities, social and economic. Not that all the measures have gone in vain. Feudalism has been abolished.

gates of universities, legislatures, government services etc. have been thrown open to all castes and communities, exploitation of the weaker sections of the people has been considerably reduced. But there has been no change in the outlook of the people.

Politicians and administrators still behave like fedual lords; corruption, favouritism and nepotism have not shown any sign of abatement, faith in caste system and all that it may stand for has not weakened. In one word, independence, democracy etc. have not shattered the age-old beliefs and convictions. No wonder the blind are leading the blind.

Title: Failure Of Modern Democracy

Precis—Acceptability of law is subject to conviction and conviction is ‘ not possible as long as there are ignorance and superstition. In the modem I democracy, there is no conviction at all as the conditions for the same are not met. Our society is still conservative.

The government has made some pieces of legislation for the betterment of society, but society does not change for the better. Still vested interests who are blind are leading the other 1 unenlightened people under democracy. Besides it can be said that nothing positive is possible if we want to do it with the consent or consensus of the present people.

Example – 10

‘ We have been asked whether we are happy to be living now or whether we , wish we had lived in the past, a few centuries ago. I am clear in my view and I must say emphatically that I am glad, very glad to be living in the modem age.
There were pleasures in the past and there were adventures and many other charms by which I am impressed, but there was also a great deal of „ ignorance and dullness and many other disadvantages on account of which I think life is happier today than it was in the past.

I am interested in education. Today all children receive free education from the age of five or six until they are fifteen or sixteen. If they are clever, they continue to receive education even while they are at the University. How many children in the past learnt even to read and write ? Very few, indeed. This is a great advantage of the modem age. .

I love travelling, for I find it a source of pleasure as well as education. It brings new contact and experience which add to richness of life. Travelling is much easier today than it was in the past and now we can even think of flying to the moon. This was never possible in the past.

Then there are pleasures of music. Today thanks to the radio and the television all of us can enjoy the best music in our homes. This pleasure was not available in the past.

Title: Past Vrs. Present

Precis— One is very glad to be living at present. No doubt there were pleasant things in the past—advantages and charms. One is impressed with them. But in the past there were ignorance, dullness and many other disadvantages too. On the other hand, today we have educational facilities.

We have universal and even free education today upto the age of sixteen right from the age of five. One can cleverly enjoy free education even at the university level. Besides, travelling facilities and the pleasures of music from radio and television sets are also available to us. Thus life is happier today and our modem age is better than the ancient times.

Example – 11

When we survey our lives and endeavours, we soon observe that almost the whole of our actions and desires is bound up with the existence of other human things. We notice that our whole nature resembles to that of the social animal. We eat food that others have produced, we wear clothes that others have made, we live in houses that others have built.

The greater part of knowledge and belief has been communicated to us by other people through the medium of language which others have created. Without language our mental capacities would be poor indeed, comparable to those of higher animals; we have therefore, to admit that we owe our principal advantage over the beasts to the fact of living in human society. The individual if left alone from birth, would remain, primitive and beastlike in his thoughts and feelings to a degree that we can hardly conceive.

The individual is what he is and it is his living in community which directs material and spiritual existence from the cradle to the grave. A man’s value to his community depends primarily on how far his feelings, thoughts and actions are directed towards promoting the good of his fellow beings. We call him good or bad according to his attitude in this respect.

Title: Man’s Social Instinct

Precis—Our life and actions are vitally linked with those of our fellow creatures. Our food, clothes and houses are all prepared by others. We owe language and beliefs to other people. They have been imparted to us through language. Our intellectual facilities would not have grown in the absence of language. We are superior to other animals in so far as we live in human society. Aman deprived of human society would behave like primitive animals. A man’s value is judged in relation to the great human community. The greater his usefulness for his fellows, the better he is.

Example – 12

Nations, like individual, derive support and strength from the feeling that they belong to an illustrious race, that they are the heirs of their greatness and ought to be promoters of their glory. It is of momentous importance that a
nation should have a great past to look back upon.

It inspires the life of the present, elevates and upholds it and enlightens and lifts it up, by the memory of the great deeds, the noble sufferings and the marvellous achievements of the old. The life of nations, as of men, is a great treasure of experience, which wisely used, leads to social progress and improvement; or misused, to dreams, delusion and failures. Like men nations are purified and strengthened by trials.

Some of the most glorious chapters in their history are those containing the record of suffering by means of which their character has been developed. Love of liberty and patriotic feeling may have done much, but trial and suffering nobly borne have done more than all.

Title: The National Life

Precis—Nations get support and power from their sense of belongingness to a celebrated race. They should be endowed with a rich past having the glorious history of trials, sufferings and sacrifices of the men of old. They are strengthened when they pass the ordeal or trials. Living for liberty, the feeling of patriotism and the bravely borne trials and sufferings have contributed to the life of nations and history bears a testimony to this.

Example – 13

The test of a great book is whether we want to read it only once or more than that. Any really great book we want to read the second time even more we wanted to read it the first time; and every additional time that we read it we find new beauties in it.

A book that a person of education and good taste does not care to read more than once is very probably not worth much. But we cannot consider the judgement of a single individual infallible. The opinion that makes a book great must be the opinion of many. For the greatest critics are apt to have dullness, certain in appretiations. Carlyle for example, could not endure Browning, Byron could not endure some of the greatest English poets.

A man must be many sided to utter a trustworthy estimate of many books. We may doubt the judgement of the single critic at times. But there is no doubt possible in regard to judgement of generations. Even if we cannot at once perceive anything good in a book which has been admired and praised for hundreds of years we may be sure that by trying, by studying it carefully, we shall at least be able to feel the reason of that admiration and praise. The best of all libraries for a poor man would be a library composed of such great works only, books which have passed the test of time.

Title: The Test of A Book

Precis— A great book always gives a new meaning and fresh beauties in every reading. This is the test of a great book and not that the quality of a book be judged by any particular scholar or critic. The opinion of many on the merit of a book is honourable. Besides, the judgement should be time honoured. Great books must stand the test of times.

Example – 14

Newspapers form an important link with the outside world. They provide a common man information about important events like earthquakes, cyclone, air crash, floods, result of an election, hijacking of an aeroplane, outbreak of an epidemic, visit of a foreign dignitary. Not only that, the newspapers also tell us about the weather, the sunrise and sunset time, temperature on each day.

They give information about the various entertainment programmes like films, dramas and music concerts and dance performances. In today’s engagement columns, they tell us about the seminars and symposia being held in different parts of the city. Besides, the traders and manufacturers advertise their products through newspapers. There are several other kinds of advertisements which are of use to the readers.

For example, the Situations vacant columns help the job seekers The matrimonial columns help the anxious parents to find suitable matches for their sons and daughters. Sale and purchase of property, both movable and immovable, is conducted through the newspaper columns. Thus the through the newspaper columns. Thus the newspapers occupy an important position in the lives of people. That is why we begin to feel uneasy if we do not get our newspaper on time and everyday.

Title: Importance of Newspapers

Precis— The area of coverage of newspapers had widened to such an extent that they have become important for all classes of men and women, especially for professionals. From natural disasters to political happenings, from cultural events to artistic activities, from advertisements of goods and services to information on jobs — all this information is available in newspapers They have become vital for jobseekers, manufacturers and consumers. And they help us plan our day with inputs on weather, temperature and cultural engagements in our city.

Example – 15

The university everywhere in the world is an important institution for the advancement of the people. The traditional view of a university which was regarded as a place where students would carry on their scholarly activities and build themselves as intellectuals, as isolated from rest of the society, has to be changed to a place where it becomes an institution fully conscious of the changes taking place in society and making due contribution to this change.

Universities in India have been functioning under several pressures The fast development that is taking place in society thus makes university lift- complex. The student now finds himself a victim of sudden breaking of social ties — family, village and culture. He finds that his studies have no roots is his own culture and his university education based on foreign standards is cracking.

The solution lies in better understanding of the puspose of university education among the teachers and students and in the creation of a sense of community. The students and teachers are supposed to be mindful of the real purpose of education and reorient it to suit -the changed conditions. The university authorities should, on their part, be careful not to assume that new techniques of teaching are good simply because they are new.

Title: The True Aim of University Education

Precis— The nature and functioning of a university has changed substantially. It is no longer an institution where students devote themselves merely to acquistition of knowledge; it has become an institution that is ever in touch with changes taking place in society as a whole. As a result, it has become important that the university teachers integrate modem knowledge with the social changes. In India students face a lot of difficulties arising out of the disharmony that exists between rural roots and knowledge that has a foreign base. This must be tactfully resolved.

Bihar Board Class 12th English Important Questions