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Get Updated Bihar Board Class 9th English Book Solutions in PDF Format and download them free of cost. Bihar Board Class 9 English Book Solutions Grammar Clauses Questions and Answers provided are as per the latest exam pattern and syllabus. Access the topics of Panorama English Book Class 9 Solutions Grammar Clauses through the direct links available depending on the need. Clear all your queries on the Class 9 English Subject by using the Bihar Board Solutions for Grammar Clauses existing.

Bihar Board Class 9 English Grammar Clauses

Sentence, Phrase and Clause

1. Sentence: शब्दों के किसी ऐसे समूह को वाक्य (Sentence) कहा जाता है जो अर्थ को पूर्ण रूप से स्पष्ट करता हो; जैसे-

• He is my best friend.
• Boys are going to school.
• He went home yesterday.
• God helps those who help themselves.

ऊपर दिया गया प्रत्येक शब्द-समूह किसी पूर्ण अर्थ को स्पष्ट करता है। इस प्रकार के शब्द-समूह को ही वाक्य (Sentence) कहा जाता है।

2. Phrase: शब्दों के किसी ऐसे समूह को वाक्यांश (phrase) कहा जाता है, जिससे कुछ अर्थ तो निकलता हो किन्तु पूर्ण अर्थ स्पष्ट नहीं होता हो; जैसे-

• on the table.
• after an hour.
• in the morning..
• with my brother.

3. Clause: ऐसे शब्द समूह को Clause (उप-वाक्य अथवा पद) कहा जाता है जो किसी पूर्ण वाक्य का अंश हो तथा जिसका अपना अलग Subject और Predicate हो।

4. Clause के विचार से वाक्य तीन प्रकार के होते हैं-

1. Simple Sentence (सरल वाक्य)
2. Compound Sentence (संयुक्त वाक्य)
3. Complex Sentence (मिश्रित वाक्य)

1. Simple Sentence जिस वाक्य का केवल एक ही Clause हो उसे Simple Sentence कहा जाता है; जैसे-

• The boy broke his leg.
• She washed her clothes.

2. Compound Sentence-जिस वाक्य में दो या दो से अधिक अनाश्रित Clauses हों, उसे Compound Sentence कहा जाता है, उदाहरण के रूप में

• Sita saw Ram and she became happy.
• You must work hard or you will fail.
• Many were called, but few were chosen.

Compound Sentence of No Clause ont Co-ordinate clause कहा जाता है।

3. Complex Sentence (मिश्रित वाक्य) जिस वाक्य में एक मुख्य-वाक्य (Principal Clause) हो तथा एक या एक से अधिक आश्रित वाक्य (Subordinate Clauses) हों, उसे Complex Sentence कहा जाता है;
Principal Clause को Main Clause भी कहा जाता है।
Subordinate Clause को Dependent Clause भी कहा जाता है।

Complex Sentence

1. Principal Clause
2. Subordinate Clause

1. Principal Clause – मिश्रित वाक्य का वह खण्ड जो मुख्य Subject और मुख्य Predicate से बना हो, उसे Principal Clause कहा जाता है।
2. Subordinate Clause – मिश्रित वाक्य का वह खण्ड जिसका अर्थ – Principal Clause पर आश्रित हो, उसे Subordinate Clause कहा जाता है।

Kinds of Subordinate Clauses
Subordinate Clauses तीन प्रकार के होते हैं-

1. Noun Clause
2. Adjective Clause
3. Adverb Clause.

1. Noun Clause: किसी Complex Sentence में जो पद एक संज्ञा (Noun) का कार्य कर रहां हो, उसे Noun Clause कहा जाता है। निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में तिरछे छपे हुए शब्द-समूह Noun Clause बनाते हैं:-

• That John is a thief was not known to me.
• He was told that he must not be late again.
• Learning that my brother had received serious injuries, I left for Shimla.
• I was shocked to hear that his only son had died.
• Listen to what the teacher says.
• The fact is that he knows nothing.
• It is true that he risked his own life to save the child.
• I am not sure who will teach you engligh

2. Adjective Clause: किसी Complex Sentence में जो पद किसी विशेषण (Adjective) का कार्य कर रहा हो, उसे Adjective Clause कहा जाता है।
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में तिरछे छपे हुए शब्द-समूह Adjective Clause बनाते है:

• The Company that supplied goods has failed.
• The house where my brother lives have been sold.

3. Adverb Clause: किसी Complex Sentence में जो पद किसी क्रिया-विशेषण (Adverb) का कार्य कर रहा हो, उसे Adverb Clause कहा जाता है।
निम्नलिखित वाक्य में तिरछे छपे हुए शब्द-समूह Adverb Clause बनाते हैं:

• When the cat is away, the mice will play.
• Where there is a will, there is a way.
• You should act as the doctor advises you.
• He talks as if he were mad.
• As far as I know, Ram Lal is not to blame.
• As you are over fourteen, you will have to pay full fare.
• I work hard so that I may pass.

Important Questions with Answers

Complete the following sentences using suitable clauses.

Question 1.

1. He that ________ needs fear no fall.
2. All that ________ is not gold.

Answer:

1. He that is down needed fear no fall.
2. All that glitters is not gold.

Question 2.

1. It was certain that ________
2. It is sure that ________

Answer:

1. It was certain that the man would die.
2. It is sure that he will succeed.

Question 3.

1. It is evident that ________
2. that ________ is was sure.

Answer:

1. It is evident that the rain will fall today.
2. That the man would die was certain.

Question 4.

1. It was very unfortunate that ________
2. God help those who ________

Answer:

1. It was very unfortunate that you were taken ill.
2. Gold helps those who help themselves.

Question 5.

1. I do not know what ________
2. This is the boy whom ________

Answer:

1. I do not know what you have done.
2. This is a boy whom I met yesterday.

Question 6.

1. I do not know where ________
2. I have no belief in ________

Answer:

1. I do not know where he lives.
2. I have no belief in what he says.

Question 7.

1. Let me see what ________
2. The question is how ________

Answer:

1. Let me see what happens.
2. The question is how people behave.

Question 8.

1. Strike the iron while ________
2. I went to see him because ________

Answer:

1. Strike the iron while it is hot.
2. I went to see him because he was seriously ill.

Question 9.

1. Here he lives where ________
2. Go where ________

Answer:

1. Here he lives where he likes.
2. Go where you like.

Question 10.

1. Go to bed early so that ________
2. Better to rain in hell than ________

Answer:

1. Go to bed early so that you may rise early.
2. Better to rain in hell than serve in heaven.

Question 11.

1. Radha is not so beautiful as ________
2. Even if the night is dark, he will ________

Answer:

1. Radha is not so beautiful as Sita.
2. Even if the night is dark, he will start.

Question 12.

1. The sun will rise so long as ________
2. None can harm you as long as ________

Answer:

1. The sun will rise so long as the world lasts.
2. None can harm you as long as you are good.

Question 13.

1. Until you remain idle, you ________
2. Until you are dutiful you ________

Answer:

1. Until you remain idle you will get no success.
2. Until you are dutiful you will be praised.

Question 14.

1. You are afraid you ________
2. Unless you do not labour hard you ________

Answer:

1. You are afraid you will fail.
2. Unless you do not labour hard you will not get success.

Question 15.

1. You can not mend yourself unless ________
2. I agree to what ________

Answer:

1. You can not mend yourself unless you are not penalized.
2. I agree with what you say

Question 16.

1. He writes letter than ________
2. He is as good as ________

Answer:

1. He writes a letter than he speaks.
2. He is as good as you are.

Question 17.

1. Nothing is better than ________
2. He acted as if ________

Answer:

1. Nothing is a letter than good health.
2. He acted as if he were a mad man.

Question 18.

1. Work hard otherwise ________
2. Obey you teacher otherwise ________

Answer:

1. Work hard otherwise, you will fail.
2. Obey your teacher otherwise, you will be punished.

Question 19.

1. I can not attend my classes because ________
2. I know, that you ________

Answer:

1. I can not attend my clause because I am ill.
2. I know that you are a good friend.

Question 20.

1. I know that ________
2. Tell me what ________

Answer:

1. I know that the earth is round.
2. Tell me what you have done.

Question 21.
Complete the following using the clauses given in the box:

What my governess taught me;
that you can at a young age;
When you are young.

________ you remember everything forever. Now that I am old, I forget everything in a few seconds, but I still cannot get on without remembering ________ I advise you to cram in all.
Answer:
When you are young you remember everything forever. Now that I am old, I forget everything in a few seconds, but I still cannot get on without remembering what my governess taught me. I advise you to cram in all that you can at a young age.

Question 22.
Complete the following using the clauses given in the box.

that she should hide;
how to escape from them;
where he should go;

The city was torn with riots. The old man did not know the place ________ along with his daughter. Since the house was surrounded by rioters he even did not know ________ He, therefore, told his daughter ________ somewhere.
Answer:
The city was torn with riots. The old man did not know the place where he should go along with his daughter Since the house was surrounded by rioters, he even did not know how to escape from them, He, therefore, told his daughter that she should hide somewhere.

Hope you liked the article on Bihar Board Solutions of Class 9 English Grammar Clauses Questions and Answers and share it among your friends to make them aware. Keep in touch to avail latest information regarding different state board solutions instantly.

Get Updated Bihar Board Class 9th English Book Solutions in PDF Format and download them free of cost. Bihar Board Class 9 English Book Solutions Grammar Idioms and Phrases Questions and Answers provided are as per the latest exam pattern and syllabus. Access the topics of Panorama English Book Class 9 Solutions Grammar Idioms and Phrases through the direct links available depending on the need. Clear all your queries on the Class 9 English Subject by using the Bihar Board Solutions for Grammar Idioms and Phrases existing.

Bihar Board Class 9 English Grammar Idioms and Phrases

Use the following phrases to bring out their meanings:

• Add to: The music added to our enjoyment.
• Again and again: I read my books again and again.
• Above all: Above all, be honest.
• As a matter of fact: As a matter of fact, he is innocent.
• Along with: He came here along with his mother.
• At home in: He is at home in English grammar.

• As soon as: As soon as I reached the station the train left.
• As well as: He gave me money as well as advice.
• A beast of prey: The tiger is a beast of prey.
• A bed of roses: Life is full of worries; it is not a bed of roses.
• A drop in the ocean: Your help is nothing but a drop in the ocean.
• A fair-weather friend: A fair-weather friend cannot be relied on.
• A feather in one’s cap: This success has added a feather to his cap.
• A fish out of water: In a big city, a villager feels like a fish out of water.
• A hairbreadth escape: He had a hairbreadth escape in that accident.
• A maiden speech: His maiden speech was very impressive.

• A man of parts: Rahul Sankrityayan was a man of parts.
• A wolf in sheep’s: Beware of him; he is a wolf in sheep’s clothing.
• At variance with: His actions are ai variance with his words.
• As to: He said nothing as to wages.
• Bag and baggage: He left this place bag and baggage.
• By fits and starts: He does everything by fits and starts.
• By hook or by crook: He has decided to gain his end by hook or by crook.
• By leaps and bounds: Our country is progressing by leaps and bounds.
• By the by: By the by let me know your future plan.
• By means of: He recovered his health by means of a proper diet.
• By the side of: He sat by the side of his mother.

• Back out: He promised to help me but he backed out.
• Be off: I must be off.
• Come across: I came across my friend in the market.
• Come down: The prices of rice and wheat will not come down.
• Come off: When will the match come off?
• Due to: The accident was due to his carelessness.
• Die out: Many old customs are dying out.
• Drop off: My friends dropped off one by one.
• Ever and anon: He goes to his village home ever and anon.
• Far and away: He is far and away from the best boy of this class.

• Fair and square: He is fair and square in is dealings.
• Far and wide: The fame of Mrs Indira Gandhi has spread far and wide.
• First and foremost: It is our first and foremost duty to serve the country.
• Face to face: At last the two men met face to face.
• Flesh and blood: Flesh and blood cannot bear such insult.
• Fond of: He is very fond of reading.
• For good: Ram left the town for good.
• For the sake of: He saved money for the sake of his daughter’s marriage.
• For want of: Crops have failed for want of rain.
• Fall through: All his plans fell through.
• For fear of: He does not drive a car for fear of an accident.

• Give and take: We should follow the principle of giving and take.
• Give out: Our food supplies began to give out.
• Give up: He gave up smoking.
• Get in: What time does your train get in?
• Get up: What time do you get up?
• Get out: The teacher ordered him to get out.
• Go away: Go away with your luggage.
• Go back: He will go back soon.
• Go by: Several days went by, but he did not come back.
• Go off: The gun went off by accident.
• Go out: The fire has gone out.
• Go up: The prices of book and paper have gone up.
• Hand in hand: Let us work hand in hand for the good of the country.
• Hard and fast: There is no hard and fast rule for precis writing.
• Heart and soul: He is working heart and soul.

• Hither and thither: Birds are flying hither and thither.
• Hole and corner: I hate the hole and corner policy of politicians.
• Hue and cry: He raised a hue and cry against this injustice.
• Hale and hearty: My friend is quite hale and hearty.
• In contact with: I am in contact with him.
• Ins and outs: I alone know his ins and outs.
• In a fix: He was in a fix and did not know what to do.
• In a nutshell: In a nutshell, this is the aim of education.
• In black and white: He gave his statement in black and white.
• In case of: A true friend is ready to help us in case of need.
• In cold blood: He was murdered in cold blood.

• In the dark: I am still in the dark about this matter.
• In the good book of: He is in the good book of his boss.
• In the long run: In the long run, you will succeed.
• In the nick of time: He reached the station in the nick of time.
• In the teeth of: He stood firm in the teeth of opposition.
• In the wake of: In the wake of the flood came famine.
• In the course of time: In the course of time, he earned a lot of money.
• In fact: In fact, he is a liar.
• In case: You should inform me in case you need money.
• In the course of: The road is in course of construction.

• In search of: He is in search of a job.
• In connection with: Tell me all you know in connection with that case.
• In favour of: He resigned in favour of a better man.
• In honour of: A party was arranged in honour of the chief Guest.
• In quest of: He is in quest of a good house.
• In spite of: In spite of hard labour, he could not succeed.
• In view of: You should not go out in view of biting cold.
• In the event of: You should try again in the event of failure.
• Kith and kin: He always helps his kith and kin.
• Knockdown: The old beggar was knocked down by a bus.
• Loaves and fishes: Most of our leaders fight for loaves and fishes a barrel.
• Lock, stock and barrel: He sold his property lock, stock and barrel.

• Let off: They let the thief off with a fire.
• Let out: He let the water out of the bath-tub.
• Look in: Won’t you look in when you are here?
• Look on: Will you go to the station and look on for Mr. Sinha.
• Look up to: He always looks up to his teachers.
• Make fun of: They made fun of her.
• Make off: The thief tried to make off, but he was caught.
• Make out: He made out a list of books.
• Makeover: He has made over his house to his son.

• Makeup: They had a quarrel but they have made it up now
• Nook and corner: He searched his lost child in every nook and corner of this town.
• Null and void: Some of these laws have been declared null and void.
• Of course: Of course, I love my country.
• Off and on: He comes here off and on.
• On account of: He was absent on account of illness.
• On the brink of: He is on the brink of ruin.
• On the eve of: He died on the eve of his victory.
• Odds and ends: He could pick up only the odds and ends.
• Open and above board: Whatever I do is open and above board.
• Out and out: He is out and out wicked.

• Over and above: He is known for his sincerity over and above his honesty.
• Of no avail: He tried to win our support but it was of no avail.
• Over and over again: Read this book over and over again.
• Overhead and ears: He is over head and ears in debt.
• On the ground of: He was allowed to leave on the ground of his illness.
• Part and parcel: Kashmir is the part and parcel of India.
• Pros and cons: Let us consider the pros and cons of this matter.
• Pick up: The bus stopped to pick up passengers.
• Pull up: The.car pulled up at the gate.
• Put off: The meeting was put off.
• Pass off: The election passed off peacefully.
• Pick out: He picked out the books he wanted.

• Pull through: He is very ill but I hope he will pull through.
• Put away: Put your books away.
• Put up: I can put you up for a week.
• Rack and ruin: A reckless fellow soon goes to rack and ruin.
• Rundown: The clock has run down.
• Runoff: The thief ran off when he was challenged.
• Run out: My patience is running out.
• Slow and steady: Slow and steady wins the race.
• Spick and span: Everything in his rooms is neat and tidy, spick and span.
• Stuff and nonsense: Your argument is mere stuff and nonsense.
• Set in: Winter has set in.
• Set off: We set off at 6 o’clock.
• Set out: He set out for Patna.

• To and fro: He does not stick to one place; he walks to and fro.
• Tooth and nail: He fought his enemy tooth and nail.
• The three R’s: Even a peasant in England knows the three R’s.
• Through thick and thin: He stands by me through thick and thin.
• To abide by: A sportsman must abide by the rules of the game.
• To add fuel to the flame: His fiery speech added fuel to the flame.
• To avail oneself of: You must avail yourself of this opportunity.
• To bear false witness: Never bear false witness.
• To bear in mind: You must bear in mind that discipline is of vital importance.
• To bid defiance to: He bade defiance to the authority of God.
• To bid fair to: He bids fair to become a great scholar.
• To blow hot and cold: He blows hot and cold in the same breath.
• To blow one’s own trumpet: He always blows his own trumpet.

• To break the ice: It was I who broke the ice after an uneasy silence.
• To bring home to: A good teacher brings his point home to his students.
• To bring to the book: A criminal must be brought to book.
• To bring to light: It was he who brought this matter to light.
• To come to grief: Those who do not act wisely come to grief.
• To come to grips: Let us first come to grips with the real issues.
• To come to one’s senses: After many failures, the boy came to his senses.
• To end in smoke: His plan to overthrow the government ended in smoke.
• To fall prey to: He fell a prey to cholera.
• To get in the way: Do not get in the way of others.

• To get rid of: He is trying to get rid of his enemies.
• Turn off: Turn off the radio.
• Turn out: How many people turned out for the meeting.
• Turn to: The child turned to its mother for comfort.
• Turn up: He promised to come but he has not turned up yet.
• Up and down: There was a commotion up and down the house.
• Ups and downs: He has seen the ups and downs of life.
• Weal and woe: You should share in the weal and woe of your neighbour.
• Wear and tear: Every firm provides for the wear and tear of machines.

• Without fail: I shall meet you without fail.
• Wear out: Cheap shoes soon wear out.
• With an eye to: He is working hard with an eye to the future.

Hope you liked the article on Bihar Board Solutions of Class 9 English Grammar Idioms and Phrases Questions and Answers and share it among your friends to make them aware. Keep in touch to avail latest information regarding different state board solutions instantly.

Get Updated Bihar Board Class 9th English Book Solutions in PDF Format and download them free of cost. Bihar Board Class 9 English Book Solutions Paragraph Writing Questions and Answers provided are as per the latest exam pattern and syllabus. Access the topics of Panorama English Book Class 9 Solutions Paragraph Writing through the direct links available depending on the need. Clear all your queries on the Class 9 English Subject by using the Bihar Board Solutions for Paragraph Writing existing.

Bihar Board Class 9 English Paragraph Writing

Write a paragraph in about 80 or 100 words on the following:

1. The Indian Farmer
The life of the Indian farther is very hard. He has to work hard from dawn to dusk. He does not care for the inclemencies of the weather. He may be seen working in his fields in the burning sun and the biting cold. Sometimes he has to work at night, too. He hardly gets two square meals a day. He cannot enjoy the pleasures of life. He is always in debt. The yield of crops is very poor because he still carries on his cultivation by old methods. He depends mainly on rain for water. His only sources of income is agriculture. So, the failure of crops ruins him. He is so steeped in poverty, ignorance and superstition that he cannot improve his lot.

2. Newspapers or The Importance of Newspaper
Newspapers are very useful in modem life. They are the source of both information and entertainment. They give us information about the latest events in the world. They offer comments on current events and enable us to form our own opinions on national and international problems. Every reader gets some materials for himself in newspapers. They give a lot of information about films, sports, books and market prices. Those who are in search of jobs find advertisements for various jobs in newspapers. Besides, the reading of a newspaper improves our language. Thus, we can say that newspapers are a part of our daily life.

3. The Postman
The postman is the most useful public servant. He works in the post-office. He does a great service to us. We cannot do without him. We all become happy to see him. He brings letters to us from our friends and relations. He also brings parcels and money-orders to us. Sometimes he brings us happy telegrams about our success. He works all the year-round. He moves from door to door in sun and rain. He knows every person in his area. Everyone awaits his arrival, though sometimes he brings sad news also. We do not have to go to the post-office for our letters. The postman himself comes to us.

4. The Rickshaw-puller
The life of the rickshaw-puller is generally miserable. His poor health and tattered clothes tell die the story of his wants and miseries. He leads a hard life. He works hard from dawn to dusk but he cannot live in comfort. He pulls the rickshaw in the scorching sun, biting cold and heavy rain. In spite of his hard labour, he does not earn much. His income is small but has to maintain his family on that income. He always runs the risk of being knocked down by a speeding truck. He may fall prey to fatal diseases. He has little money to take care of himself in his illness. How miserable the life of the rickshaw puller is!

5. The Washerman
The washerman is a useful member of society as he washes our clothes. He works hard from dawn to dusk but he does not earn much. He collects dirty clothes from different houses. He boils them in a solution of water and soda for some time. Then he takes them to a river or tank and washes them. He spreads them in the sun for drying. Then he irons the washed clothes and returns them to his customers. In spite of his hard labour, he does not earn much. So, his condition is miserable.

6. Beggars
In India, beggars can be seen at public places. Wherever we go to the railway station or to a bus-stop, we are sure to meet them. They present a very pathetic sight. They present an image of poverty. Wrapped in rags, they move about with begging bowls in their hands. Some of them are lame, some are blind and some are deaf and dumb. They are generally physically disabled and neglected. It is really a pathetic sight. They arouse our pity. One wonders how misery and sufferings have reduced them to their pitiable condition. It is our duty to help them as much as we can.

7. Street Hawkers
Street hawkers are a common sight: They are found in lanes, streets, railway platform and bus-stands. They move from place to place from dawn to dusk. They may be seen carrying baskets on their heads or their wares in a trolley. They deal in all sorts of things which we use in our daily life. They are indeed like walking shops. They attract their customers by advertising their goods in a charming way. Sometimes they sing songs in praise of their wares. It is difficult to resist the temptation to buy the things they sell. They do not lose heart if they fail to find customers. Their smiling faces show their optimism.

8. The Policeman
The policeman has to do a very hard job. He is always watchful and vigilant. He has to obey the orders of his superiors without any murmur. He must not fear the sun, the rain or the cold weather. He detects crimes and arrests criminals. He goes out on rounds at night in his area to see if bad characters are out to commit a crime. His main duty is to protect life and property. He is responsible for peace and safety in his area. Sometimes his life is in danger. In big towns, policemen also control the traffic and thus prevent accidents.

9. Your favourite teacher
Shri R. B. Roy is the best teacher of my school. He is very generous and kind-hearted. He is a great scholar. He is a veij efficient teacher. He teaches English and Hindi in top classes. He. mikes his lessons very interesting. Rarely a boy is found absent from hieclass. It is a pleasure to attend his classes. He is a very strict disciplinarian. There is pindrop silence in his class. But at the same time he is very sympathetic and affectionate in his behaviour. He seldom loses his temper. He is always impartial. So, he commands our love and respect.

10. A Village Fair
A village fair is almost like a periodical market. Most of the villages are far from towns. So, the village fair serves the needs of villagers. It is generally held in a big spacious place outside a village. A central site is chosen so that other neighbouring villages may not be very far from it. Stalls which are temporarily erected are arranged in rows. Shopkeepers from towns and villages hire those stalls. They bring various kinds of things for display and sale. Vast crowds gather to see and buy things. The cinema, circus, magic shows, etc., visit these village fairs to entertain the crowd. A fair is a place where villagers meet their friends and relatives. The village fair lasts for.about a week.

11. A Village Market
The village market is a place where people gather to buy and sell things. People from nearby villages also visit this market. There are a few permanent shops in the market. But we find a good number of temporary shops there. Most of the shopkeepers pile their things on the grounds. They sell grains, vegetables, fish, coarse cloth, stationery, utensils, sweets and agricultural implements. There is a lot of noise in the village market. It is difficult to settle the price of a thing because of bargaining. A person who visits the market for die first time may be easily swindled. Though the market is full of noise, dust and disorder, it is very useful to villagers.

12. My Favourite Book Or, The Book You Like Most
Books are the treasure of knowledge. I have read many books but I like Bhagwad Gita most. It is a part of the Mahabharat. Lord Krishna through this Bhagwat Gita preached Arjuna. Arjuna did not like to fight in the battle-field. Lord Krishna gave him the message of Niskam KarrmHe told him that a man must go on doing his duty without any motive to fulfil his desires. He told Arjuna that the soul is immortal whereas this body is perishable. Thus, he should not get worried about the death of Drona and Bhishma. Thus, immortality of soul has been very well presented in the Gita. It has rich philosophy. It gives us peace of mind.

13. The Cinema
The cinema is the most popular means of entertainment in modern life. As soon as the film begins we are transported to another world. We forget for the moment that the men and women enacting the drama of life are nothing but moving pictures on a screen. We watch the actions of men and women with great curiousity. We forget our sorrows and share their joys. When the hero dies, we feel pity for him. We forget our cares and. anxieties when we watch a good film. Some films also teach us good lessons. They also help us in leading our life in a better way.

14. Your Favourite Game or The Game you Like Most
I like football most. It is a very popular game in our country. I like it for several reasons. It is a very interesting game. It gives us some mental, exercise, too. We have to be alert and active all the time. We need intelligence and imagination for scoring a goal. We develop fellow-feeling, a sense of co-operation and team spirit through this game. We develop good habits and manners. This game is also very cheap. Its rules are simple. We only need a playground and a leather ball with a rubber bladder for the game.

15. The Season You Like Most
Of all the seasons I like the spring most. It is the best season of the year. It is called the queen of the seasons. How beautiful the earth looks during this season! Different kinds of flowers bloom in the spring. The smiling flowers give us a lot of joy. They make us forget u: cares and anxieties. When we walk in a garden, we are filled with joy. The cuckoo is mad with joy. Its sweet notes charm us. The days of the springs are very pleasant. The spring brings beauiful sights and charming sounds. It is the season of joy. That is why I am very fond of this season.

16. The Festival I like most or An Indian Festival
India is a land of Festivals. Holi, Deepawali, Durga-Puja, etc. arc some of the festivals of Hindus. I like Holi festival most Holi is the famous festival of Hindus. It is a festival of joy and beauty. The festival adds to the beauty of the seaso i. People eat, drink and make cherry. They beat drum. They go from house to house. They use colour and ibir on the face and body of their friends and negihbours. The rich and me poor, the high and low are mad of joy. They .embrace each other. This festival marks the victory of good over evils. It reminds us of the story of Prahlad and Hiranyakashyap.

17. Friendship
In our life, which is generally full of sorrow and misery, friendship is a great blessing’. It lessens our sorrow and doubles our joys. In this world of pain and suffering, friendship provides a ray of hope There is. mutual sympathy between two friends. They share the joys and sorrows of each other. Friendship makes the tiresome journey of life pleasant. Real friendship is based on unselfishness and mutual love. A true friend is ready to make any sacrifice for his friend. He is always loyal to his friend. He admires his friend’s virtues and forgives his faults. But true friendshipis rare in this world of ours.

18. The usefulness of Electricity
Electricity is a very useful and important necessity today. People have turned it to various uses. It is used to light houses, streets and roads. It turns the fan over our heads and keeps us cool in summer. The electric light is very convenient. We press the switch and our room is at once flooded with light. Electricity drives trams, trains and other vehicles. It also cooks our food. The telephone, telegraph, cinema, radio and television are worked by electricity. Thus, electricity helps us in receiving messages from distant places. Electricity is a great friend of man. If electricity is not available, all the comforts of modem life will lose their meaning.

19. Walking
Walking is a good exercise and everyone can practise it without any trouble. It improves our health and refreshes our mind. It suits both the olS and the young. But it is quite necessary for the weak and old persons. It is equally suitable for the people engaged in mental work. Walking is entertaining orfly when we walk in company of friends. Walking with friends has its own pleasure which can only be felt, not described. Some people like to walk alone. It is the only form of exercise that is good for children, women and the convalescents alike. One who misses it, perhaps misses a lot of good things.

20. The Importance of Discipline
Discipline is necessary in every walk of life. In fact, discipline adds to our success. Without discipline our social life will be sad and disorderly, Discipline is the most important factor behind the progress of any nation. It is necessary in schools. Students must be disciplined because ‘hey are the future citizens of their country. If the drivers do not obey the rules of the road, it may be dangerous to move on the road. Can a family be happy if all members refuse to obey the head of the family? If the soldiers lack discipline, they will lose a battle. So, discipline is absolutely essential for life.

21. The Importance of Games and Sports
Games and sports are vital in our life. Like food and drink, they are also very important. Life is dull without games. Games and sports develop in us a sense of fellow-feeling. They train our minds and shape our thinking. A real sportsman is a true gentleman. Games and sports inculcate in us the spirit of co-operation, discipline, honesty and sportsmanship. A sportsman has a healthy spirit of competition. He plays for the sake of playing and is never jealous of others.

22. Television
Television is one of the wonders of science. It is very common and popular these days. It means distant vision. It receives and transmits visual vision. It enables the people to see whatever happens in qNifcmnt parts of the country and the world. Now, it has become a majeyjprm of media communication. The games and sports held in India and abroad are presented to us on television. Sitting at home we can enjoy them. Now, it is a great means of education. It can educate the students about tbjs.latest discoveries of science and technology. It is also good for farmers. It educates the fanners about the latest technical devices of agriculture. There are some disadvantages of television. Some people do nothing but watch the television. It causes unnecessary wastage of time and energy. But advantages of T.V. are more than the disadvantages.

23. Health is Wealth
We all know the saying Health is wealth. Health is the most precious thing in human life. Life without good health is no life at all. An unhealthy man leads a miserable life. He may be rich, but he finds no pleasure in life. His life becomes a burden to him. A healthy man can achieve success by dint of hard work. Good health is the key to success in life. The real wealth of man is his health. The secret of happiness in human life is good health. Without health riches are useless. So, sound health is our real treasure. We must keep ourselves fit and healthy. Good health sweetens our life and brings prosperity. “A sound mind is in a sound body” is a reality.

24. Honesty is the Best Policy
Honesty is one of the greatest virtues of man. It is very useful in human life. It makes the life of a man happy and successful. An honest man wins success and is admired by all. Honesty is the greatest source of strength. A man who is honest has nothing to fear and nothing to be ashamed of. Honesty is his greatest weapon. An honest man may not get success in the beginning, but in the long run his honesty brings name and fame. The success of a dishonest man is his failure, because in future nobody will trust him. So, honesty should be the principle of our life.

25. The Advantages of Early Rising
There are many advantages of early rising. A man who is an early riser gets time to do lots of work. In the early morning the mind is fresh. So, an early riser can do hard work more attentively. An early riser enjoys the beauty of Nature in the morning. He gets fresh morning air which keeps him fit for the whole day. Early rising is good for health. An early riser goes to bed early and sleeps well at night. An early riser can do a lot of work before the other people get up. He is healthy, happy and relaxed most of the time. So, early rising has many advantages.

26. Your Aim in Life or My Aim in Life
I want to serve my country in the best possible way. I want to become a leader for doing some useful work for my country. I find that there is a big gap between the aspirations of the masses and their fulfilment. So, it is the duty of the leaders of India to understand their aspirations and try for their fulfilment. True and good leaders are those who are always willing to sacrifice themselves for the sake of their people and their country. If there are no good leaders, the country may have to pass through a critical period of its history. I wish to be an honest and hardworking leader. I want to serve and do something for my country. May God make my dream come true one day.

27. The Happiest Day in Your Life
Shall I ever forget the day which brought me fortune? The memory of the happiest day in my life is still fresh in my mind. When I woke up in the morning I could not expect that it would be a lucky day. As I took a glance at the newspaper lying on the table, I found to my surprise that I had won the first prize in a lottery. My mother embraced me lovingly as I announced the news. I was beside myself with excitement. It was a stroke of luck and I had become rich in a moment. I wondered how 1 would spend that huge amount of money. I was lost in a world of dreams.

28. The Scene at a Railway Station
The Railway station is a very colourful place. It is full of life and activities. Passengers are seen walking or talking leisurely till their train arrives. With the arrival of the train, there is increase in the magnitude of noise and excitement. Every passenger is on his legs. As the train stops, everyone rushes towards the compartment. Sometimes a large number of passengers hasten towards one compartment only. The porters higgle and argue with the passengers for their charges. In the rush that follows in getting into and coming out of the compartments, pick-pockets pick the pockets of some of the passengers.

29. The Ganga
The Ganga is a holy river. It rises from the Himalayas; The Ganga flows through Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Bengal. Then it falls into the Bay of Bengal. The Ganga divides Bihar into two parts; one part is North Bihar and the other is South Bihar. There are many towns and cities on its banks. The Ganga is useful to farmers. People take a bath in it on religious occasions. The Hindus worship the Ganga and call it Ganga Mata.

30. The Importance of a Class Monitor
A class consists of at least fifty students. Every class has a monitor. The class monitor has a great importance for the maintainence of peace in the class. When the class is without a teacher, the class-monitor keeps the class in order. He has to see that no boy create nonsense in the class. If something happens bad in the class he manages it, if it is out of his control, he conforms the matter to the Headmaster. The Headmaster takes steps. The class monitor sees that no student can feel any difficulty in the class. He welcomes the teacher in the class and give him the details of the progress. A class without monitor is nothing but a family without a guardian.

31. A Student life
A student life is the future hope of a country. A student’s Kfe is very hard, He has to labour hard. No student can progress without hard labour. He is always in want of money. He has to depend on others for everything. He sometimes faces many problems. A student is the back¬bone of a country. He must get all facilities. Some students are rude. They cannot leam anything. They lose the bright future their life. Life is a learning process-. A student’s period is short. He must get free education. He must get food and cloth free of cost. We ought to help him with books and pens also.

32. My Hobby
Every man has got some hobby. Some are interested in reading novels and short stories. My hobby is to read religious books. I read the Quoran, the Gita, the Bible and so on. I get light from these books. I read some comments on these books. I am very fond of such books. Such books are full of Science, Arts, Philosophy and what not. I remain sitting at home and go on reading these books. They are of great use to us. They are full of morals.

33. Your (our) Village.
Life in our village is peaceful but not pleasant. Our village has no roads and electricity. It has no hospital and dispensary. Our village has the pleasures of nature. There are green fields looking like beautiful gardens. There are fresh air and water here. It is free from pollution. It is free from dim and bustle of the town life. We get pure milk and food. Living in a village is good for health. But we lack many things here. We are not able to get medical help in time of needs. Newspapers and magazines are not easily available here. We have no means of transport to go easily to distant places. We get letters from friends and relatives after a long delay. But there is peace and tranquillity here. Our villagers live in harmony. Thus, the life here is peaceful and happy but lacks many things of comfort and luxury.

34. A School Peon
I read in H. E. School Jamtara. It is a big school. Here are four peons. Shri Suraj Dayal is the oldest peon of my school. He is aged about fifty six. He is a matriculate. He is grave, wise and gentle. All students respect him. He is very dutiful and hardy. He has got a very good knowl-edge of the records of the school. He is a very good asset of the school. He helps the students most. He reaches school before time. He is an ideal peon.

35. My Neighbour
I live at Piro Chatra. It is a big village. Shri Lalit Singh is my neigh-bour. He lives just beside my house. He is a teacher in some high school. He is an M.A. in English and History. He is very grave and gentle. Once my father was seriously ill. He daily came to my house. He helped us with money also. He is a good friend, philosopher and guide to us. He is a solid man. He has got four sons and two daughters. They are all well behaved. His wife is very noble and gentle. We call him uncle. He is an ideal neigh-bour.

36. Our School
I am a student. I read in Zila School Ranchi. It is an old school. It was founded in 1914. One thousand boys and girls read in this school. There are 30 teachers. They are qualified. All are trained. They teach us with love and care. There is a provision for games and sports. All games are played. We take pari in it. Annual function is held every year. Good students are rewarded. It has a rich library. There is a rich science laboratory. There is a small garden in front of the school. The school has a pucca house. The rooms are airy and lighted. There is a hostel. Intelligent boys reside in it. Most of the students of our school get first division in the Secondary Board Examination. We are proud of our school.

37. Morning Walk Walking is a Good Exercise
Walking is a good exercise. Every one can do it easily. It brings energy. We can walk both the times, in morning and evening. Morning walk is the better of the two. Evening walk is also very useful. It is a very good habit. For this every one has to get up very early in the morning. He soon starts for the bank of a river, a canal or a pond. He may go to a green park in a town. There he gets fresh air. He sees the sun rise. They are very useful to health. His mind gets fresh. He can work very peacefully all day long. Walking costs us nothing. We may walk with our friends and relations. Our talks should be healthy then. Evening walk also brings sound sleep in the night.

38. Cleanliness
Cleanliness is next to godliness. Every one likes it. It removes dirts and refuses. Dirtiness-breeds diseases. It dulls our brain. A neat and clean man does anything properly. He can think well. He can do everything beautifully. Dirts and refuses should be thrown out of the house daily. We have a bath daily. We keep our body neat and clean. We clean our clothes. We sweep our floor with a broom. We should at once throw our dirts and refuses. We should not make nuisance here and there. We should clean our drains. We should advise our neighbours to do likewise. We should not go to a dirty place.

39. Discipline or Good manners or The value of discipline
Discipline means manners. It teaches us how to live a good and social life: No discipline, no life. Manners make the man. We leam discipline and manners in classes. We can’t rise in life without it. Every one hates an indisciplined man. Discipline is the best way of life. It promotes fellow feeling, intimacy and good relationship. Man is respected everywhere due to his manners. He gets elevated in life due to it. Discipline is a good action. We have to work and behave decently. This will keep us in a good position every where. Learning minus discipline is a big zero.

40. A Great National Leader of India
India is a vast country. It has been slave for long. Our national leaders and patriots made this country free. Mahatma Gandhi was the greatest of them. If it is said that one man has made this country free, the man is none but Mr. Gandhi. He is popularly called Bapujee. He was bom on the 2nd Oct. 1869. His father’s name was Karamchand Gandhi. His wife’s name was Kasturba. Kasturba was also a great patriot. She died in jail for the country. Bapujee was jailed several times. Dr Rajendra Prasad, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, Ballabh Bhai Patel, Moulana Abulkalam Azad, Subhash Chandra Bose and others were his true disciples. He got freedom by dint of his untold sacrifices. He preached non-violence, love and touchability among the people of his country. Thus he aroused the sense of nationality, brotherhood and fraternity among the people of this country. He was rightly called the father of the nation. How can we forget him in life?

41. The value of science
Today is the era of science. Science is our life. At present we cannot do without it. We need it all the time. Science has brought about untold changes in our life. Electricity, trains, planes, cars, T. V., radio and other are the main gifts of science. We are much profilled by them. Still we lag behind most of the other countries of the world in science. Our life is now fast. We have to finish so many things in a very short period. We have to apply the scientific method in all walk of life. Then we can fully progress in life. Science has proved a great boon to the society.

42. Your Principal or Headmaster
I am a pupil at a high School. There are sixteen teachers. One is head. He is called headmaster. His name is Shri Rajendra Singh. He is a trained M. A. His knowledge is-deep. He has a taste for poetry. He teaches well. He is a good manager. He keeps the house neat and clean. He has a strong sense of discipline. He obeys rules. Others follow him. So there is peace in the school. Good boys love him. Teachers respect him. People honour him. He punishes bad boys. To spare the rod is to spoil the child, he knows it. Sometimes he takes the classes. He inspires his teachers for better performance in the class. He is a man of plain living and high thinking.

43. Deepawali
Deepawali is a great festival of the Hindus. It is celebrated in the month of Kartik. It is the day of happiness and joy. On this very day, Lord Ram returned from the forest. We celebrate Deepawali in the memory of that incident. Every house is cleaned and white washed. Houses are lighteq with earthen lamps, candles or electric bulbs. We worship goddess Lakshmi also on the day. Lakshmi is goddess of wealth. Businessmen renew their account- books etc. Children play with crackers etc. Sweets are distributed in all the houses.

44. A Hospital
Hospital is a place where patients are treated. Here we find doctors and nurses. They go from one patient to another. They examine them, give them medicines and listen to their problems. A hospital presents the real picture of human suffering. There are various wards for different diseases. Children ward, Surgery ward, Medical ward, Eye ward, ENT ward, Emergency ward etc. are common in any hospital. There is a paying ward also. All facilities are available in a big hospital. Expert and specialist doctors treat the patients properly and in their own way. All modem and latest machines and tools are available in better hospitals. So, a hospital is of great importance to us.

45. My School Garden
My school garden wears different looks in different parts of the year reflecting the methods of the different seasons. The scorching heat of the summer sun favours the multi-coloured portulacas, the lilies and the flowering trees .that stand at the edge of the large garden boundary. The “Gul-Mohar” sparks its blazing glory while the ‘Golden labumam’ does not fall to lag behind. The trailing glory of the varied colourd Bougain-villaea are refreshing for the tired eyes. But it is winter that transforms our garden into a paradise with lush blooms of Chrysanthe¬mums, Dahlss, Salvias planted in skillfully organised manner. The borders of candy-tufls, phlox and verbinas call attention to themselves. But the bed of flowers that invitability takes our breath away with its heady perfumes and riot of colours is-of course, our most beloved the Rose.

46. Our School Library
Our School has a library. It is not in good condition. The library is without a full time librarian. The library-in-charge is also busy otherwise there is no reading room. The books also are old. So we must improve it. There should be a trained librarian. The library and reading room should be sunny and airy. There should be funds for new and good books. Newspapers and magazines should be available in the library. Every student should get books from the library. In this way our poor school library can be improved.

47. A Foot-ball Match
Only yesterday I witnessed a very interesting football-match. It was between our school and B. N. Collegiate. These two schools clashed in the final of Sri. R. N. Cup Tournament. The match started at 4 p.m. There was a big crowd to witness the match. The play was scoreless till the interval. After that collegiate boys scored a field goal. But about two minutes before the final whistle, our school boys equalised it. Then the extra time was given, Both the teams were good. They did their best to win. But our team won the match by two goals to one. It was a very exciting match.

48. My Daily Life (My Daily Routine)
I am a student. I live in a village with my parents. I am an early- riser. I get up at 5 A.M. everyday. Then I attented the call of nature. I wash my hands and feet. Then I clean my teeth. I have my bath. I get my snack. I sit down for my studies. I finish my home task. I do my class lesson. I have my meal. I go to school on foot. I return home by 4.30 P.M. I play some games with my friends. I sit at a table again. I do my lessons till 9 P.M. Then I take my supper. I go to bed by ten, I pray to God. I get tired by that time. So I have a sound sleep at night. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

49. The Bullock Cart
A bullock-cart is an old conveyance. Two bullocks pull it. A man prods them. He is called carter. It is found mostly in villages. It is a must for farmers. It is very useful for them. It is the only means of transport in the villages. Farmers load the cart with seeds, fertilizers and pumping set. They take the loaded cart to distant fields. They bring their reaped crops to the farm with it. Roads in the village are outof repairs. They are dusty in summer. They become muddy in the rainy season. Only the bullock- cart can .move on them. The up-keep of it is easy and cheap. Farmers cannot ‘do without it.

50. “An Ideal Student” or, “The Most Popular Students of Your School”.
I read in Town H.E. School Sahebganj. Here are about two thousand students. All are good. Ram Nath Prasad is the most popular stu¬dent of my school. He is very intelligent and dcligent. He is tall and handsome. He never shirk labour. He always stands first in his class. He is very obedient, social, noble, brave and patient. He takes an active part in the game and the sports of the school. He is good player of foot-ball and volley ball specially. He is never absent from the class. All teachers love him most. He is sure to rise in life. He is certainly an ideal student.

51. Holi Celebrations in My Colony or Festival of Holi
Holi is a festival which I wait for the whole year, it’s indeed, a great pleasure to sprinkle coloured water on those whom you love and respect. This year’s Holi was also a memorable occasion. Early in the morning, boys of the colony gathered at different spots and would not let any passer-by go scot free. Some friends came from other colonies too and we enjoyed colouring one another’s face. We returned to ourplaces at about 2 o’clock in the afternoon. I had to spend a long time in the bathroom getting rid of the colours on the face and hands. Bath over and mother served the delicious food made specially to celebrate Holi. After a nap, all members of my family dressed up for an outing. We went to the houses of our friends giving them Holi gifts. We came back home in a very happy frame of mind.

52. A Picnic Party
Last Sunday we enjoyed a picnic on the bank of the river Damodar. We were a party of ten. We collected fifty rupees each and bought sweets, biscuits and fruits etc. We carried tea-things with us. We reached Rajrappa on our mobikes. The weather was cloudly. A cool breeze was blowing. We placed our things under a tree and began to play. We sat in a circle and enjoyed eating and drinking. Then there followed an interesting programme. Rinku sang a sweet song. Bhalloo gave a dance. It was evening. We came back with happy memories.

53. Value of Games
Games are an important part of our life. They are very important for the students. Out-door games help us to keep healthy. The games teach us to work and enjoy together. For no game can be played alone. Games create in us a spirit of discipline also. While playing the games, we have to follow the rules strictly. These days, our country needs good players. Our record in games has been far from good so far. We should understand the value of games. In fact, the games should be made compulsory for every student.

54. The Wonders of Science
Modem science is a house of wonders and miracles. It is far more powerful than Aladdin’s lamp. It does unheard of functions. Science has put into the hands of man powers which earlier only gods and angles had. Just imagine, we can swim like fish and fly like birds and run like rabbits. Our voices travel along the wires with the speed of electricity. Man has physi-cally reached the moon. We can see live telecast of Olympic Games and cricket matches. Television is one of the most delightful wonders of science. Electronics is the latest miracle of our age. Computers work faster and more efficiently than any human brain. The list of the wonderful inventions of science is limitless.

55. Your Visit to a Historical Place
A visit to a place of historical interest is a new experience, it is pleasant and educative. Last year, I had a chance to go to Agra. Agra has many buildings of historic interest. The most famods among them is Taj Mahal. It was a moonlit night when I saw the Taj. The words cannot express the beauty. The white marble looked like silver, reflection of the main building in water was as enchanting as the building itself. The walls of the building are decoratede with beautiful carvings. Shah Jahan built it in the memory of his queen Mumtaz Mahal. This is certainly the greatest memorial ever built.

56. A Visit to a Book Fair
There was held a Book Fair in Pragati Maidan, New Delhi in Au¬gust, 2004. Our class teacher organised a visit to it. So one Sunday we were taken to it. I was amazed to see hundreds of publishers and booksellers participating in it. There were thousands of books displayed. All the books had attractive designs. Almost all the subjects had been covered by these Jxxtks. There were children’s books all round. I wanted to buy some general books. But their prices were very high. Visiting the Fair was indeed an experience in itself.

57. Dowry System in India
Giving and receiving of dowry is,a social evil and a crime. Almost every eligible boy has a price. His parents dictate the terms and demand dowry in the form of cash and kind. Such demands put the poor father of the girl in a tight comer. He may beg, borrow or steal but he has to spend for his daughter’s marriage -The bride is tortured and even burnt alive. Isn’t it possible to finish this evil? Perhaps, we can check it to some extent through laws and proper education.

58. If I were the Principal of My School
All students are terribly afraid of their Principals. The Principal commands a certain fear around him. It may be due to the fact that he loves education. He wants his students to progress much in life. Well, if I were the Principal of my school. I would endear myself to all my students. I would see that they arc not afraid Of me. I would sec that their hidden talents are recognised properly. In short, I would like to be a friends, philosopher and guide to my students.

59. An Ideal Teacher
The ideal persons are rare in any field of life. It is more so in the field of education. The reason is not far to seek. We expect too much from the teachers. However, the teachers are a part of the society. An ideal teacher is one Who loves to learn and to teach. Yet most teachers are today devoted to money and honour. The society must provide these two things unasked to them. Only then can it expect to have ideal teachers.

60. An Ideal Citizen
An ideal citizen is he who remembers his duties towars the society. Ideal citizens are rare. We read about them only in stories, believe it is not impossible to become an ideal citizen. One needs to have firm determina-tion. Our selfishness will like us to go astray. Yet the lives of greatmen teach us that no one can become great without facing great difficulties. If these greatmen suffered so much, what do our petty sufferings matter?

61. My Best Friend
I am fortunate that I have many friends. Rakesh is my best friend. I like his company because our interests are alike. He is humorous but not cheap. He is clean in his dress, speech and habits. He comes of a middle class family but he has set his aims high. He inspires me to study, to play and to think. Our attraction for each other is mutual. Our friendship is the envy of my classmates. It is not based on any selfish motive. I can do him any service.

62. The Night Before the Examination
The night before the examination is really painful. The students have no sleep. They are full of tension. They want to read and revise everything during the night. They are greatly disturbed if one tells them about a certain question. They at once read for its answer. The students, thus, pass the whole night before the examination in tension. Their worried faces tell a sad story about them. Even if they have prepared tnoroughiy for the examination, the fearof examination is on their faces.

63. Work is Worship
We worship God for all that He has blessed us with. We seek his blessings. We worship great men and noble souls who did a lot to make this world worth-living. Mere words and idle worship lead us nowhere. We must put in hard work. This is the best form of worship. Praying to God and doing nothing is not real worship. We should work honestly and with a will. Our success in life depends on the work we put in. Hard work will bear fruit and change this world into a paradise.

64. A Little Knowledge is a Dangerous Thing
We must prepare well before we start doing anything. The prepara-tion means to learn about the job. Otherwise, we are likely to spoil it. For example, a doctor must have full knowledge of the disease and the medicine. Unless he has got it, he should not try to cure a patient. In that case, instead of curing, his treatment can kill a patient. In the same way, a teacher must prepare his lesson well. In case he teaches only with a little knowledge, his students will never be able to follow him. In fact, no knowledge is better than incomplete knowledge.

65. Life in a big city
Life in a big city is full of glamour and is very alluring. There .no magnificent buildings, broad roads, electric lights, water pipes, well done rated shops, swift conveyance, parks, cinema houses etc. There are also mills and factories. All these dazzle the eyes of new comers to the city. We find novelty in everything. From time to time circus, drama parties and exhibitions visit the city and provide diversion to the people. Then there are football, Tennis and cricket matches, public meetings by eminent persons. But unfortunately we find soulless people in the city. They turn into something like a machine.

66. An Accident
There occurred a serious accident yesterday evening in our colony. A car was coming with a great speed. Suddenly there came a truck from the opposite direction. The car driver tried to overtake another car before him. But the car struck the truck direct. The driver died on the spot. The car was smashed up completely. The truck driver had no fault. He was driving at the normal speed.

67. Values of Trees in our life
Trees are as important to life as oxygen. Their benefits are too many. These can’t be counted. Trees provide fuel, fodder, furniture, fruits, oxygen, shelter to birds and animals etc. The most important is oxygen. Trees consume carbon dioxide and change it into oxygen. Then they provide beauty to the landscape. Without oxygen we can’t live for more than one minute. They keep ecological balance of nature. They bring rain. Without this, there is no life.

68. A Hot Summer Day
This year in Jharkhand summer was very hot. June and July are the hottest months. Twenty third June was the hottest day this year. At noon sun was pouring fire. Outside it was really very hot. There were fewer people on the roads. Birds and animals had taken shelter in a shady place. All the people perspired. Life seemed to have stopped. It was really very very hot day. The heat was unbearable.

69. A Visit to Zoo
Last Sunday my friends and I visite’d the Zoo. We bought the tickets and entered it. We saw various birds. They looked very beautiful. Their chirping charmed us greatly. Then we saw various monkeys. They gave us pleasure by their chattering. We also saw a gorilla. All the visitors were attracted to it. Crocodiles, elephants, tigers, lions, snakes and blue bulls looked fearsome. We were greatly excited to see them. We returned home in the evening.

70. The Person I like Most
I like my English teacher the most. She is very intelligent. She is a lady of great wisdom. Her method of teaching is very good. We understand easily what she teaches. She gives many examples from real life. She is very smart. She has a soft heart. She helps us with books. She is a very kind lady. She is polite too. We all love her very much.

71. A Rainy Day
A rainy day in summer is a great blessing. Last year the summer in Delhi was unusually hot. Hot winds continually blew from morning till evening. Nights, too, were close and stuffy. Hopeful eyes fixed at the sky prayed to God to have pity. God perhaps did listen and on the 18th of June; some clouds were seen gathering in the sky. There was joy all around. It started pouring soon. The showers came as a great relief to the perspiring persons. Very soon there was knee-deep water everywhere. Old and young played and bathed in the fain. Mangoes were readily in demand. When ilie- rain stopped, there was a rainbow in the sky. Heat had gone. All enjoy is a sound sleep at night.

72. A visit of a hostorical place
Last year I went to Agra. It has many buildings of historica interest. The most famous is Taj Mahal. I was greatly impressed to see The white marble looks like silver. The four minerets add to its glory. grassy lawns look very beautiful. The water canal adds beauty to the whole place. The Taj is like a dream in the moon-lit night. I can not forget my visit to Taj Mahal.

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Bihar Board Class 9 English Letter Writing

Question 1.
In about 100 words, write a letter to your friend inviting him to attend your birthday party.
Answer:

Mahendru
Patna, 800006
9th February 2011

My dear Rakesh,

It’s since long we met. I have not also heard from you for a month. I am afraid you are angry with me. Perhaps you remember that my birthday falls on February 26th.
I have decided to celebrate my birthday. A party will be held on the occasion. I have invited to the party some of my friends who are good musicians. They will present a musical programme. You will surely enjoy the party and the musical programme. Please do attend my birthday party. If you don’t come, I shall miss you badly. With best wishes.

Yours sincerely,
Sunil

Address:
Mr Rakesh Kumar
Ramana, Arrah

Question 2.
Your uncle has sent you a beautiful gift. Write a Letter to your friend describing the gift and your feelings in about 100 words.
Answer:

Station Road
Muzaffarpur
20th Feb 2011

Dear Ranjan,

I celebrated my birthday on Feb. 15. I got lots of presents on that happy occasion. My uncle sent me a beautiful gift. Of all the presents I liked it most It is a Titan watch. Its price is Rs. 1200. I was very happy to receive this gift as I needed a watch badly. Without a watch, I usually got late for my school on several days.
This watch has a beautiful dial. It is fully automatic and runs on a tiny battery. It keeps accurate time. I am proud of it. I am very grateful to my uncle for this nice gift.

Yours sincerely,
Manoj

Address:
Mr Ranjan Kumar
Kadamkuan, Patna – 800 003

Question 3.
In about 100 words, write a letter to your friend describing the match you have witnessed.
Answer:

Station Road,
Gaya
8th March 2011

Dear Ashok,

I was so glad to receive your letter. I want to tell you about the football match that I saw yesterday.
The match was played between our school team and that of Patna High School. It began at 2.30. p.m. A large number of people had gathered to witness the match. At first, the match was boring but gradually, it became interesting when both the teams tried their best to score a goal. After the interval, within five minutes our school team scored a goal. Then the players of the other side tried their best to equalise, but their efforts went in vain and we won the match. The match gave us a good deal of joy.

Yours sincerely,
Arjun Singh

Address:
Nala Road, Patna – 800003

Question 4.
Your younger brother lives in a hostel. You have come to know that he devotes more time to games than to studies. Write a letter advising him to pay due attention to his studies.
Answer:

Kadamkuan, Patna
13 February 2011

My dear Vivek,

You have not written to me for a long time. Prakash came home from Patna yesterday. From him, I came to know about you. It is distressing to know that you are spending most of your time in games and sports thus neglecting your studies.
Your annual examination is not very far off. I shall advise you to prepare hard for your examination. Otherwise, you will get a shock by getting plucked. Always take care of your future and try to be an ideal student.
I hope you will pay due attention to your studies.
I hope to see you soon.

Yours affectionately,
Rajiv

Question 5.
In about 100 words, write a letter to your friend in Delhi, describing your school.
Answer:

Mahendru
Patna – 800006
23rd March 2011

Dear Suresh,

Thank you for your letter. Today I am going to describe my school.
I study in R. M. R. Seminary, Patna. It is one of the oldest schools of Bihar. It has a glorious past. The building of my school is magnificent There are about forty teachers in the school. All of them are qualified and efficient.
There are different teachers for teaching different subjects.
There are more than two thousand students in this school. They are well disciplined.
My school is one of the best schools in Bihar. I am proud of studying at this school.

Yours sincerely,
Sanjeev

Question 6.
In about 100 words, write a letter to your friend congratulating him on his success at the examination.
Answer:

Buxar
26th May, 2011

Dear Prakash,

I am very glad to learn that you secured the first position in the annual Secondary School Examination. My heartiest congratulations on your brilliant success in the examination.
You have achieved a rare distinction. I .was sure you must achieve this distinction. Your regular studies and hard labour has been crowned with success. You have brought glory not only to yourself but to all your friends. I am proud of being your closest friend. Your grand success gives me inspiration. I hope you will achieve similar distinctions in future.
When are you arranging a dinner to celebrate your success?
With best wishes,

Yours sincerely
Shobhit

Question 7.
In about 100 words, write a letter to your father telling him what you wish to do after your Board Examination is over.
Answer:

Fraser Road
Patna – 800001
17th January 2011

My dear Father,

My Board Examination begins on February 14th. It will be over on February 22nd. I have been labouring hard. Those to secure the first division.
After the examination is over 1 shall go to Shimla. It is full of beautiful scenery. I also intend to go on a sight-seeing tour to Kulu and Manali.
I am sure you will not grudge it and will permit me to undertake the journey, I need some money for expenditure on the journey. I will be very kind of you if you send Rs. 900 to me.

Yours affectionately,
Mukesh

Question 8.
Write a letter to your younger brother in about 100 words, advising him to read newspapers daily.
Answer:

Station Road
Ara
24th Feb 2011

Dear Vivek,

I was glad to receive your letter last Monday. But I am sorry to know that you do not read newspapers at all.
You must read the newspapers regularly. You will learn many things of history, geography, language and general knowledge through newspapers. They also tell us what is happening in different parts of the world. They help us to form the opinion on matters of national and international importance. Besides, you are interested in games and sports too. So you see that newspapers have great importance in our lives and for the nation as well. Please do start reading newspapers from today itself.
With blessings,

Your loving brother,
Ravi Ranjan

Question 9.
In about 100 words, write a letter to your father telling him about the visit of a very important person at your school.
Answer:

Patna High School
Patna – 800001
13th March 2011

My dear Father,

I was so glad to receive .your letter last Monday. Education Minister visited our school recently. I want to tell you about his visit.
The Education Minister came to our school on March 7th. He was welcomed by everyone in the school. The Headmaster of our school introduced the teachers to him.
A mass drill by the schoolboys was done. The Education Minister took an interest in the mass drill.
Some boys also presented a variety of entertainment programme. The Education Minister was impressed and he praised us in his speech.

Your affectionate son,
Ashok

Question 10.
Your friend is ill. In about 100 words, write a letter of cheers to him.
Answer:

Nehru Nagar
Gaya
20th March 2011

Dear Ravi Ranjan,

I am very sorry to hear of your illness. I got a letter from Anubhav who has written about your illness.
Perhaps you are feeling lonely. I think your friends are there and they are attending on you.
Don’t lose heart. It is not serious at all. Don’t be sad, cheer up. You will recover in a few days as you are taking medicines regularly. You have to take rest and be particular about your diet as well. Your trouble is sure to end in a few days. 1 hope to hear about your recovery very soon.
With best wishes,

Yours sincerely,
Amitabh

Question 11.
You have just received the progress report of your younger brother who is very weak in English. In about 100 words, write a letter to him, advising him to pay more attention to English.
Answer:

Exhibition Road
Patna – 800001
10th January 2011

My dear Rajendra,

I have just received your letter and your progress report. It is distressing to find that you are awfully weak in English. You must remove your deficiency in English as soon as possible. Self-help is the best help. Instead of engaging a private tutor, you should yourself take steps to come up to the mark in this subject.
You must pay more attention to it from now. Read your textbooks carefully. Think of the probable questions that may be asked. Write their answers and let them be corrected by a competent teacher of English.
With lots of love,

Yours affectionately,
Surendra

Question 12.
An educational tour has been organized by your Headmaster. Write a letter in about 100 words to your father, seeking permission to join the tour and requesting him to send you money for this.
Answer:

Laheriasarai
Darbhanga
5th March 2011

My dear Father,

I received your kind letter yesterday.
The Headmaster of our school has organized an educational tour during the Puja vacation. About twenty-five students of the school will participate in the tour. A senior teacher at my school will accompany the students. They will visit Varanasi, Allahabad, Kanpur, Agra, Fatehpur Sikri, New Delhi and Chandigarh. The student wishing to join the tour will have to deposit Rs. 500.
I want to join the tour because I feel that it will be very pleasant and educative. Please permit me to join the tour and send me a sum of Rs. 800. With best regards,

Yours affectionately,
Amitabh

Question 13.
Write a letter to your friend in about one hundred words describing your daily life.
Answer:

Rajendra Nagar, Patna
12th February 2011

My dear Amit,

I am well and hope you also the same. Ramesh had come to see me. He was telling about you and Bhupesh. I am happy to know that you are – labouring hard these days to get success in the coming examination.
I am also preparing for the examination. Every day I get up at 4 o’clock in the morning. After getting fresh, I start reading. I Jake up my breakfast at’ 6.30. After breakfast again, I start to study. I take my lunch at 9.30 A.M. and get up ready for school. I reach school on time. The school breaks at 4.30 P.M. After coming from school I take some refreshment and go to play Cricket. In the evening 1 start my study at 7 P.M. and read up to 10 P.M.
After taking my meal at 10.30 P.M. I go to bed. Amit, This is my life’s daily routine which I spend daily.
Rest in the next letter. Convey my ‘Pranam’ to Uncle and Aunti and blessings to the youngers.

Yours Sincerely,
Rohit

Address:
C/o Sunil Singh,
Vill. Badiha
P.O. Ranibari,
Dist. Siwan.

Question 14.
In about 100 words write a letter to a friend describing him about a picnic you have enjoyed recently.
Answer:

Gaya
25th Jan 2011

My dear Mohan,

I received your letter. It pleased me much.
Well, I am narrating regarding a picnic which we arranged recently, in this letter. We enjoyed it near Prem Nagar. We started in the morning. The.sun was not yet up. There was pin-drop silence everywhere. We got’ down safely to Prem Nagar. First, we had a bath. We felt hungry. We had some breakfast. But it was a drop in the ocean. Ram cooked rice and chapped. We had a hearty meal. We had darshan of Paramhansjee. We returned in the evening. We reached home before dusk.

Your sincerely,
Ramesh

Question 15.
In about 100 words write a letter to your sister describing her about your experience of life in a hostel.
Answer:

Patna Collegiate School Hostel
Patna – 800004
14th March 2011

Dear Rita,

It’s long since we met. I am having a nice time here.
I find this place quite comfortable. I get my meals at fixed hours. There are two teachers in the hostel. They are very helpful to me. they guide me in my studies.
We have a common-room. We all sit and play indoor games here. There are a number of magazines and newspapers available to us.
In the evening we play volley-ball and hockey under the direct supervision of our P.T. teacher, Every Saturday we have a film show in the hostel compound.
With regards to elders and love to dear children. Awaiting an early reply.

Your affectionate brother,
Satish

Address:
Miss Rita Kumari
C/o Shri.B. K. Sinha
Kalambagh Road, Muzaffarpur

Question 16.
Write a letter to your friend about the serious accident you have met with.
Answer:

Khazanchi Road,
Patna – 4
14th February 2011

Dear Gobind,

I got your letter. I am very sorry because I could not reply to your letter.
I am hospitalised because I met a serious road accident.
About a week ago, I was going to school on my bicycle. A motorcycle collided with me. I lost my balance and fell on the road. I became unconscious for a while. When I came to my sense I found myself in the hospital.
I am Lucky enough; by the grace of God that I suffered a minor head injury with few scratches on the body. Now, I am recovering.
Do not worry about me.

Your loving friend,
With love from Balram

Question 17.
Write a letter to your younger brother advising him to take part in school activities.
Answer:

Examination Hall,
14th February 2011

Dear Ramesh,

Yesterday, I got a letter from, Suresh. He has written that these days you have become a book-worm. Your health is not so good. You do not take care of your health. This is very bad.
You must have heard a popular proverb, All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. So you should lake part of your school activities. To keep good health you should take part in games and sports. For this I advise you
to take part in your school activities I hope you will follow my advice and do accordingly.
With best wishes from

Your elder brother
Dinesh

Question 18.
In about 100 words write a letter to a pen-friend describing him about an important festival in your country.
Answer:

Ara
20th March 2011

My dear John,

The postman handed over your letter today, I read it. I was glad to read it. You want to know about the most important festival in India.
You know India is a religious country. No month of the year is without a festival. But Holi is the most important festival of the Hindus. It is a festival of joy. It is celebrated in spring. People eat, drink and make merry. They beat drums. They sing high sounding songs. They go from house to house. They use colour and abir. They embrace each other. The rich and the poor, the high and the low are mad of joy. This festival makes the victory of good over evil. Thus this festival is the most important festival in our country.
Rest is O.K. Reply soon.

Yours Sincerely,
Shambhu.

Question 19.
Write a letter in about 100 words to your friend describing your aim (ambition) in life.
Answer:

Patna
6th February 2011

Dear Anil,

Thanks for your letter. I am very glad to read it. I am also quite well here.
As once asked by you, I tell you what I ‘want to do in life’. I want to be a good doctor. A good doctor is next to God. I will start an ideal dispensary in my village. I will love my patients as my own sons and daughters. I will help the poor very much. I will be a very popular doctor in Asia.
May God fulfil my desire! With my best regards to your parents and love to the children.
Waiting for your reply.

Your’s sincerely,
Sunil

Question 20.
Write a letter in about 100 words to your friend describing a historical place of India.
Answer:

Rajgir
14th February 2011

Dear Mohan,

I am well with all the members of my family. He describes a historical place of India.
Agra is the best historical place in India is on seeing’. Here we can see the Agra Fort and the Tajmahal The ramjet; is one of the seven wonders of the world.
People from far and wide daily come to seeing Its beauty is beyond description. The Agra Fort is too beyond description. It is not less than the Tajmahal.
With my best regards and love.

Your’s sincere friend
Shashi

Question 21.
Write a letter to your younger brother advising him to give up bad company.
Answer:

Sasaram
14th February 2011

Dear Anil,

I am shocked to know that you have fallen into a bad company. This will spoil your career. Man is known by the company he keeps. You are addicted to gambling and smoking. This is certainly a very bad habit. In the company of such boys, you cannot devote much time to your studies.
Please avoid such a company and do your duties as a good student. My good wishes to you. My best regards to parents and love to the children.
Awaiting your reply.

Your loving brother,
Ramnaresh

Question 22.
Your friend’s father has expired. Write a letter of consolation to him.
Answer:

Gaya
4th July 2011

Dear Mukesh,

I am very sorry to get your letter. All the members of the family are shocked to know your father’s death.
Though old, yet he was a very healthy and useful member of the family. You need not worry now. You have to tun the family very peacefully and patiently. You have to serve your mother. You have to solace her.
My mother and I are coming to your house very soon. Your father was a holy man. His permanent abode is heaven.
May God grant you and your mother perfect consolation.

Your’s sincerely,
Harendra

Question 23.
Write a letter to your guardian seeking his permission to live in the school hostel.
Answer:

Dehri
5th February 2011

Respected Uncle,

I got your letter. I became very glad to read it. I am also quite well here.
I am putting on well with my studies.
I have a mind to live in the school hostel. It is the abode of peace. We live a social life here. Here every student has to live in perfect discipline. Here are a good time and space for learning. Some teacher at my school also lives here. They must help me in my studies.
So I want to know your concern.
Waiting for your reply.

Your’s loving nephew,
Amjad Ali

Question 24.
Write a letter to your friend inviting him to spend the Summer Vacation with you. (100 words)
Answer:

Patna
6th March 2011

Dear Vikash,

I am very much anxious to know your welfare, as for the last few months I haven’t received any letter from you. I think you might be doing well with your studies and members of your family might also be enjoying good health and spirit as well.
It is my hearty desire to spend the Summer Vacation with you. I shall be much pleased if you will agree to my proposal and come to enjoy the holidays together, fulfilling my long-cherished desire.
Convey my best regards to your parents and elders and love to dear children.
Awaiting your loving reply.

Yours affectionately,
Ankit

Question 25.
Write a letter to your father about the school subjects which interest you the most in 100 words.
Answer:

Patna
7th July 2011

My dear father,

I have received your letter today, I am quite well here. Nowadays I was busy with my studies. I want to stand first in class. It will be helpful in my mission in college.
You have asked in your letter about the school subject I like most. Economics is my favourite subject. In this subject, I learn much about the economical condition of our country and a detailed study to develop our agriculture and industries. There ate so many important topics like export, import, international trade etc. I can serve my country with the help of this subject. I want to pass my M.A. Examination in economics and PhD too. I think my selection of favourite school subject will please you.
Please convey my best respects to mother and other elders and love to dear children.
Awaiting your affectionate reply.

Your obedient son,
Rakesh

Question 26.
Write a letter to your friend telling him to return the book he has borrowed from you. (100 words)
Answer:

Katihar
8th March 2011

My dear Suman,

I have not received any letter from you for a pretty long time. I am anxious to know your welfare. How are you spending your time nowadays? I am doing well with my studies for the preparation of the matriculation examination.
Well, I am reminding you about a book you have taken from me to study it. You had told me to return it after some time. Since more than one year has passed and now I require it for myself. The book is Bharat Ka Samvidhan (Constitution of India). I shall be glad if you will very kindly return the book immediately as I need it now.
Rest is all well. Convey my best respects to your parents, other elders as well and love to dear children.
Awaiting a prompt reply.

Yours truly,
Somesh

Question 27.
Write a letter to your friend in England telling him some important things of your country.
Answer:

Examination Hall,
14th February 2011

My dear Robert,

I received your letter yesterday. Many thanks for your letter. You want to know about some important things about my country.
Dear friend, our country has many important things. It is a country with a number of places of historical, importance. It has seen the rise and fall of a number of empires. Here are historical cities like Delhi, Agra, Lucknow, Rajgir, Nalanda and others. They abound in historical monuments. Every stone of Delhi has a tale to tell. The Red Fort and the Qutub Minar of Delhi, the Taj and the fort of Agra are matchless monuments. The gardens of Lucknow are peerless. The valley of Kashmir is heaven upon earth. In short, our country js indeed a land full of beauty and mystery.
I hope you will now plan to visit this land of historical importance.
With best wishes, I am,

Your’s Sincerely,
Ajay Kr.

Question 28.
You have to cover a long distance going and coming from school. Write a letter to your father (mother) to send you some money to purchase a bicycle.
Answer:

Muzaffarpur
10th March 2011

Respected Father,

I am very glad to receive your letter. You have advised me to work hard. But I have some difficulty. My school is four miles from home. I go to school on foot. It takes much of my time. I get tired of reaching school. Sometimes I am late. I am fined for that.
So, I want to purchase a, bicycle. It will cost one thousand rupees. It will help me. It will solve my many difficulties.
Therefore, I request you to send me Rs. 1500/- for a bicycle.
Rest is O.K. Please convey my best regards to mother and good wishes to youngers.

Your Obedient Son,
Ramesh

Question 29.
Write a letter to your father requesting him to send you some money to buy books.
Answer:

Begusarai
16th March 2011

Respected Father,

I got your kind letter. I am very glad to go through it.
Father, my classes are going on. I have to buy some books. So I need some money. Please send me Rs. 700/- as soon as possible. Please convey my love to mother. Ask her to write more and more letters.

Your’s Loving son,
Rajeev

Question 30.
Write a letter to your friend describing a religious place of India.
Answer:

Purnia,
26-1-2011

Dear Anita,

My joy knew no bounds to get your letter. I am also quite well here.
Here are a number of temples. They are grand and attractive. The temple of Bishwanath jee is famous all over India. The Hindus want to die here. A number of the dead bodies of the Hindus are burnt here. It is a thickly populated town. It is worth visiting. Here are a number of old monuments.
With love.

Yours ever,
Poonam.

Question 31.
Write a letter to your friend telling him how you have celebrated the Golden Jubilee of Independence Day in your School.
Answer:

Patna
10th February 2011

My dear Suresh,

I got your letter and became very glad to read it. I am also quite well here.
I am very happy to inform you that the Golden Jubilee of Independence Day was celebrated recently in my school.
The Education Minister of Bihar was the chief guest of the function. Our school was decorated with colourful lights. Our Headmaster presided over the meeting of the function. All the students were engaged in preparation. A band party was also managed; We celebrated the Golden Jubilee Of the Independence Day very successfully.
Rest is O.K.

Your friend,
Ramesh

Question 32.
Write a letter to your friend telling him about your preparation for the S.S. Examination Annual.
Answer:

Nalanda,
20th Match, 2011

Dear Dilip,

Your letter is just to hand. 1 am also putting on well with my health and studies.
My Board Exam is just in hand. I am preparing hard for it. It is very near completion. I am sure that I must secure high marks in all papers.
I am not so satisfied with Math. I am labouring hard for it also.
May God fulfil my desire with love.
Waiting for reply.

Your’s sincere friend,
Parwez

Question 33.
Write a letter to your father asking him for five-thousand rupees to buy a T.V. set.
Answer:

Bhagalpur
25th February 2011

Respected father,

I got your letter. I am very glad to read it.
We want to have a T.V. set in our house. It is very useful to develop our knowledge. Now it is a very necessary thing for a good family.
It will cost about five thousand rupees. Kindly send the amount. So that we may be able to buy it. My best regards to you and my good wishes to the youngers.
Waiting for your reply.

Your’s loving son,
Lakhan Lai

Question 34.
Write a letter to your friend describing two important towns in your country.
Answer:

Muzaffarpur,
25th January 2011

Dear David,

You are in America and I am in India. It is a long distance. Yet we know each other very well through our correspondence. Today I am going to tell you about two important places in India. Such one is Agra. The second is in Delhi.
Agra is one of the oldest towns of India. It is standing on the bank of the Jamuna. Here we can see the Tajmahal and the Agra fort.
Delhi is the capital of India. Here we can see many things. The Red Fort, Qutub Minar, the Royal Mosque and the Parliament house are main. When you come to India, I will take you to all these places.
With my best regard and, love.

Your sincere friend,
Dinesh

Question 35.
Write a letter to your friend inviting him to attend the marriage ceremony of your sister, (or elder brother)
Answer:

Buxar
12th March 2011

Dear Mukesh,

I got your letter, became very glad to read it. I’m also quite well here. The marriage ceremony of my elder sister is going to be held on the 25th of the current month.
The preparation is going on. Your presence here is badly needed. You must have some problems. Please don’t wait for my invitation card. Reach my home with mother and others as early as possible. You and I shall go together to make some necessary purchases. With my best regards and love.
Awaiting your arrival very soon.

Your friend,
Kuldeep

Question 36.
Write a letter to your younger brother advising him to take part in games and sports.
Answer:

Dev-Ashram’ Mahendru, Patna
The 24th Jan 2011

Dear Anil,

I am glad to receive your letter just now. But at the same time, I feel sorry to learn through your letter that you are spending all of your time in your studies. You have become book-worm.
It is really not good. You should at least take part in sports and games for some time during the morning or evening, whichever suits you most. I know that there is good arrangements for games and sports in your school.
Thus participating in these activities will improve your health. It will also increase your intelligence and keen insight and will be rather helpful in preparing your courses of studies. I think you would follow my sincere advice.
Reply soon, with blessings.

Your loving brother,
Anup

Application

Question 37.
Write an application to your Headmaster requesting him to grant you four day’s leave to attend a marriage party.
Or
Write an application to your Headmaster requesting him to grant you leave to attend the marriage function of your sister.
Answer:

Patna
March 10, 2011

To,
The Headmaster,
R.M.R. Seminary,
Patna

Sir,

Most respectfully I beg to request you that the marriage ceremony of my elder sister will be solemnized on 26th March 2007. My presence on the occasion is highly essential, relating to necessary arrangements during the marriage.
I, therefore, request you to be kind enough to grant four days leave with effect from 24th March 2007. For this act of your kindness, I shall ever remain grateful.

Your most obedient pupil,
Dinesh

Question 38.
Write an application to your Headmaster to grant you “Full- Free-Studentship.”
Or
Write an application to the Principal of your school asking him to grant you fee-concession.
Answer:

Patna
18th March 2011

To,
The Headmaster,
T. K. Ghosh’s Academy
Patna.

Respected Sir,

Most humbly I beg to request the following for your kind consider¬ation and sympathetic action over my present financial condition. My father is working in a private concern receives a very poor salary. He has to look after the family consisting of my mother, three sons and two daughters with this meagre amount (income). As such to continue my studies is not possible in the present situation. I am a good student of the school and stand second in the class.
I, therefore, request your good self to kindly grant me full “Free-studentship”, so that I may continue my studies in future. I shall ever remain grateful for your favourable consideration in the matter.

Yours obediently,
Mohan

Question 39.
Write an application to the Headmaster for issuing “Character Certificate”.
Answer:

To,
The headmaster,
Zila School, Gaya

Sir,

Respectfully I beg to submit the following for your necessary action over my problem. I am seeking admission in Gaya College and I have submitted my application form for the purpose there. I have to Lodge the character certificate at the time of admission.
I, therefore request your honour to issue my character certificate at the earliest, so that I may be able to fulfil the requirement of the college. In case the same is not submitted, my admission in the college will not be possible.
I shall be highly obliged if you will kindly favour me with my character certificate.

Yours obediently,
Rakesh

15th Jan, 2011.

Question 40.
Write an application to the headmaster to issue a transfer certificate. [2003 A, 2003 (S)]
Answer:

To,
The Headmaster,
Sri Ganesh High School,
Bakhtiyarpur,
Patna

Sub: Request for the transfer certificate

Sir,

Most humbly and respectful I beg to state that I am a student of class IX. My father was working in the local branch of a bank. He has been transferred to Kolkata. I am also going with my family. So, I need a transfer certificate.
Kindly issue me the transfer certificate so that I may continue my studies in a school at Kolkata. For this act of kindness, I shall remain grateful to you.

Yours obediently,
Ravi Kumar

6th March 2010

Question 41.
Write an application to the Headmaster or to the Principal of your school requesting him for some help from the Poor Boy’s Fund of the School.
Answer:

To,
The Headmaster,
Patna High School,
Patna

Through: The class teacher
Sub: For some help from the Poor Bov’s Fund of the School.

Sir,

I beg to state that I am a student of the class, X, Sec. B. I stand first in my class. My father is a teacher in a lower school. He has to maintain a big family. I need some necessary books. I cannot buy them for want of money. So I want help from P. B. Fund of the school.

Your most obedient pupil,
Ram Bilash Prasad
Class X

20th March 2011

Question 42.
Write an application to the Headmaster for ten days leave.
Or
Write an application to the headmaster requesting him to grant you leave for ten days as you are suffering from typhoid.
Answer:

The Headmaster,
Patna Collegiate School
Patna.

Sir,

As I have been suffering from typhoid since last Monday. I can’t attend school for ten days more. I feel much weakness.
The doctor advised me to complete rest for ten days at least. I badly feel headache too. I have to take medicines every hour.
I, therefore, request you kindly to grant me ten days leave from today the 15th of Jan, 2011.

Yours most obedient,
Ravi,
Class – X, C

15th Jan, 2011.

Question 43.
Write an application to your Mukhiya for an approach road to your village in 100 words.
Answer:

To,
The Mukhiya,

Sub: An approach road in our village

Sir,

Most humbly and respectfully I want to draw your kind attention on behalf of the resident of my village, towards the pitiable condition of our approach road connecting it from the main road at present. Practically there is no approach road at all.
The aforesaid road really has turned into the most undeveloped stage, and quite unfit for communication. In the rainy season, it becomes muddy with many a pits therein. The administration is not taking care of the problem in spite of our repeated reminders.
I, therefore request you to take necessary action in the matter and I am confident to get your favour so that the poor villagers will get relief. With regards.

Yours faithfully,
Rajesh Ranjan.

10th Feb, 2011.

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Bihar Board Class 9 English Grammar Subject-Verb Concord

Select a suitable verb and fill in the blanks.

Question 1.

1. All the pictures in this book ________ in black and white. (is, are)
2. The sum of these numbers ________ to one hundred. (come, comes, are coming)
3. The goalkeeper and captain of our team ________ absent. (was, were, is, are)
4. The ways of Nature ________ Strange. (is, are)

Answer:

1. are
2. comes
3. was
4. is

Choose the correct verbs and fill in the blanks.

Question 2.

1. Yesterday he ________ home. (will going, went)
2. Either he or I ________ to school. (was going, is going, are going, am going)
3. Two and two ________ four. (was, were, are, is)
4. I ________ since morning tomorrow. (have been playing, will be playing, had been playing, shall have been playing)

Answer:

1. went
2. am going
3. is
4. shall have been playing

Fill in the blanks with suitable verbs given in the bracket.

Question 3.

1. The United States ________ a rich country. (is, are)
2. Either you or he ________ done the work. (have, has)
3. Eight miles ________ not a long distance. (is, are)
4. ________ with you, I would do it. (was, were)
5. The news ________ alarming. (are, is)

Answer:

1. is
2. has
3. is
4. were
5. is

Question 4.

1. The jury ________ divided in their opinions. (was, were)
2. Either he or ________ mistaken. (is, am)
3. The magistrate and collector ________ there. (was, were)
4. Ram with all his friends ________ coming today. (are, is)
5. You and I ________ friends. (am, are)
6. Truth and honesty ________ the best policy. (is, are)
7. The old man with his three sons ________ going to attend the party. (is, are)

Answer:

1. were
2. am
3. was
4. is
5. are
6. is
7. is

Question 5.

1. The price of mangoes ________ gone up. (has, have)
2. Bread and butter ________ my usual breakfast. (is, are)
3. Fifty kilometres ________ not long distance. (is, are)
4. One of my friends ________ a new car. (have, has)
5. Rani or Mohan ________ reading. (is, are)

Answer:

1. was
2. is
3. is
4. has
5. is

Question 6.

1. No news ________ good. (is, are)
2. The price of mangocs ________ gone up. (has, have)
3. Each of the boys ________ intelligent. (is, are)
4. Where ________ you going? (are, is)
5. Where ________ you go? (do, did)
6. Either he or ________ mistaken. (am, is)
7. Either you or he ________ broken this cup. (has, have)
8. The number of students in this school ________ very large. (is, are)
9. I wish I ________ a rich man. (was, were)
10. Each of the boys ________ finished his work. (have, has)

Answer:

1. is
2. has
3. is
4. are
5. did
6. am
7. has
8. is
9. were
10. has

Question 7.

1. The cattle ________ seen on the road. (is, are)
2. Neither of them ________ come. (has, have)
3. He wishes he ________ a rich man. (was, were)
4. The people of this village ________ hard working. (is, are)
5. Each of the players ________ got a medal. (has, have)

Answer:

1. are
2. has
3. were
4. are
5. has

Question 8.

1. Each boy and each girl ________ a separate room. (has, have)
2. He as well as Moti ________ tired of work. (is, are)
3. Either Mohan or I ________ mistaken. (am, are)
4. We have two pens which ________ new. (is, are)
5. The news he gave ________ true. (is, are)

Answer:

1. has
2. is
3. am
4. are
5. is

Question 9.

1. He and I ________ friends. (am, are)
2. One hundred rupees ________ a big sum. (is, are)
3. The voice of the singers ________ Sweet. (is, are)
4. Neither Tom nor Jack ________ a book. (has, have).
5. Physics ________ a very good subject. (was, were)
6. Rice and curry ________ his favourite dish. (is, were)
7. You he and I ________ friends. (were, was)
8. The rich ________ happy. (was, were)
9. I wish I ________ a great man. (was, were)
10. Slow and steady ________ the race. (win, wins)
11. The poet and, singer ________ dead. (is, are)

Answer:

1. are
2. is
3. is
4. has
5. was
6. is
7. were
8. were
9. were
10. wins
11. is

Question 10.

1. Each of them ________ rewarded. (was, were)
2. Politics ________ a dirty game. (are, is)
3. Every boy ________ a new book. (has, have)
4. When ________ you leave for Delhi. (do, does)
5. Two and two ________ sour. (is, are)
6. Mathematics ________ a very good subject. (is, are)
7. Which one of three books ________ yours? (is, are)
8. Either of these methods ________ good. (is, are)
9. The quality of the apples ________ good. (is, are)
10. The number of boys in this class ________ fifty. (are, is)
11. Each door and each window ________ shut. (was, were)

Answer:

1. was
2. is
3. has
4. do
5. is
6. is
7. is
8. is
9. is
10. is
11. was

Question 11.

1. Ten miles ________ a long distance. (is, has, as)
2. Time and tide ________ for none. (wait, waits, waits)
3. The secretary and the Headmaster ________ present. (am, is, are)

Answer:

1. is
2. waits
3. are

Question 12.

1. Ten miles ________ a long distance. (is, his, are)
2. Time and tide ________ for none. (wait, waited, waits)
3. Bread and butter ________ dear now. (are, were, is)
4. Two and two ________ four. (make, arc, makes)

Answer:

1. is
2. wait
3. is
4. makes

Question 13.

1. The Secretary and the Headmaster ________ present. (am, is, are)
2. ________ working here for ten years. (is, am, have been)
3. Either he or I ________ done it. (has, have, was)
4. No news ________ to he good news. (were, are, seems)

Answer:

1. are
2. have been
3. have
4. seems

Question 14.

1. He as well as I ________ guilty. (is, am, are)
2. Either you or your brother ________ done this mistake. (have, has, are)
3. lt ________ raining for two hours. (have been, has been)

Answer:

1. is
2. has
3. has been

Question 15.

1. The price of mangoes ________ gone high. (have, has, is)
2. The poet and scholar ________ dead. (is, are, am)
3. He as well as I ________ going. (is, am, are)

Answer:

1. has
2. is
3. is

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Get Updated Bihar Board Class 9th English Book Solutions in PDF Format and download them free of cost. Bihar Board Class 9 English Book Solutions Unseen Passage for Comprehension Literary Questions and Answers provided are as per the latest exam pattern and syllabus. Access the topics of Panorama English Book Class 9 Solutions Unseen Passage for Comprehension Literary through the direct links available depending on the need. Clear all your queries on the Class 9 English Subject by using the Bihar Board Solutions for Unseen Passage for Comprehension Literary existing.

Bihar Board Class 9 English Unseen Passage for Comprehension Literary

Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow:

Passage 1

The elephant is the only animal with a trunk. It uses its trunk in many ways. It pulls leaves of trees with its trunk and then puts them into its mouth. It can even use its trunk to get water. The trunk can hold a lot of water as an elephant needs to drink more than three pints of water every day. When an elephant is angry its trunk can be dangerous. The tusks of an elephant are really its front teeth. People pay a lot of money for the ivory of an elephant’s tusks. In Africa, men have hunted elephants for their tusks. The ivory from tusks is made into many beautiful things. It has been easy for men to train an elephant in Asia. They use an elephant to carry heavy things for long-distance.

Questions:

1. Why do some people kill elephants? (2)
2. How does the elephant use its trunk? (2)
3. What is the commercial use of the elephant’s tusks? (2)
4. Find out the word in the passage which is opposite of ‘safe’? (2)

Answers:

1. Some people kill the elephants for their tusks.
2. The elephant pulls leaves of trees with its trunk. Then it puts the leaves in its mouth. It also uses its trunk for drinking water.
3. The elephant’s ivory is used for making many beautiful things.
4. ‘dangerous’.

Passage 2

I was seven years old. I had lived at the same place for all of my life, but we were moving. We were moving from the farm with all of its animals, with its memories of searching for chickens eggs, and with the black and white cows that had to be milked each day. We were going from the place of scrub pines, of pastures, of irrigations ditches to an unknown, unknowable place, far away. We had worked hard to get ready. Finally, dad piled all of us into the car. As we began to drive away, I looked out of the rear window of the car. As I looked back, I saw my dog and my cats. I could not see my horse. I asked my father what would happen to these pets. All that dad could tell me was that they had to remain there, that they could not come with us. There was no explanation—merely the declaration that we must go, I was bitterly disappointed, so disappointed that this memory is still seared into me, forty-three years later. Why could my father not change this? I could not understand then, but I do now. But I still do not understand why he has no explanation.

Questions:

1. What chores did the young child have to perform at the farm? (1)
2. What was his regret about moving away from the farm? (1)
3. What explanation did he seek from his dad? (2)
4. Why did the child find his father’s reply unsatisfactory? (2)
5. What were the child’s feeling as he left the farm? Why? (2)

Answers:

1. The young child had to gather eggs, and milk the cows at the farm.
2. His regret was that he would miss his pets, his cats, dog, and horse.
3. He sought an explanation from his dad as what would happen to his pets.
4. He did not offer any explanation. His father declared that the pets had to remain at the farm.
5. The child was disappointed. His father could not change the situation.

Passage 3

Noise is a sound that is unpleasant to the ears. However, a noise unpleasant to one person may be pleasant to another. In scientific terms, noise is made by an irregular pattern of sound waves. There are a number of things which make our world unpleasantly or even dangerously noisy, such as jet aircraft taking off, road drills, heavy traffic or loudspeakers. The sound waves bang into structures and cause them to vibrate giving rise to noise. In the process, they get damaged. In younger people, deafness can be caused by too loud a noise or from prolonged exposure to loud noise as produced by too much amplification in a discotheque or by machines in a factory. The noise depends on the energy the sound waves carry. Decibel Scale is used to measure the loudness of the sound. [JAC Sample Paper 2010]

Questions:

1. How would you define noise scientifically? (2)
2. Name the things which cause noise pollution. (2)
3. How is the noise produced? (2)
4. How is noise harmful to the younger people? (1)
5. How can we measure the loudness of the sound? (1)

Answers:

1. The scientific definition of noise is that it is made by an irregular pattern of sound waves.
2. The following things cause noise pollution.
   • Jet aircraft
   • Road drills
   • Heavy traffic
   • Loudspeakers.
3. Noise is produced whenever the sound waves bang in structures and cause them to vibrate.
4. The noise is harmful to younger people because they become deaf.
5. We can measure the loudness of the sound by using the decibel scale.

Passage 4

I want to speak my mind on cats and dogs, both these species have been with the human for ages as pets. I don’t know, how people tolerate cats. It is so haughty and superior that it makes you feel inferior and its only intention is to have a nice time at your expense without even doing you a good turn. And if you think all the mice it makes its food were part of its desire to repay the favour to you, forget it. A cat never does anything at your bidding. It catches mice because it wants to, not because you wanted it to do that. A cat is also an expert thief and takes delight in spoiling everything in your home. No matter how much you feed it, the kitchen gets regularly spoiled and no matter how much you love it, precious china and glass would continue to be upset. And if catch it during its secret thus necessitating its retreat, you won’t find it repent. In fact, it removes itself to a safe distance and hard show of disapproval is its eyes it looks at you as if you are the worst nuisance that it has come across. It might also scratch you, tear your beautiful curtains or worse still, empty bowels in your kitchen and dining hall and you thought it should be grateful for all the delicacies you had put before it? Well, my friend gratitude is one thing that a cat is not known for.

Questions:

1. How for ages have cats and dogs been kept? (2)
2. Why do cats not give us any benefit? (1)
3. How do cats look if one finds them causing loss? (1)
4. How are cats a great source of loss? (2)
5. How are cats thankless animals? (2)

Answers:

1. They have been kept as pets.
2. They do not give us any benefit, as they never do any good turn to us.
3. One finds them non-repentant.
4. They are a great source of loss because they delight in spoiling everything in one’s home.
5. They are thankless because they do not know what gratitude is.

Passage 5

There is one slight difference between education as understood by the Greeks and the popular idea of education in our own day. To the “Greeks education was primarily training of faculties that should fit man for the exercise of thought and duties of citizenship. The modern world looks rather to the acquisition of some skill or knowledge that is needed for a career: it thinks more of the product than of the process, acquaintance with facts counts more with the modems while mental completeness and grasp were valued by the Greeks above everything else. But mental completeness did not mean to the Greek intellectual discipline; it meant also a discipline and moulding of character, training in a public spirit, a suppression of the individual. It is on the one hand mental illumination. But it also means refinement and delicacy of feeling. Our nearest expression of this generous and many-sided training is the word ‘culture’. Culture, however, jo many minds suggests a kind of polish, a superficial refinement: it is thought of as the privilege of the’ favoured few. The man of learning of modem times is too apt to remain in seclusion: he seems to be shut up within a charmed circle, and the impression not infrequently left on outsiders by the life of learned isolation is conveyed in the remark of a French writer, that’ every man of learning more or less is a corpse.’

Questions:

1. What did the Greeks understand by education?
2. What is the idea of education in modern times?
3. What does the French writer mean by the remark ‘every man of learning is more or less a corpse’?
4. Which one word sums up the Greeks’ idea of education?
5. Use ‘acquisition’and ‘illumination’ in your sentences.

Answers:

1. The Greeks thought that the primary aim of education was to train a person’s faculties so that he could think and perform his duties as a citizen.
2. The idea of education, in modem times, is that it consists of acquiring some skill or knowledge for a career.
3. It means that a man of learning remains in complete isolation. He is of no use to society.
4. The word ‘culture’ sums up the Greeks’ idea of education.
5. (i) The roads have contracted due to the illegal acquisition of footpaths.
   (ii) The city was brightening with illumination by firecrackers.

Passage 6

The joint family system has undergone a drastic change in India. There is a number of factors which are leading to its disintegration. Opportunities for employment outside agriculture and especially in the urban areas are increasing; as a result of which the young men of rural areas ‘ have been shifting to those places. Many young persons in the urban areas are also moving out of the parent’s places to seek opening in other parts of the country or even outside of India. The property disputes and sour relation between the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law have forced many persons to opt for independent living. As a result of the disintegration of joint families, the aged have lost the traditional source of economic and social support which was easily available to them in joint families.

Questions:

1. What change do we see in the joint family system in India?
2. Why are the young men from the villages shifting to towns or cities?
3. What type of disputes are common in joint families?
4. What loss have they (the aged) suffered?
5. Pick out from the passage the word similar in meaning to “extreme”?

Answers:

1. The joint family system in India has changed. It has disintegrated now.
2. They are shifting to towns or cities because outside the villages employment opportunities are available.
3. These disputes are of property, of sour relation between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law.
4. The aged have lost the traditional source of economic and social support.
5. “drastic”.

Passage 7

One evening after work searching in the mailbox for messages, letters from nowhere, my fingers touched dry leaves, twigs and eggs. A bird had found it a suitable place for nesting. It had nested right inside my mailbox. Angry, I cleared it all except for the eggs. Later in the evening storm started soon and it had me out hastily gathering clothes left drying. In the ground, I saw many birds. But I found hopping in a foolish hurry, was a main. She was balancing in its yellow beak twigs and thin sticks. She was heading for my mailbox, trying hard to rebuild a cosy nest which I had destroyed. My vision became dim in the heavy showers. The message I had missed I read quite clearly in the strange nest. It was hidden in the wooden box. It left no room to nest except in wooden post boxes which were fixed to concrete walls. I was convinced that birds nest at places which they find safe from weather, from men and from other enemies of their natural instinct.

Questions:

1. When did the author’s fingers touch the dry leaves?
2. What made the author angry?
3. What did he do?
4. Where did the bird build nests?
5. Find out the suitable word of twigs’.

Answers:

1. His fingers touched them when he searched in the mailbox for the letter.
2. A minah’s making her nest inside the mailbox made him angry.
3. He destroyed the nest.
4. They build nests where they are safe from weather, men and other enemies like animal and others.’
5. ‘little branches’.

Passage 8

Mass copying in the examination has reduced education to a joke. The lengthy courses of study and the system of annual examinations are the root causes of it. How is it possible for any human being to express honestly within three hours all that he has learnt in full one year? Naturally, students are forced to cram certain things and copy others from some source in the examination hall. Examinations, more or less in the form of class tests at the end of a quarter should be held. The result of a student should be determined by his performance round the year. The class teacher should be entrusted with a difficult task. He will have to rise above petty worldly considerations and must be brave and impartial, His role in these connections is very significant.

Questions:

1. Why has education become a joke?
2. Why are students forced to cram and copy?
3. How should a student’s performance be determined?
4. What qualities are required of an examiner?
5. Is it possible to express honestly within three hours?

Answers:

1. Education has become a joke due to mass copying by the examinees.
2. Students are forced to cram and copy because the Syllabi are lengthy. They can’t express honestly within three hours what they have learnt in a year.
3. A student’s performance should be determined around the year.
4. He should rise above petty worldly considerations. Also, he must be brave and impartial.
5. It is not at all possible to express within three hours what a student has learnt throughout a year.

Passage 9

Several times in the history of the world particular countries and cities, or even small groups of people, have attained a high degree of civilization. Yet none of these civilizations, important as they were, have lasted; and one of the reasons why they did not last was that they were confined to a very few people. They were like little oases of civilization in a desert of barbarism. Now it is no good being civilized if everybody round about you is barbarous, or rather, it is some good, but it is very risky. For the barbarians are always liable to break in on you, and with their greater numbers and rude vigour scatter your civilization to the winds. Over and over again in history comparatively civilized peoples living in cities have bgqmwon in this way by barbarians coming down from the hills and burning and killing and destroying whatever they found in the plains. In the thirteenth century, most of Europe was overrun in this way by the Mongols from Central Asia, and such civilization as then existed was nearly destroyed, thus any people which has advanced in civilization too far beyond its neighbours have always been liable to be set upon and pulled back by the others, just as if you build a high tower with proper supports, it is always liable to fall down to the level of the lower building round about it.

Questions:

1. Why could advanced civilizations not last for long?
2. Why is being civilized very risky?
3. Who destroyed civilization in most of Europe in the thirteenth century?
4. Who are liable to be set upon and pulled back by the others?
5. Which example does the author give about the people who advance in civilization more than their neighbours?

Answers:

1. Advanced civilizations could not last for long because they were limited to very few people.
2. Being civilized is very risky. It is because civilized societies are likely to be attacked and destroyed by the no civilized near them.
3. The Mongols from Central Asia destroyed civilization in most of Europe.
4. Those who have advanced in civilization beyond their neighbour are liable to be set upon and-pulled back by others.
5. He gives the example of the tower without supports.

Passage 10

1. Gandhiji was of ripe age, but he was still full of vitality and his capacity for work was great. The end came suddenly by the hand of an assassin India was shocked and the world grieved, and to those of us who were more closely connected with him, the shock and sorrow were hard to bear. And yet. perhaps, it was a fitting close to a magnificent career and in his death, as in his life, he served the cause to which he had devoted himself. None of us would have liked to see him gradually fade in body and mind with increasing years. And so he died, as he had lived, a bright star of hope and achievement, the Father of the Nation which had been shaped and trained him for half a century.

2. To those who had a chance of being associated with him in some of his many activities, he will ever remain the symbol of youthful energy. We shall not think of him as an old man, but rather as one who represented with the vitality of spring the birth of a new India. To a younger genera¬tion who did not come in personal contact with him, he is a tradition, and numerous stories are woven round his name and activities. He was great in his life, he is greater since he passed away.

Questions:

1. Based on your reading of the above passage, complete the following statements with appropriate words and phrases. Write the an¬swers in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. (2 marks)
   (a) Gandhiji in his life and death was…
   (b) Gandhiji represented…
2. Answer these questions with appropriate words and phrases. Writes the answers in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. (6 marks)
   (a) To whom were the shock and sorrow hard to bear?
   (b) Why was Gandhiji never considered an old man?
   (c) How did Gandhiji serve his cause even in his death?

Answers:

1. (a) a bright star of hope and achievement.
   (b) the birth of a new India like a spring.
2. (a) The shock and sorrow were hard to bear for those people who were closely associated with him.
   (b) Gandhiji was never considered an old man because he was always full of energy. His capacity for work was great.
   (c) He served his cause even in his death because he died as a bright star of hope and achievement.

Passage 11

Mankind has undoubtedly progressed since medieval times.’ The earliest men lived like brutes. Individuals fought among themselves and the strong destroyed the weak, for that is the law of the jungle, the law of irrational life. But the man was not an animal. He possessed rational faculties. These faculties gradually developed and appeared in his actions, and the man gave up the law of the jungle and made his own rational laws. Men saw that the law of physical strength was not applicable to their lives. They realized that they had souls and the strength of being with a soul can consist in a variety pf capabilities other than the power to cut and kill, tear and bite. For instance, a man can be strong in fashioning tools, or in controlling the actions of other rational beings by the power of song or speech. Thus men realized that they should not be fighting among themselves. But they should be working together and giving one another opportunities to develop their respective strengths. This was the first step in man’s progress. By these means, men gained such control over the forces of nature. They made each other so much wiser and more comfortable than they were convinced that they were the best creation of God. (211 words)

Questions:

1. What do you mean by the law of the jungle?
2. How was man different from animals?
3. How could man gain control over the forces of nature?
4. What did the man realize when his rational faculties were fully developed?
5. What was the first step in man’s progress?

Answers:

1. The law of the jungle is the use of physical strength for fighting. It is also the use of this strength for destroying the weak.
2. The man was different from animals because he had rational faculties. He was also blessed with a soul.
3. The man could get control over the forces of nature by co-operating, with others.
4. The man realised the value of working in cooperation with other fellow-beings.
5. Working together and giving one another opportunities to developing their respective strengths was the first step.

Passage 12

1. The old lady was glad to be back at the block of flats where she lived. Her shopping had tired her and her basket had grown heavier with every step of the way home. In the lift her thoughts were on lunch and a good rest; but when she got out at her own floor, both were forgotten in her sudden discovery that her front door was open. She was thinking that she must rebuke her daily maid the next morning for such great negligence when she remembered that she had gone shopping after her maid had left and she had turned both the keys in their locks. She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open, yet following the regular practice she had shut them before going out. Looking into the drawing-room, she saw a scene of confusion over by here writing desk.

2. It was as clear as daylight then that burglars had forced entry in her absence. Her first impulse was to go round all the rooms looking for the thieves, but then she decided that at her age it might be more prudent to have someone with her, so she went to fetch the porter from the basement. By this time her legs were beginning to tremble, so she sat down and accepted a cup of very strong tea, while she telephoned to the police. Then her composure regained, she was ready to set off with the porter’s assistance to search for any intruders who might be still lurking in her flat.

Questions:

1. The problem that shopping caused to the old lady was…
2. When she reached home she found that…..
3. she thought to rebuke the maid the next morning for…..
4. When she found that her flat had been burgled, she thought…
5. When her legs started trembling, she…

Answers:

1. The problems that shopping caused to the old lady was that it had tired her and her basket had grown heavier with every step of the way home.
2. When she reached home she found that her front door was open.
3. she thought to rebuke the maid the next morning for such great negligence.
4. When she found that her flat had been burgled, she thought that burglars had forced entry in her absence.
5. When her legs started trembling, she sat down and accepted a cup of very strong tea.

Passage 13

1. My grandmother and I were good friends. My parents left me with her when they went to live in the city and we were constantly together. She used to wake me up in the morning and get me ready for school. She said her morning prayers in a monotonous singsong while she bathed and dressed me in the hope that I would listen and get to know it by heart. Then she would fetch my wooden slate which she had already, washed and plastered with the yellow chalk, a tiny earthen inkpot and a reed pen, tie them all in a bundle and hand it to me. After a breakfast of a thick, stale chapatti with a little butter and sugar spread on it, we went to school. She carried several stale chapattis with her for.the village dogs.

2. My grandmother always went to school with me because the school was attached to the temple. The priest taught us the alphabet and morning prayer. While the children sat in rows on either side of the verandah singing the alphabet or the prayer in a chorus, my grandmother sat inside reading the scriptures. When we had both finished, we would u alk back together. (203 words)  – Khushwant Singh

Questions:

1. Why did the grandmother say her morning prayers loudly?
2. What was Khushwant Singh given for breakfast?
3. Why did the grandmother always accompany Khushwant Singh to school?
4. Who taught the boys? What were they taught?
5. How did the grandmother feed the dogs?
6. Explain the meanings of:
   (i) monotonous singsong.
   (ii) prayer in a chorus.

Answers:

1. She used to say her morning prayers loudly because the speaker would listen and get to know it by heart.
2. Khuswant Singh was given a thick tasteless chapatti with a little butter and sugar spread on ii for breakfast.
3. The grandmother always accompanied Khushwant Singh to school because the school was attached to the temple.
4. The priest taught the boys. They were taught the alphabet and morning prayer.
5. The grandmother carried several chapattis with her while going to the school to feed the dogs in the way.
6. (i) rhythm uttered in one unvarying tone.
   (ii) to entreat collectively with the band of singers, worship to God, singing collectively.

Passage 14

1. Fathers and mothers, husbands and wives managers and foremen, politicians, artists and others; all these in one way or another, are teachers. Their methods will vary as widely as their jobs and characters. For this reason, we can point out only a few general principles to make their teaching more effective.

2. The first is clarity. Whatever we are teaching, we must make it clear. Make it as firm as a stone and as bright as sunlight. Not to ourselves- that is easy. Make it clear to the people we are teaching-that is difficult. The second is patience. Anything worth-learning takes time to learn and time to teach. It is a mistake often made by many of us to think that our audiences have thought deeply about their problems and are only a few steps behind us in any discussion. Real teaching is not simply handing out information. It is an actual change of the pupil’s mind. The third principle is responsibility. People are easily influenced for good or evil when their teacher speaks with authority. As teachers, we must see that our ideas are not misunderstood by those whom we are trying to teach.

Questions:

1. What does this passage say about the methods of teaching?
2. what is really teaching?
3. What is meant by the principle of responsibility in teaching?
4. Which two other general principles are considered necessary for effective teaching?
5. Which sentence in the passage shows a teacher’s stronghold on his students?
6. Find from the passage the antonyms of the following words:
   (i) particular
   (ii) false, unreal.

Answers:

1. The method of teaching differs in one way or another according to the jobs and characters.
2. Real teaching is to maintain patience in teaching and to make it clear to the people we are teaching.
3. The principle of responsibility in teaching means that as teachers we must see that our ideas are not misunderstood by those whom we are trying to teach.
4. The two other principles to be considered are
   • the teaching must be clear to the people to whom we are teaching and
   • ‘patience—anything worth learning takes time to teach and time to learn.
5. sentence showing teacher’s stronghold is; “people are easily influenced for good or evil when their teacher speaks with authority.”
6. (i) general
   (ii) actual, real

Passage 15

Freedom is a sweet-sounding word. Nearly all of us love to use it or hear it used. Even if we do not quite understand what it means, we feel it stands for something fine and courageous. And so it does.lt stands for something precious too; something for which men and women in every part of the world have struggled and suffered and gone bravely even to their death. If we enjoy any freedom now, it is partly due to them. So it is really worth our while to know clearly what freedom is, and why it has been valued so highly. We shall ourselves thereby come to value it and not lose it by our carelessness. At one time it used to be said. ‘All men are born free,’ but we can now see that it is not true at all; for Nature binds us in all sorts of ways. The newborn baby is not free, not even as free as the newborn calf, much less than the newborn mosquito. The young mosquito is soon able to fly away, the calf begins to walk in a few days, but the human baby takes at least a year even to crawl. He slowly wins his freedom by an increase of strength and skill. It does not come to him in any other way. (218 words)

Questions:

1. How is freedom a sweet-sounding word?
2. How has freedom come to us?
3. All men are born free. Does the writer agree with this?
4. How does the writer compare a human child with young ones of the other species?
5. How does a child win its freedom?
6. Find from the passage words which mean the same as the following:
   (i) valuable and important
   (ii) move on one’s knees and hands, keeping the body close to the ground.

Answers:

1. Freedom is a sweet-sounding word because all of us love to use it or hear it used. Even if we do not understand its meaning, we feel it stands for something fine and courageous.
2. Freedom has come through the struggles and sufferings of men and women in every part of the world.
3. The writer does not agree with the saying ‘All men are born free.’ According to him, Nature binds us in all sorts of ways.
4. According to the writer, a newborn baby is not even as free as the newborn calf or even the newborn mosquito.
5. A child slowly wins his freedoms by an increase of strength and skill.
6. (i) precious and value
   (ii) crawl.

Passage 16

1. Of all the trees of the south from Asia, the banyan is unique, not only for the manner of its growth but for the area of shade, it provides from the burning sun. Its close relationship with man has evolved over the years to make the banyan a popular meeting place, a focal point of worship and a source of practical materials for commerce.

2. Known as the ‘strangler fig’ because of its unusual manner of growth, the banyan is an epiphyte or air plant, that has its birth in the branches of a host tree and lives on airborne moisture and nutrients. Banyan seeds are deposited by birds, bats or monkeys in the rich soil collected in the crevices of host tree branches.

3. As the banyan grows, it sends aerial roots down the trunk of the supporting tree. In time, the roots that reach the ground choke the host tree by preventing its trunk from enlarging. The two best-known species of banyans are the Indian (Ficus benghalensis), one of the world’s largest tropical trees; and the Chinese (Ficusretusa), a smaller species with Sewer aerial roots. (186 words)

Questions:

1. Why is the banyan called the ‘strangler fig’?
2. In what ways is the banyan tree unique?
3. How does the banyan tree take birth and grow?
4. Why is the banyan a popular meeting place?
5. What kind of a tree is the Indian banyan? How is the Chinese one different from the Indian one?
6. Find from the passage noun form of the following words:
   (i) grow
   (ii) bear.

Answers:

1. The banyan is called the ‘strangler fig’ because it chokes the host tree.
2. It is unique in the manner of its growth. It is also unique in terms of the area of shade it provides.
3. It takes birth in the branches of a host tree. It grows with the help of airborne moisture and nutrients.
4. It has become a popular meeting place due to its close relationship with a man and a focal point of the workshop as well.
5. The Indian banyan is one of the world’s largest tropical trees. The Chinese one is a smaller species.
6. (i) growth
   (ii) birth.

Passage 17

Gandhiji’s mother was a very sweet, kind and religious woman. She visited the temple daily, often taking her little son with her. She fasted frequently, too. Once she made a vow to eat only one meal a day for four months, and not to take even that one meal unless she had first seen sunshine. As she had made this vow in the rainy season, it was often difficult to see sunshine at all. Her children, who could not bear to think of their dear mother going without food all the twenty-four hours, would stand staring up at the sky waiting to catch the first gleams of the sun. As soon as a ray appeared, they would dash into the house and call their mother to come and see for herself. By the time she came out, the sun had often gone behind the clouds again. “It does not matter,” she would say cheerfully. “God does not want me to eat today,” and back she would go to her household tasks. In this way, Gandhiji learnt from his good mother how to do penance cheerfully for love of God.

Questions:

1. What vow did Gandhiji’s mother make?
2. What could the children not bear?
3. What did the children do if they saw some sunlight in the sky?
4. What did Gandhi learn from his mother?
5. What did she do daily?
6. Find from the passage words that mean the same as the following:
   (i) often
   (ii) happily

Answers:

1. Gandhiji’s mother made a vow to eat only one meal a day for four months, and not to take even that one meal unless she had first seen sunshine.
2. They (the children) could not bear their mother going without food all the twenty-four hours.
3. They would immediately go to their mother and call her to see the sunlight herself.
4. Gandhiji learnt from his mother how to do penance cheerfully for love of God.
5. She visited the temple daily.
6. (i) frequently
   (ii) cheerfully

Passage 18

1. Now that smoking is considered to be very dangerous to health, it is especially difficult for children to buy cigarettes or tobacco. Our tobacconist, Mr James, has always been very careful about this. If his customers are very young, he always asks them for whom the cigarettes are being purchased.

2. One day, a little girl walked boldly into his shop and demanded twenty cigarettes. Mr James was so surprised by her confident maimer that he forgot to ask his usual question. Instead, he asked her what kind of cigarettes she wanted. The girl replied promptly and handed him the money. While he was giving her the cigarettes, Mr James said laughing that as she was so young, she should hide the packet in her pocket in case a policeman saw it. However, the little girl did not seem to find this very funny. Without even smiling, she took the packet and walked towards the door. Suddenly she stopped, turned around, and looked steadily at Mr James. There was a moment’s deathly silence and the tobacconist wondered what she was going to say. All at once, in a clear, solemn voice, the girl declared, ‘My dad is a policeman,’ and with that, she walked quickly out of the shop.’

Questions:

1. Did the tobacconist ever sell cigarettes to children? What did he first ask them?
2. What did he forget to do when the young girl demanded a packet of cigarettes?
3. Where did he advise her to hide the packet? Why?
4. What did the girl tell him just as she was leaving the shop?
5. Explain the meaning of the following:
   (i) tobacconist
   (ii) promptly.

Answers:

1. Yes, the tobacconist sold cigarettes to children. But he first asked them for whom they were purchasing the cigarettes.
2. He forgot to ask the young girl his usual question.
3. He advised her to hide the packet in her pocket so that no policeman could see it.
4. She told him that her father was a policeman.
5. (i) shopkeeper who sells cigarettes, tobacco, etc.
   (ii) at once, without delay.

Passage 19

The water of the river Yamuna in Delhi has become useless. The water of this river is most polluted and has received E grade in terms of quality. This is the lowest grade which indicates the severity of pollution m the water. Some fifty years ago the water of the Yamuna was clear and clean. Many water plants such as weeds, algae and shrubs grew in its water along the bank of the river. These plants were the main source of food for aquatic creatures. A number of water birds could be seen along the river. With the onset of winter, thousands of migratory birds would come here to feed in the Yamuna water. Sadly these water species and birds have vanished or died. What one finds, now are red worms, called chironomids which live in the most unhygienic and polluted water.

Questions:

1. Why did the birds migrate to the Yamuna during winter? (2)
2. What indicates the rich quality of the Yamuna water in the past? (2)
3. What has been the result of severe pollution of the Yamuna water? (1)
4. What are chironomids? (2)
5. Which word in the passage means ‘disappear”? (1)

Answers:

1. During the winter season, birds migrated to the Yamuna to feed their young ones. The river Yamuna was quite safe and well for their livelihood.
2. In the past, the Yamuna water was clear and clean. Many water plants such as weeds, algae and shrubs grew in the water.
3. The water of this river has been too polluted. So, all the useful weeds, algae and shrubs have vanished and it is hundred per cent harmful to man and other creatures.
4. We see red worms in the polluted water of Yamuna more and more. These red worms are called chironomids.
5. “Disappear’ word means ‘vanished.’

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Bihar Board Class 9 English Grammar Narration Direct and Indirect Speech

Reporting (Narration)
Direct से Indirect Speech बनाने के लिए Assertive, Interrogative, Imperative, Optative and Exclamatory Sentences for जा सकते है। आगे दिए गए Examples को ध्यान से पढ़ें
Change the following sentences into the indirect form of speech.
Note: उत्तर प्रत्येक वाक्य के सामने तिरछे अक्षरों (Italics) में दिया गया है।

A. Assertive Sentences (Statements)

Rewrite the following into indirect form of speech:

1. He said to her, “You were absent yesterday.”
He told her that she was absent the previous day.

2. He said, “It was nine days wonder.”
He said that it had been nine days wonder.

3. The boy said to me. “You are my best friend.”
The boy told me that I was his (boy) best friend.

4. The teacher said in the class, “India is an independent country.”
The teacher said in the class that India is an independent country.

5. The teacher said, “The Ganga is a beautiful river.”
The teacher said that the Ganga is a beautiful river.

6. The old man said, “The sun rises in the east.”
The old man said that the sun rises in the east.”

7. The teacher said, “The earth is round.”
The earth The teacher said that the earth is round.

8. The teacher said, “When the cat is away, the mice will play.
The teacher said that when the cat is away mice will play.

9. “I loved my father well”, said the son.
The son said that he had loved his father well.

10. The teacher said, “Honesty pays in the long run.”
The teacher said that honesty pays in the long run.

11. Hermia said, “I am going to leave Athens.”
Hermia said that she was going to leave Athens.

12. The sage told me, “No one can steal your knowledge.”
The sage told me that no one can steal my knowledge.

13. He said to her, “I shall help you in your work.”
He told her that he would help her in her work.

14. “I wrote him a letter yesterday”, said the girl.
The girl said that she had written him a letter the day before.

15. He said, “God is everywhere.”
He said that God is everywhere.

16. The traveller said, “I went from place to place.
The traveller said that he had gone from place to place.

17. He said, “It was a nine days wonder.”
He said that it had been a nine days’ wonder.

18. The teacher said in the class. India is an independent country.
The teacher said in the class that India is an independent country.

19. The girl said, “I never saw such a lovely bird in my life.”
The girl said that she had never seen such a lovely bird in her life.

20. My father said, “The sun rises in the east.”
My father said that the sun rises in the east.

21. The driver said to the passengers, “The bus is damaged.”
The driver told the passengers that the bus was damaged.

22. She said, “I am going home.”
She said that she was going home.

23. He said, “The sunsets in the evening.”
He said that the sun sets in the evening.

24. Hari said, “Charity begins at home.”
Hari said that charity begins at home.

25. Ramesh said to the teacher, “Sir, I am very sorry.”
Ramesh respectfully told the teacher that he was very sorry.

26. He said, “I saw this man long ago.”
He said that he had seen that man long before.

27. The teacher said to the boys, “I will teach you English Grammar today.”
The teacher told the boys that he would teach them English Grammar that day.

28. She said to me, “I shall call on you tomorrow.”
She told me that she would call on me the next day.

B. Commands and Request (Imperative Sentences)

Change the following sentences into indirect speech:

1. He said to me, ‘Please give me a book.”
He requested me to give him a book.

2. She said to me. “Do not sit here.”
She forbade me to sit there.

3. The teacher said to Gopal, “Bring a glass of water.”
The teacher asked Gopal to bring a glass of water.

4. The mother said to her daughter, “Go to the market.”
The mother asked her daughter to go to the market.

5. He said to me, “go home.”
He asked me to go home.

6. The student said to the teacher. “Please help him.”
The student requested the teacher to help him.

7. The teacher said. “Sit down.”
The teacher ordered the boy to sit down.

8. The student said to the teacher, “Please allow me to leave for two days.”
The student requested the teacher to allow him to leave for two days.

9. He said to me. “Please send me your book.”
He requested me to send him my book.

10. The teacher said to the boys, “do not make a noise.”
The teacher forbade the boys to make a noise.

11. Titania said to Bottom. “getaway.”
Titania order Bottom to getaway.

12. The master said to the servant, “Bring me a glass of water.”
The master ordered the servant to bring him a glass of water.

13. The father said to his son, “Don’t smoke.”
The father ordered his son not to smoke.

14. He said to the boys, “Don’t touch these flowers.”
He ordered the boys not to touch the flowers.

15. The boys said to the teacher, “Please teìch us English Grammar.”
The boys requested the teacher to teach them English Grammar.

16. He said to me,“Please come as early as you can.”
He requested me to come as early as I could.

17. “Come and sit with me on the bed of flowers”, said Titania to Bottom.
Titania asked Bottom to come and sit with her on the bed of Flowers.

18. Sonal said to her husband, “Please put a shawl on me.”
Sonal requested her husband to put a shal on lier.

19. The banker said to the lawyer. “Come to your senses before it is too late.”
The banker asked the lawyer to come to his senses before it was too late.

20. Ram said to me, “Let us go home.”
Ram proposed to me that we should go home.

21. He said. “Let me go out.”
He wished that he should go out.

22. He said to me, “Please give me a book.”
He requested me to give him a book.

23. I said to her, “Please follow me.”
I requested her to follow me.

24. He said to the child, “Don’t run so fast.”
He forbade the child lo run so fast.

25. She said to me. “Try your luck elsewhere.”
She said to me to try my luck elsewhere.

26. They said to their teacher, “Please forgive us.”
They requested their teacher to forgive them.

27. Her friend said to her. “Prepare all lessons carefully.”
Her friend advised her to prepare all lessons carefully.

28. “Stop that horrible noise”. he said to the children.
He ordered the children to stop that horrible noise.

29. The mother said to her child. “Do not play in the sun.”
The mother forbade her child to play in the sun.

30. The master said to his servant, “Post the letter.”
The master ordered his servant to post the letter.

31. The teacher said o the boys, “Read your lesson well.”
The teacher ordered the boys to read their lesson well.

32. The old man said to the servant, “Close the door.”
The old man ordered the servant to close the door.

33. The captain of the team said to the players, “Try to win.”
The captain of the team advised the players to try to win.

34. The student said to the teacher. “Please help me.”
The student requested the teacher to help him.

35. The commander said to his men, “Fight well.”
The commander ordered his men to fight well.

36. The doctor said to the patient “Take exercise daily.”
The doctor advised them to take exercise daily.

C. Imperative Sentences

Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

1. The poet said to the little girl, “Where are yow brothers and sisters?”
The poet asked the little girls where her brothers and sisters were.

2. The beggar said to me, “Will you lead me to the station?”
The beggar asked me ill would lead him to the station.

3. Ravi said to me, “Are you going to the market now?”
Ravi asked me if I was going to the market then.

4. “Whom do you want”, He said tome.
He asked me as lo who wanted.

5. He said to me. “What do you want?”
He asked me what I wanted.

6. He said to us, “Do you know me?”
He asked us if we knew him.

7. Shankar said to me, “Are you going to the market now?”
Shankar asked me if I was going to the market then.

8. My mother said to me, “Why are you wasting my time?
My mother asked the why was wasting her time.

9. The hoy said, “What is she doing here?”
The boy asked what she was doing there.

10. He said to him. “What were you doing yesterday?”
He asked him what he had been doing the previous day.

11. “Why are you laughing?” the wife asked him.
The wife asked him why he was laughing.

12. The teacher said to the student, “Do you know which is the smallest country in the world?”
The teacher asked the student if he knew which the smallest country in the world was.

13. “Do you want to go?” the father asked his son.
The lather asked his soil if he wanted to go.

14. The teacher said to the student, “When do you get up in the morning?”
The teacher asked the student when he got up in the morning.

15. Reena said to Meena, “What are you doing?”
Rena asked Meena what she was doing.

16. I said to him, “What is the matter!”
I asked him what the matter was.

17. He said to her. “What do you want?”
He asked her what she wanted.

18. He said,” Where is my bicycle?”
He asked where his bicycle was.

19. The Emperor said to the young man. “Do you know what will happen to you if you fail?”
The Emperor asked the young man if he knew what would happen to him if he failed.

20. “What are you doing here, Helena?” asked Hernia.
Hernia asked Helena what she was doing there.

21. She said,” Why did he not come in with me?”
She asked why he had not come in with her.

22. The banker said. “Why did I make this bet?”
The hanker asked why he had made that bet.

23. He said to the boys. “When were the seven youths shot dead at Ranchi!”
He asked the boss when the seven youths had been shot dead at Ranchi.

24. He said to me. “Have you written the letter?”
He asked me ill had written the letter.

25. They said, “Where is the teacher?”
They asked where the teacher was.

26. The teacher said to the boy. “Do you hope to get through.”
The teacher asked the boy if he hoped to get through.

27. The girl said to me. “Who are you?”
The girl asked me 3who I was.

28. He said to me. “Have you seen my book?”
He asked me if I had seen his book.

29. I said to him.”Are you going to Ranchi today?”
He asked him if he was going to Ranchi that day.

30. He said to me “Why did you laugh at me?”
He asked me why I had laughed at him.

31. Mohan said to me, “How are you?”
Mohan asked me how I was.

32. I said to him, “Don’t you believe me?”
He asked me where the doctor n.

33. The teacher said to the boys, “Have you finished the lesson?”
The teacher asked the boys if they had finished the lessons.

34. Mohan said to his friend, “When did you go to Delhi?”
Mohan asked his friend when he had gone to Delhi.

D. Optative Sentences

Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

Question 1.

1. He said to me, “May you succeed?”
2. He said to me, “May you live long?”
3. The faiìer said to his son, “May God help you!”
4. He said, “May God pardon this sinner!”

Answers:

1. He wishes that I might succeed.
2. He wished that I might live long.
3. The father prayed that God might help his son.
4. He prayed that God would pardon that sinner.

Question 2.

1. The priest said to me. “May you live long!”
2. He said to me, “May God Bless you!”
3. He said to me. “May you be happy!”
4. I said (o him. “May you be blessed with a son!”
5. The saint said. “May God grant him long life!”

Answers:

1. The priest wished that I might live long.
2. He prayed that God might bless me.
3. He wished that I might be happy.
4. I wished that he might be blessed with a son.
5. The saint prayed that God might grant him a long life.

E. Exclamatory Sentences

Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

Question 1.

1. the Poet said, “How beautiful is the moon!”
2. He said to Ram. “What a man he is!”
3. The players said, “Hurrah! we have a great victory.”
4. He said to me, “What a man he is!”
5. The farmer said, “What a loss!”
6. “What a clever disguise!” side the princess.

Answers:

1. The poet exclaimed with a plan that the moon was very beautiful.
2. He exclaimed with surprise that he is a strange man.
3. The players exclaimed with joy that they had a great victory.
4. He exclaimed that he was a wonderful man?
5. The farmer exclaimed with sorrow that it was a great loss.
6. The princess exclaimed with wonder that it was a very clever disguise.

Question 2.

1. The Principal said. “Well done, boys!”
2. Sonu said, “What a beautiful sight it is!”
3. He said, “Good morning!”
4. He said, “How dark the night is!”

Answers:

1. The Principal admired the boys and exclaimed that they had done well.
2. Sonu exclaimed with joy that it was a very beautiful sight.
3. He wished me a good morning.
4. He exclaimed with surprise that the night was very dark.

Question 3.

1. The girl said. “What a fine morning!”
2. He said. “What a fine place it is’”
3. She said. “What a fool I am!”
4. He said, “How clever I am!”

Answers:

1. The girl exclaimed that it was a very line morning.
2. He exclaimed with wonder that it was a very fine place.
3. She exclaimed with regret that she was a great fool.
4. He exclaimed that he was very clever.

Question 4.

1. Sir said,” What a sweet song!”
2. The children said, “Hurrah! we have won the match.”
3. He said, “Alas! lam ruined.”
4. She said, “What a lovely garden it is!”
5. He said. “Alas! How foolish I have been.”

Answers:

1. She exclaimed with delight that it was a very sweet song.
2. The children exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
3. He exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.
4. She exclaimed with wonder that t was a very lovely garden.
5. He exclaimed with regret that he had been great foolish.

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Bihar Board 10th Science Objective Questions and Answers

Bihar Board 10th Science VVI Objective Questions Model Set 3 in Hindi

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नांकित में से कौन मलेरिया परजीवी है?
(a) प्लाज्मोडियम
(b) लीशमैनिया
(c) प्रोटोजोआ
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(a) प्लाज्मोडियम

प्रश्न 2.
निम्न में से उत्तम ऊर्जा स्रोत कौन-सा है?
(a) कोयला
(b) लकड़ी
(c) पेट्रोलियम
(d) बायो-मास
उत्तर:
(d) बायो-मास

प्रश्न 3.
सल्फर परमाणु की बाह्यतम कक्षा में इलेक्ट्रॉनों की संख्या कितनी होती है?
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7
उत्तर:
(c) 6

प्रश्न 4.
मानव हृदय में कोष्ठों की संख्या कितनी है?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
उत्तर:
(c) 4

प्रश्न 5.
कवक में पोषण की कौन-सी विधि पाई जाती है?
(a) मृतजीवी
(b) समभोजी
(c) स्वपोषी
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(a) मृतजीवी

प्रश्न 6.
निम्न में से कौन-सा असंतृप्त हाइड्रोकार्बन है?
(a) CH₄
(b) C₂H₆
(c) C₂H₄
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(c) C₂H₄

प्रश्न 7.
निम्न में से किस लेंस की फोकस दूरी धनात्मक होती है?
(a) अवतल लेंस
(b) उत्तल लेंस
(c) समतल-अवतल लेंस
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(b) उत्तल लेंस

प्रश्न 8.
किस लेंस का उपयोग कर दीर्घदृष्टि दोष को संशोधित किया जा सकता है?
(a) अवतल लेंस
(b) उत्तल लेंस
(c) कभी अवतल लेंस और कभी उत्तल लेंस
(d) बेलनाकार लेंस
उत्तर:
(b) उत्तल लेंस

प्रश्न 9.
ऐलुमिनियम पर मोटी ऑक्साइड की परत बनाने की प्रक्रिया कहलाती है
(a) जस्तीकरण
(b) एनोडीकरण
(c) समृद्धिकरण
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(b) एनोडीकरण

प्रश्न 10.
विद्युत ऊर्जा का व्यापारिक मात्रक क्या है?
(a) वाट
(b) वाट/घंटा
(c) यूनिट
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(c) यूनिट

प्रश्न 11.
सामान्य नेत्र के लिए दूर-बिंदु है
(a) 25 मी.
(b) 25 सेमी.
(c) 25 मिमी.
(d) अनंत
उत्तर:
(d) अनंत

प्रश्न 12.
हाड्रोजन के दो परमाणुओं के बीच कितने आबंध बनते हैं?
(a) एक आबंध
(b) द्वि-आबंध
(c) त्रि-आबंध
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(a) एक आबंध

प्रश्न 13.
निम्न में से कौन आहार श्रृंखला का निर्माण करता है?
(a) घास, गेहूँ तथा आम
(b) घास, बकरी तथा मानव
(c) बकरी, गाय तथा हाथी
(d) घास, मछली तथा बकरी
उत्तर:
(b) घास, बकरी तथा मानव

प्रश्न 14.
कौन अंत: स्रावी और बाह्य ग्रंथि जैसा कार्य नहीं करता है?
(a) अग्नाशय
(b) पीयूष ग्रंथि
(c) अंडाशय
(d) वृषण
उत्तर:
(c) अंडाशय

प्रश्न 15.
कौन-सा कार्बन यौगिक सबसे अधिक अभिक्रियाशील है?
(a) CH₄
(b) C₂H₆
(c) C₂H₄
(d) C₃H₈
उत्तर:
(c) C₂H₄

प्रश्न 16.
किस दर्पण का उपयोग सामान्यतः वाहनों का पश्च-दृश्य दर्पणों के रूप में किया जाता है?
(a) समतल दर्पण
(b) अवतल दर्पण
(c) उत्तल दर्पण
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(c) उत्तल दर्पण

प्रश्न 17.
रासायनिक अभिक्रिया के दौरान किसी पदार्थ में ऑक्सीजन का ह्रास कहलाता है
(a) उपचयन
(b) अपचयन
(c) संक्षारण
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(b) अपचयन

प्रश्न 18.
कौन-सी गैस वैश्विक ऊष्मण के लिए उत्तरदायी है?
(a) कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड
(b) ऑक्सीजन
(c) नाइट्रोजन
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(a) कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड

प्रश्न 19.
पित्त रस कहाँ से स्रावित होता है
(a) अग्नाशय से
(b) यकृत से
(c) छोटी आंत से
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(a) अग्नाशय से

प्रश्न 20.
कौन-सा अभिलक्षण वंशागत नहीं है?
(a) आँख का रंग
(b) चमड़ी का रंग
(c) शरीर का आकार
(d) बाल की प्रकृति
उत्तर:
(d) बाल की प्रकृति

प्रश्न 21.
आधुनिक आवर्त सारणी में समूहों की संख्या है
(a) 7
(b) 8
(c) 9
(d) 18
उत्तर:
(d) 18

प्रश्न 22.
ग्लूकोज के एक अणु में ऑक्सीजन के कितने परमाणु होते हैं?
(a) 4
(b) 6
(c) 8
(d) 12
उत्तर:
(b) 6

प्रश्न 23.
शुद्ध जल का pH मान होता है
(a) 6
(b) 7
(c) 8
(d) 9
उत्तर:
(b) 7

प्रश्न 24.
किस वर्ण (रंग) का तरंगदैर्ध्य सबसे बड़ा है?
(a) लाल
(b) नीला
(c) पीला
(d) बैंगनी
उत्तर:
(a) लाल

प्रश्न 25.
फ्लेमिंग के वामहस्त नियम के बाएँ हाथ की तर्जनी संकेत करती है
(a) चालक पर आरोपित विद्युत बल की दिशा
(b) चुम्बकीय क्षेत्र की दिशा
(c) चालक में प्रवाहित विद्युत धारा की दिशा
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(b) चुम्बकीय क्षेत्र की दिशा

प्रश्न 26.
निम्न में से कौन-सा यौगिक ईंधन के रूप में इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है?
(a) इथेनॉल
(b) प्रोपेनॉल
(c) इथेनॉइक अम्ल
(d) इनमें से सभी
उत्तर:
(a) इथेनॉल

प्रश्न 27.
कौन-सा पदार्थ लाल लिटमस को नीला कर देता है?
(a) अम्ल
(b) क्षार
(c) लवण
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(b) क्षार

प्रश्न 28.
नयी कार्तीय चिह्न परिपाटी के अनुसार दर्पण के सामने रखे गये बिंब की बिंब दूरी ली जाती है
(a) धनात्मक
(b) ऋणात्मक
(c) कभी धनात्मक कभी ऋणात्मक
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(b) ऋणात्मक

प्रश्न 29.
खाद्य पदार्थ के डिब्बों पर जिंक के बजाय टिन का लेप होता है, क्योंकि
(a) टिन की अपेक्षा जिंक मँहगा होता है
(b) टिन की अपेक्षा जिंक का गलनांक अधिक है
(c) टिन की अपेक्षा जिंक अधिक अभिक्रियाशील है
(d) टिन की अपेक्षा जिंक कम अभिक्रियाशील है
उत्तर:
(c) टिन की अपेक्षा जिंक अधिक अभिक्रियाशील है

प्रश्न 30.
निम्न में से कौन-सा अंग संवेदीग्राही नहीं है?
(a) कान
(b) आँख
(c) नाक
(d) दिमाग
उत्तर:
(d) दिमाग

प्रश्न 31.
समान्तर क्रम में संयोजित प्रतिरोधों की संख्या घटने के उपरांत संयोजित प्रतिरोधों का कुल प्रतिरोध
(a) बढ़ता
(b) घटता है
(c) अपरिवर्तित रहता है
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(a) बढ़ता

प्रश्न 32.
समजात अंगों का उदाहरण है
(a) हमारा हाथ और कुत्ते के अग्रपाद
(b) हमारे दाँत और हाथी के दाँत
(c) आलू और घास के ऊपरी भूस्तारी
(d) उपरोक्त सभी
उत्तर:
(a) हमारा हाथ और कुत्ते के अग्रपाद

प्रश्न 33.
निम्न में से कौन-सा पद विद्युत परिपथ में विद्युत शक्ति को निरूपित करता है?
(a) I²R
(b) IR²
(c) V²I
(d) VI²
उत्तर:
(a) I²R

प्रश्न 34.
ताँबे की तार की एक आयताकार कुंडली किसी चुम्बकीय क्षेत्र में घूर्णी गति कर रही है। इस कुंडली में प्रेरित विद्युत धारा की दिशा में कितने परिभ्रमण के पश्चात परिवर्तन होता है?
(a) दो
(b) एक
(c) आधे
(d) एक-चौथाई
उत्तर:
(c) आधे

प्रश्न 35.
निम्नांकित में से कौन पुनरुद्भवन का उदाहरण है?
(a) हाइड्रा
(b) अमीबा
(c) स्पाइरोगाइरा
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(b) अमीबा

प्रश्न 36.
कौन-सा अजैव निम्नीकरण कचरा है?
(a) टिशू पेपर
(b) केले का छिलका
(c) थर्मोकोल
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(c) थर्मोकोल

प्रश्न 37.
टिंडल प्रभाव प्रकाश की कौन-सी परिघटना को प्रदर्शित करता है?
(a) प्रकाश का परावर्तन
(b) प्रकाश का अपवर्तन
(c) प्रकाश का विक्षेपण
(d) प्रकाश का प्रकीर्णन
उत्तर:
(d) प्रकाश का प्रकीर्णन

प्रश्न 38.
पुष्प का नर जननांग कहलाता है
(a) पुंकेसर
(b) जायांग
(c) पंखुड़ी
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(a) पुंकेसर

प्रश्न 39.
विरंजक चूर्ण का रासायनिक सूत्र है
(a) Ca(OH)₂
(b) CaOCl₂
(c) CaCO₃
(d) Ca(HCO₃)₂
उत्तर:
(b) CaOCl₂

प्रश्न 40.
निम्न में कौन गंगा-प्रदूषण के लिए उत्तरदायी नहीं है?
(a) गंगा में मछली पालना
(b) गंगा में कपड़ों का धोना
(c) गंगा में अधजले शव को बहाना
(d) गंगा में रासायनिक अपशिष्ट उत्सर्जन
उत्तर:
(a) गंगा में मछली पालना

Bihar Board Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 14 सांख्यिकी Ex 14.4 Text Book Questions and Answers.

BSEB Bihar Board Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 14 सांख्यिकी Ex 14.4

Bihar Board Class 10 Maths सांख्यिकी Ex 14.4

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित बंटन किसी फैक्टरी के 50 श्रमिकों की दैनिक आय दर्शाता है :

उपर्युक्त बंटन को एक कम प्रकार के संचयी बारम्बारता बंटन में बदलिए और उसका तोरण खींचिए।
हल
दिए गए बारम्बारता बंटन से “कम प्रकार” का संचयी बारम्बारता बंटन प्राप्त करना

संचयी बारम्बारता वक्र (तोरण)

प्रश्न 2.
किसी कक्षा के 35 विद्यार्थियों की मेडिकल जाँच के समय, उनके भार निम्नलिखित रूप में रिकार्ड किए गए :

उपर्युक्त आँकड़ों के लिए कम प्रकार’ का तोरण खींचिए। इसके बाद माध्यिका भार ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल

संचयी बारम्बारता वक्र (तोरण)

माध्यिका ज्ञात करना : बिंदु = \(\frac{35}{2}\) = 17.5, Y-अक्ष पर लेकर, X-अक्ष के समान्तर रेखा खींचते हैं। जोकि बिन्दु P पर मिलती है। बिन्दु P का भुज वक्र से ज्ञात करते हैं। यही प्रतिच्छेदी बिन्दु ही अभीष्ट माध्यिका है।
ग्राफ से, माध्यिका भार = 46.5 किग्रा, माध्यिका वर्ग (46 – 48) है।
दिया है, निम्न माध्यिका वर्ग (l₁) = 46, f = 14, cf = 14, वर्ग माप (h) = 2
कुल प्रेक्षण (N) = 35

अत: माध्यिका समान है। जैसा कि हम ग्राफ से देखते हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित सारणी किसी गाँव के 100 फार्मों में हुआ प्रति हेक्टेयर गेहूँ का उत्पादन दर्शाते हैं :

इस बंटन को से अधिक प्रकार के बंटन में बदलिए और फिर उसका तोरण खींचिए।
हल
दिए गए बंटन को ‘से अधिक’ प्रकार के बंटन में बदलना

“से अधिक” प्रकार का बंटन

संचयी बारम्बारता वक्र (तोरण)

Bihar Board Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 13 पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल एवं आयतन Ex 13.5 Text Book Questions and Answers.

BSEB Bihar Board Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 13 पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल एवं आयतन Ex 13.5

Bihar Board Class 10 Maths पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल एवं आयतन Ex 13.5

प्रश्न 1.
व्यास 3 mm वाले ताँबे के तार को 12 cm लम्बे और 10 cm व्यास वाले एक बेलन पर इस प्रकार लपेटा जाता है कि वह बेलन के व्रक पृष्ठ को पूर्णतया ढक लेता है। तार की लम्बाई और द्रव्यमान ज्ञात कीजिए, यह मानते हुए कि ताँबे का द्रव्यमान 8.88 g/cm³ हैं।
हल
बेलन का व्यास = 10 cm तथा बेलन की ऊँचाई = 12 cm
बेलन की परिधि = π × व्यास = π × 10 = 10π cm
बेलन पर 1 चक्कर लपेटने के लिए तार की लम्बाई = 10π cm
जब बेलन पर तार का 1 चक्कर लपेटते हैं तो उसकी 3 mm लम्बाई ढक जाती है।
जब बेलन पर तार के 2 चक्कर लपेटते हैं तो उसकी (2 × 3) mm लम्बाई ढक जाती है।
जब बेलन पर तार के 3 चक्कर लपेटते हैं तो उसकी (3 × 3) mm लम्बाई ढक जाती है।
जब बेलन पर तार के 4 चक्कर लपेटते हैं तो उसकी (4 × 3) mm लम्बाई ढक जाती है।
तब, सम्पूर्ण बेलन को ढकने के लिए तार के \(\frac{120}{3}\) = 40 चक्कर लपेटने होंगे।
40 चक्कर बेलन पर लपेटने के लिए आवश्यक तार की माप
= 40 × 10π
= 400π cm
= 400 × 3.14 cm
= 1256 cm
= 12.56 m (लगभग)
अत: तार की अभीष्ट लम्बाई = 12.56 m
तथा तार का द्रव्यमान = 1256 × 8.88 g
= 11153.3 g
= 11.153 kg

प्रश्न 2.
एक समकोण त्रिभुज, जिसकी भुजाएँ 3 cm और 4 cm हैं (कर्ण के अतिरिक्त), को उसके कर्ण के परितः घुमाया जाता है। इस प्रकार प्राप्त द्वि-शंकु (double cone) के आयतन और पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। (r का मान जो भी उपयुक्त लगे, प्रयोग कीजिए।)
हल

अतः समकोण ∆ABC के परिक्रमण से बने द्वि-शंकु की त्रिज्या (r) = 2.4 cm
तब, द्वि-शंकु (दोनों शंकुओं) का आयतन = शंकु (ABB’) का आयतन + शंकु (CBB’) का आयतन
= \(\frac{1}{3} \pi r^{2}\) (AO) + \(\frac{1}{3} \pi r^{2}\) (OC)
= \(\frac{1}{3} \pi r^{2}\) (AO + OC)
= \(\frac{1}{3} \pi r^{2}\) (AC) (∵ AO + OC = AC)
= \(\frac{1}{3} \pi\) × (2.4)² × 5
= 9.6π
= 9.6 × 3.14
= 30.144 cm³
और द्वि-शंकु (दोनों शंकुओं) का पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल = शंकु (ABB’) का वक्रपृष्ठ + शंकु (CBB’) का वक्र पृष्ठ
= πr(AB) + πr(BC)
= πr(AB + BC)
= 3.14 × 2.4 × (4 + 3)
= 3.14 × 2.4 × 7
= 52.75 cm²
अतः द्वि-शंकु का आयतन = 30.144 cm³
तथा पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल = 52.75 cm² (लगभग)।

प्रश्न 3.
एक टंकी, जिसके आन्तरिक मापन 150 cm × 120 cm × 110 cm हैं, में 129600 cm³ पानी है। इस पानी में कुछ छिद्र वाली ईंटें तब तक डाली जाती हैं, जब तक कि टंकी पूरी ऊपर तक भर न जाए। प्रत्येक ईंट अपने आयतन का \(\frac{1}{17}\) पानी सोख लेती है। यदि प्रत्येक ईंट की माप 22.5 cm × 7.5 cm × 6.5 cm है तो टंकी में कुल कितनी ईंटें डाली जा सकती हैं, ताकि उसमें से पानी बाहर न बहे?
हल
टंकी का आयतन = 150 × 120 × 110 cm³ = 1980000 cm³
टंकी में भरे पानी का आयतन = 129600 cm³
प्रत्येक ईंट का आयतन = 22.5 × 7.5 × 6.5 cm³ = 1096.875 cm³
माना टंकी में x ईंटें डालने पर टंकी पानी से ऊपर तक भर जाएगी।
तब, x ईंटों का आयतन = 1096.875x cm³
तब, ईंटों द्वारा शोषित पानी का आयतन = 1096.875 × \(\frac{1}{17}\) = \(\frac{1096.875 x}{17}\) cm³
तब, टंकी में शेष बचे पानी का आयतन = (129600 – \(\frac{1096.875 x}{17}\)) cm³
तब, x ईंटों का आयतन + टंकी में शेष बचे पानी का आयतन = टंकी का आयतन
⇒ 1096.875 x + 129600 – \(\frac{1096.875 x}{17}\) = 1980000
⇒ 1096.8757x – \(\frac{1096.875 x}{17}\) = 1980000 – 129600
⇒ 1096.875x(1 – \(\frac{1}{17}\)) = 1850400
⇒ 1096.875x = \(\frac{1850400 \times 17}{16}\)
⇒ x = \(\frac{1850400 \times 17}{16 \times 1096.875}\) = 1792.4
⇒ x = 1792
अत: टंकी में डाली गई ईंटों की संख्या 1792 (लगभग) है।

प्रश्न 4.
किसी महीने के 15 दिनों में, एक नदी की घाटी में 10 cm वर्षा हुई। यदि इस घाटी का क्षेत्रफल 97280 km² है तो दर्शाइए कि कल वर्षा लगभग तीन नदियों के सामान्य पानी के योग के समतुल्य थी, जबकि प्रत्येक नदी 1072 km लम्बी, 75 m चौड़ी और 3 m गहरी है।
हल
प्रत्येक नदी का आयतन = 1072 km × 75 m × 3 m
= 1072 × 75 × 3 × 1000 m³
= 241200000 m³
तीनों नदियों के कुल पानी का आयतन = 3 × 241200000 m³
नदियों का कुल पानी = 723600000 m³
घाटी का क्षेत्रफल = 97280 km²
= 97280 × (1000)² m²
= 97280000000 m²
वर्षा के पानी का आयतन = 97280000000 × \(\frac{10}{100}\) m3 (∵ 10 cm = \(\frac{10}{100}\) m)
= 9728000000 m³
ये दोनों आयतन बराबर होने चाहिए लेकिन ये बराबर नहीं हैं।
इससे स्पष्ट है कि प्रश्न में दिए तथ्य असंगत हैं।

प्रश्न 5.
टीन की बनी हुई एक तेल की कुप्पी 10 cm लम्बे एक बेलन में एक शंकु के छिन्नक को जोड़ने से बनी है। यदि इसकी कुल ऊँचाई 22 cm है, बेलनाकार भाग का व्यास 8 cm है और कुप्पी के ऊपरी सिरे का व्यास 18 cm है, तो इसके बनाने में लगी टीन की चादर का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए।

हल
दिया है, बेलनाकार भाग की ऊँचाई (h) = 10 cm
कुप्पी की कुल ऊँचाई = 22 cm
शंकु के छिन्नक की ऊँचाई (H) = 22 – 10 = 12 cm
शंकु के छिन्नक की ऊपरी त्रिज्या (R₁) = \(\frac{18}{2}\) = 9 cm
शंकु के छिन्नक की निचली त्रिज्या (R₂) = \(\frac{8}{2}\) = 4 cm
बेलनाकार भाग की त्रिज्या (r) = 4 cm
बेलनाकार भाग का वक्रपृष्ठ = 2πrh
= 2π × 4 × 10
= 80π cm²
शंकु के छिन्नक की तिर्यक ऊँचाई

शंकु के छिन्नक का वक्र पृष्ठ = π(R₁ + R₂)l
= π(9 + 4) × 13
= 169π cm²
अतः कुप्पी का कुल पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल = बेलनाकार भाग का वक्र पृष्ठ + शंकु छिन्नक का वक्र पृष्ठ
= 80π + 169π
= 249π cm²
= 249 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) cm²
= \(\frac{5478}{7}\) cm²
= 782\(\frac{4}{7}\) cm²
अत: कुप्पी को बनाने में लगी टीन की चादर का क्षेत्रफल = 782\(\frac{4}{7}\) cm²

प्रश्न 6.
शंकु के एक छिन्नक के लिए, पूर्व स्पष्ट किए संकेतों का प्रयोग करते हुए, वक्र पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल और सम्पूर्ण पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल के सूत्रों को सिद्ध कीजिए।
हल

माना एक शंकु (VAB) का शीर्ष V, आधार की त्रिज्या r₂ और तिर्यक ऊँचाई l₂ है। इस शंकु के शीर्ष V से h₁ नीचे स्थित बिन्दु O’ से आधार के समान्तर एक शंकु (VCD) काटा गया है जिसकी त्रिज्या r₁ तथा तिर्यक ऊँचाई l₁ है।
बिन्दु D से आधार पर लम्ब DE खींचा।
ΔVOD तथा ΔDOB में,
∠VO’D = ∠DEB [∵ VO ⊥ AB और VO’ ⊥ CD]
∠VDO’ = ∠DBE [संगत कोण]
ΔVOD और ΔDEB समरूप हैं।

छिन्नक का वक्र पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल = शंकु (VAB) का वक्र पृष्ठ – शंकु (VCD) का वक्र पृष्ठ
= πr₂l₂ – πr₁l₁
= πr₂(l₁ + BD) – πr₁l₁
= πr₂l₁ + πr₂ (BD) – πr₁l₁
= π(r₂ – l₁) l₁ + πr₂l (जहाँ BD = l = छिन्नक की तिर्यक ऊँचाई है।)
= π(r₂ – r₁) \(\left(\frac{r_{1}}{r_{2}-r_{1}}\right)\) l + πr₂l [समी०(1) से]
= πr₁l + πr₂l
अत: छिन्नक का वक्र पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल = π(r₁ + r₂)l
इति सिद्धम्
और छिन्नक का सम्पूर्ण पृष्ठ = वक्र पृष्ठ + पहले सिरे का क्षेत्रफल + दूसरे सिरे का क्षेत्रफल
= π(r₁ + r₂) l + \(\pi r_{1}^{2}+\pi r_{2}^{2}\)
= π(r₁ + r₂) l + \(\pi\left(r_{1}^{2}+r_{2}^{2}\right)\)
इति सिद्धम्

प्रश्न 7.
शंकु के एक छिन्नक के लिए, स्पष्ट संकेतों का प्रयोग करते हुए, आयतन का सूत्र सिद्ध कीजिए।
हल
पिछले प्रश्न से, शंकु (VAB) की ऊँचाई h₂ तथा त्रिज्या r₂ है।


इति सिद्धम्

Bihar Board Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 15 प्रायिकता Additional Questions and Answers.

BSEB Bihar Board Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 15 प्रायिकता Additional Questions

Bihar Board Class 10 Maths प्रायिकता Additional Questions

बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
यदि कोई घटना घटित नहीं होती है, तो इसकी प्रायिकता है
(i) 1
(ii) \(\frac{3}{4}\)
(iii) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
(iv) 0
हल
(iv) 0

प्रश्न 2.
निम्न में से कौन-सी, किसी घटना की प्रायिकता नहीं हो सकती है?
(i) \(\frac{1}{3}\)
(ii) 0.1
(iii) 0.3
(iv) \(\frac{17}{16}\)
हल
(iv) \(\frac{17}{16}\)

प्रश्न 3.
एक घटना बहुत असमान है, इसकी प्रायिकता निकटतम है
(i) 0.0001
(ii) 0.001
(iii) 0.01
(iv) 0.1
हल
(iv) 0.0001

प्रश्न 4.
यदि एक घटना की प्रायिकता P है, इसके पूरक घटना की प्रायिकता होगी
(i) P – 1
(ii) P
(iii) 1 – P
(iv) 1 – \(\frac{1}{P}\)
हल
(iii) 1 – P

प्रश्न 5.
किसी निश्चित घटना की प्रायिकता की प्रतिशतता कभी भी नहीं हो सकती
(i) 100 से कम
(ii) शून्य से कम
(iii) 1 से अधिक
(iv) कोई भी परन्तु एक पूर्ण संख्या
हल
(ii) शून्य से कम

प्रश्न 6.
यदि P(A), घटना A की प्रायिकता व्यक्त करती है. तब
(i) P(A) < 0
(ii) P(A) > 1
(iii) 0 ≤ P(A) ≤ 1
(iv) -1 ≤ P(A) ≤ 1
हल
(iii) 0 ≤ P(A) ≤ 1

प्रश्न 7.
ताश के 52 पत्तों में से एक पत्ता चुना गया है। इसके लाल फेस कार्ड हाने की प्रायिकता है
(i) \(\frac{3}{26}\)
(ii) \(\frac{3}{13}\)
(iii) \(\frac{2}{13}\)
(iv) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
हल
(i) \(\frac{3}{26}\)

प्रश्न 8.
यदृच्छया चुने गये एक नोन-लीप वर्ष में 53 रविवार होने की प्रायिकता है
(i) \(\frac{1}{7}\)
(ii) \(\frac{2}{7}\)
(iii) \(\frac{3}{7}\)
(iv) \(\frac{5}{7}\)
हल
(i) \(\frac{1}{7}\)

प्रश्न 9.
जब एक पासे को उछाला जाता है, तीन से छोटी विषम संख्या प्राप्त करने की प्रायिकता है
(i) \(\frac{1}{6}\)
(ii) \(\frac{1}{3}\)
(iii) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
(iv) 0
हल
(i) \(\frac{1}{6}\)

प्रश्न 10.
ताश की 52 पत्तों की गड्डी से एक पत्ता निकाला जाता है उस पत्ते के पान का इक्का न होने की प्रायिकता E है। E के संभव परिणाम हैं।
(i) 4
(ii) 13
(iii) 48
(iv) 51
हल
(iv) 51

प्रश्न 11.
400 अंडों के एक संग्रह में से एक खराब अंडा प्राप्त करने की प्रायिकता 0.035 है। इस संग्रह में खराब अंडों की संख्या है
(i) 7
(ii) 14
(iii) 21
(iv) 28
हल
(ii) 14

प्रश्न 12.
कोई लड़की एक कलन परिकलित करती है कि उसके द्वारा एक लॉटरी में प्रथम पुरस्कार जीतने की प्रायिकता 0.08 है। यदि 6000 टिकट बेचे गए हैं, तो उस लड़की ने कितने टिकट खरीदे हैं?
(i) 40
(ii) 240
(iii) 480
(iv) 750
हल
(iii) 480

प्रश्न 13.
किसी थैले में कुछ टिकट हैं, जिन पर 1 से 40 तक संख्याएँ अंकित हैं। इसमें से यादृच्छिक रूप से एक टिकट निकाला जाता है। इसकी प्रायिकता कि निकाले गए इस टिकट की संख्या 5 का एक गुणज हो, निम्नलिखित है
(i) \(\frac{1}{5}\)
(ii) \(\frac{3}{5}\)
(iii) \(\frac{4}{5}\)
(iv) \(\frac{1}{3}\)
हल
(i) \(\frac{1}{5}\)

प्रश्न 14.
किसी व्यक्ति से 1 से 100 तक की संख्याओं में से एक संख्या चुनने को कहा जाता है। इस संख्या के अभाज्य संख्या होने की प्रायिकता है
(i) \(\frac{1}{5}\)
(ii) \(\frac{6}{25}\)
(iii) \(\frac{1}{4}\)
(iv) \(\frac{13}{50}\)
हल
(iii) \(\frac{1}{4}\)

अतिलघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
एक थैले में 4 लाल तथा 6 काली गेंदें हैं। थैले में से एक गेंद यदृच्छया निकाली गई। एक काली गेंद निकलने की प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल
जब थैले से यदृच्छया एक गेंद बाहर निकाली जाती है तो निकाली गई गेंद के लाल होने की कुल सम्भावनाएँ 4 हैं तथा गेंद काली होने की सम्भव घटनाएँ 6 हो सकती हैं।
कुल सम्भावित परिणाम = 6 + 4 = 10
और गेंद काली होने के सम्भव परिणाम = 6
अत: निकाली गई गेंद काले रंग की होने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{6}{10}=\frac{3}{5}\)

प्रश्न 2.
एक पासे को एक बार फेंका जाता है। एक सम संख्या प्राप्त करने की प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल
पासे पर सम संख्या (2, 4, 6) = 3
कुल संख्या = 6
सम संख्या आने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}\)

प्रश्न 3.
एक थैले में एक से लेकर दस अंक तक के दस टिकट हैं, थैले से यदृच्छया एक टिकट निकाला जाता है। निकाले गए टिकट पर विषम अंक होने की प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल
थैले में 1 से लेकर 10 अंक तक के टिकट हैं।
n(S) = 10
विषम अंक 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 होंगे।
n(E) = 5
विषम अंक प्राप्त होने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{n(E)}{n(S)}=\frac{5}{10}=\frac{1}{2}\)

प्रश्न 4.
अच्छे प्रकार से फेंटी गई 52 पत्तों की एक गड्डी में से एक पत्ता निकाला जाता है। उस पत्ते के इक्का होने की प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल
गड्डी में कुल 52 पत्ते हैं
अत: गड्डी में से 1 पत्ता निकालने पर कुल सम्भव परिणाम = 52
52 पत्तों में इक्के केवल 4 हैं।
इक्का निकालने के अनुकूल परिणामों की संख्या = 4
पत्ते के इक्का होने की प्रायिकता

प्रश्न 5.
किसी घटना के घटित होने की प्रायिकता 0.7 है तो उस घटना के न घटित होने की प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल
घटना के न घटित होने की प्रायिकता = 1 – घटना के घटित होने की प्रायिकता
= 1 – 0.7
= 0.3

प्रश्न 6.
एक असम्भव घटना की प्रायिकता कितनी होती है?
उत्तर
असम्भव घटना की प्रायिकता शून्य होती है।

प्रश्न 7.
एक निश्चित घटना की प्रायिकता कितनी होगी?
उत्तर
निश्चित घटना की प्रायिकता 1 होगी।

लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
एक थैले में 6 काली, 7 लाल तथा 2 सफेद गेंदे हैं। इस थैले में से एक गेंद यदृच्छया निकाली जाती है, प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए कि निकाली गयी गेंदे (i) काली या सफेद हो, (ii) लाल हो।
हल
थैले में 6 काली, 7 लाल तथा 2 सफेद गेंदे हैं।
(i) कुल गेंद = 6 + 7 + 2 = 15
काली गेंद = 6
काली गेंद निकालने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{6}{15}\)
सफेद गेंद = 2
सफेद गेंद निकालने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{2}{15}\)
अतः काली या सफेद गेंद निकालने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{6}{15}+\frac{2}{15}=\frac{8}{15}\)

(ii) थैले में लाल गेंद = 7
लाल गेंद निकालने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{7}{15}\)

प्रश्न 2.
दो सिक्के एक साथ उछाले जाते हैं। निम्नलिखित के प्राप्ति की प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए :
(i) दो शीर्ष,
(ii) कम-से-कम एक शीर्ष।
हल
यदि शीर्ष को H तथा पुच्छ को T से प्रदर्शित किया जाए तो दो सिक्कों को एक साथ उछालने पर,
(i) प्रतिदर्श समष्टि S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
n(S) = 4
दोनों शीर्ष एक बार (H, H)
दो शीर्ष आने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{1}{4}\)

(ii) कम-से-कम एक शीर्ष n(E) = 3 {HT, TH, TT}
कम-से-कम एक शीर्ष आने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{3}{4}\)

प्रश्न 3.
एक कक्षा में 18 लड़कियाँ तथा 16 लड़के हैं। कक्षा अध्यापिका को एक विद्यार्थी कक्षा प्रतिनिधि के रूप में चुनना है। वह प्रत्येक विद्यार्थी का नाम एक अलग कार्ड पर लिखती है, जबकि कार्ड एक जैसे हैं। फिर वह इन कार्यों को एक थैले में डालकर अच्छी तरह हिलाती है और तब थैले में से एक कार्ड निकालती है। इसकी क्या प्रायिकता है कि कार्ड पर लिखा हुआ नाम
(i) लड़की का है?
(ii) लड़के का है?
हल
(i) कार्ड एक जैसे हैं तथा कार्ड निकालने से पहले उन्हें अच्छी तरह हिलाया गया है, अत: सभी परिणाम समप्रायिक हैं।
लड़कियों का नाम लिखे कार्यों की संख्या = 18
तथा लड़कों का नाम लिखे कार्डों की संख्या = 16
एक कार्ड निकालने पर कुल परिणामों की संख्या = 18 + 16 = 34
जबकि लड़की के नाम का कार्ड निकलने के अनुकूल परिणामों की संख्या = 18
लड़की का कार्ड निकलने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{18}{34}=\frac{9}{17}\)

(ii) अब लड़के का कार्ड निकलने के अनुकूल परिणामों की संख्या = 16
लड़के का कार्ड निकलने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{16}{34}=\frac{8}{17}\)

प्रश्न 4.
दो सिक्के एक साथ उछाले जाते हैं। निम्नलिखित के प्राप्त होने की प्रायिकता क्या है?
(i) कम-से-कम एक पट
(ii) अधिक-से-अधिक दो चित।
हल
दो सिक्कों की उछाल में प्रतिदर्श समष्टि
S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
(i) कम-से-कम एक पट आने की घटना
E₁ = {TH, HT, TT}
इसकी प्रायिकता P(E₁) = \(\frac{n(E)}{n(S)}=\frac{3}{4}\)

(ii) अधिक-से-अधिक दो चित आने की घटना
E₂ = {HH, HT, TH, TT} = S
अतः अभीष्ट प्रायिकता P(E₂) = \(\frac{n(E)}{n(S)}=\frac{4}{4}=1\)

प्रश्न 5.
एक थैले में 2 लाल, 3 सफेद और 4 नीले कंचे हैं। यदि इस थैले में से एक कंचा यदृच्छया निकाला जाता है तो इसकी क्या प्रायिकता होगी कि यह कंचा-
(i) सफेद है?
(ii) लाल है?
हल
थैले में कुल कंचे = 2 + 3 + 4 = 9 = n(S)
(i) सफेद कंचे = 3 = n(E₁)
सफेद कंचा निकालने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{n\left(E_{1}\right)}{n(S)}=\frac{3}{9}=\frac{1}{3}\)

(ii) थैले में लाल कंचे = 2 = n(E₂)
लाल कंचा निकालने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{n\left(E_{2}\right)}{n(S)}=\frac{2}{9}\)

प्रश्न 6.
एक बॉक्स में 20 गेंदें हैं, जिनमें 1, 2, 3, ….., 20 अंक लिखे गए हैं। बॉक्स में से एक गेंद निकाली जाती है। प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए कि गेंद पर लिखी संख्या
(i) 3 से विभाज्य है
(ii) 3 से विभाज्य नहीं है।
हल
(i) गेंदों की कुल संख्या = 20
यदि एक गेंद यदृच्छया निकाली जाती है तो कुल सम्भव परिणाम = (1, 2, 3,…., 20) = 20
इन परिणामों में से 3 से विभाज्य संख्याएँ = (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18) = 6
अत: गेंद पर लिखी संख्या के 3 से विभाज्य होने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{6}{20}=\frac{3}{10}\)

(ii) प्रायिकता कि गेंद पर लिखी संख्या 3 से विभाज्य है + प्रायिकता कि गेंद पर लिखी संख्या 3 से विभाज्य नहीं है = 1
⇒ \(\frac{3}{10}\) + प्रायिकता कि गेंद पर लिखी संख्या 3 से विभाज्य नहीं है = 1
⇒ प्रायिकता कि गेंद पर लिखी संख्या 3 से विभाज्य नहीं है = 1 – \(\frac{3}{10}\) = \(\frac{7}{10}\)

दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
एक पेटी में 30 डिस्क हैं जिन पर 1 से 30 तक की संख्याएँ अंकित हैं। यदि इस पेटी में से एक डिस्क यदृच्छया निकाली जाती है तो इसकी प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए कि इस डिस्क पर अंकित होगी :
(i) दो अंकों की एक संख्या
(ii) एक पूर्ण वर्ग संख्या।
हल
विश्लेषण : चित्र में 30 डिस्क दिखाई गई हैं प्रत्येक डिस्क पर 1 से 30 तक की कोई एक संख्या अंकित है। कोई संख्या न तो विलुप्त है और न दोहराई गई (दुबारा लिखी गई) है।
इन डिस्क्स को एक पेटी में रखा गया है।
पेटी में से एक डिस्क यदृच्छया निकाली जाती है।
डिस्क पर अंकित संख्या के लिए,

कुल सम्भावित परिणाम = 30
(i) यदृच्छया चुनी डिस्क पर अंकित संख्या दो अंकों की हो; इस घटना के अनुकूल परिणाम = 21
दो अंकों वाली संख्याएँ = 21
अत: निकाली डिस्क पर दो अंकों वाली संख्या अंकित होने की प्रायिकता

(ii) यदृच्छया चुनी डिस्क पर पूर्ण वर्ग संख्या अंकित हो। घटना के अनुकूल परिणाम = 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, कुल 5 परिणाम हैं।
अत: निकाली गई डिस्क पर पूर्ण वर्ग संख्या अंकित होने की प्रायिकता

प्रश्न 2.
कार्ड, जिन पर 5 से 50 तक की संख्याएँ अंकित हैं, एक बॉक्स में रखकर अच्छी तरह से मिलाए जाते हैं। तब बॉक्स में से एक कार्ड यदच्छया निकाला गया। निकाले गए कार्ड पर निम्न के आने की प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए :
(i) 10 से छोटी एक अभाज्य संख्या।
(ii) एक पूर्ण वर्ग संख्या।
हल
बॉक्स में रखे कार्ड्स पर अंकित कुल संख्याएँ प्रतिदर्श

∴ n(S) = 46
प्रतिदर्श समष्टि S में,
10 से छोटी अभाज्य संख्याएँ = 5 व 7 और ⇒ n(A) = 2
पूर्ण वर्ग संख्याएँ = 9, 16, 25, 36, 49 ⇒ n(E) = 5
(i) निकाले गए कार्ड पर 10 से छोटी अभाज्य संख्या अंकित होने की घटना A हो तो n(A) = 2
अत: बॉक्स से यदृच्छया निकाले गए कार्ड पर 10 से छोटी संख्या अंकित होने की प्रायिकता
\(P(A)=\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{2}{46}=\frac{1}{23}\)

(ii) जब बॉक्स में से यदृच्छया एक कार्ड निकाला जाए और निकाले गए कार्ड पर अंकित संख्या के पूर्ण वर्ग होने की घटना E हो तो n(E) = 5
अतः निकाले गए कार्ड पर पूर्ण वर्ग संख्या अंकित होने की प्रायिकता,
\(P(E)=\frac{n(E)}{n(S)}=\frac{5}{46}\)

प्रश्न 3.
एक पिग्गी बैंक (Piggy Bank) में, ₹ 2 के 30 सिक्के, ₹ 5 के 20 सिक्के और ₹ 10 के 10 सिक्के हैं। यदि पिग्गी बैंक को हिलाकर उल्टा करने पर कोई एक सिक्का गिरने के परिणाम समप्रायिक हैं तो इसकी क्या प्रायिकता है कि वह गिरा हुआ सिक्का
(i) ₹ 2 का होगा?
(ii) ₹ 10 का नहीं होगा?
हल
₹ 2 के सिक्कों की संख्या = 30
₹ 5 के सिक्कों की संख्या = 20
₹ 10 के सिक्कों की संख्या = 10
पिग्गी बैंक को अच्छी तरह हिलाकर उल्टा करने पर 1 सिक्का गिरने की घटना के सभी परिणाम सम-सम्भावी हैं, तब
(i) यदि गिरा हुआ सिक्का ₹ 2 का होने की घटना H हो, तो
घटना H के अनुकूल परिणाम = 30
तथा कुल सम्भव परिणाम = 30 + 20 + 10 = 60
अत: गिरा हुआ सिक्का ₹ 2 का हो, इसकी प्रायिकता
P(H) = \(\frac{30}{60}=\frac{1}{2}\)

(ii) गिरा हुआ सिक्का ₹ 10 का होने के अनुकूल परिणाम 10 हैं।
गिरा हुआ सिक्का ₹ 10 का होने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{10}{60}=\frac{1}{6}\)
अत: गिरा हुआ सिक्का ₹ 10 का न होने की प्रायिकता = 1 – \(\frac{1}{6}\) = \(\frac{5}{6}\)