Category: Class 9

Get Updated Bihar Board Class 9th English Book Solutions in PDF Format and download them free of cost. Bihar Board Class 9 English Book Solutions Prose Chapter 1 Dharam Juddha Questins and Answers provided are as per the latest exam pattern and syllabus. Access the topics of Panorama English Book Class 9 Solutions Chapter 1 Dharam Juddha through the direct links available depending on the need. Clear all your queries on the Class 9 English Subject by using the Bihar Board Solutions for Chapter 1 Dharam Juddha existing.

Panorama English Book Class 9 Solutions Chapter 1 Dharam Juddha

If you are eager to know about the Bihar Board Solutions of Class 9 English Chapter 1 Dharam Juddha Questins and Answers you will find all of them here. You can identify the knowledge gap using these Bihar Board Class 9 English Solutions PDF and plan accordingly. Don’t worry about the accuracy as they are given after extensive research by people having subject knowledge alongside from the latest English Textbooks.

Bihar Board Class 9 English Dharam Juddha Text Book Questions and Answers

A. Answer the following questions very briefly.

Dharam Juddha Class 9 Question Answer Bihar Board Question 1.
What was the question that the Padma wanted to know from her parents?
Answer:
The Padma wanted to know from her parents what the identity of a woman was and how she was different from others.

Dharam Juddha Question Answer Bihar Board Class 9 English Question 2.
How many brother and sister did the Padma have?
Answer:
The Padma was the only child of her parents. She had no brother and sister.

Dharam Juddha In Hindi Bihar Board Class 9 English Question 3.
Why was the Padma unhappy with her father?
Answer:
The Padma was unhappy with her father as she thought that he cared more for money than for her.

Dharam Juddha Class 9 In Hindi Bihar Board Question 4.
For whom is life hell according to Padma’s mother?
Answer:
According to Padma’s mother, life is hell for the women whose husband is dead.

Question 5.
What, according to the Padma, is the identity of the human race?
Answer:
According to the Padma, the identity of the human race is the identity of women.

C. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
‘Father cares more for money than for me’. Why does the Padma say so? Have you felt like the Padma? Explain.
Answer:
The Padma says so because she feels her father lacking in emotion towards her. He is always behind earning money. She feels unhappy with him for her neglect. According to Padma her father gives more importance to money than to her. Occasionally I feel like the Padma when my parents do not listen to my talk and they do not give proper care and attention. I find that my demand is ignored and I feel that I am no more than a commodity to my parents and an object to gratify their sense of achievement. They lack personal feelings and emotions for me.

Question 2.
What, according to Padma’s father, is the identity of a woman? Do you agree with him?
Answer:
According to Padma’s father marriage lends identity to a woman. A woman’s identity depends on the identity of her husband. I do not agree with this point. Women play a complementary and important role in the life of men. Nature has gifted them with special attributes so that the human race would continue to grow to prosper. Thus while men have been endowed with virile strength, women are endowed with human sensibilities and emotion like love. Compassion and caring. These are extremely vital for the upbringing of the future generation. Who is the hope of tomorrow? Their contribution to the field of education, doctors, nurses or a social worker. They provide health care facilities to the community. Their contributions are indeed their identity.

Question 3.
What question did the Padma ask that her mother calls senseless? Why did Padma’s mother call it senseless? Explain.
Answer:
The question that the Padma asked her mother, “what if one does not get married?” Padma’s mother was a devotee lade. She knew’ that for a woman husband is everything without a husband a woman life is like a hell so when the Padma asked the question repeatedly she called it senseless.

Question 4.
What is the injustice that the Padma talked about?
Answer:
The Padma calls it an injustice when her mother tells that life is hell for the woman whose husband is dead. She hates such idea of woman’s identity.

Question 5.
Sketch the character of Padma.
Answer:
The Padma is a young girl with a modem outlook. She is observed of all observers. She is the centre of the play. She is educated and advanced she is independent in thinking and has a strong personality. She does not suffer from any sense of inferiority or fear complex that is why she feels aggrieved and agitated by the uncharitably orthodox attitude of the society towards women. She repeatedly questions her parents and her teacher about the right and the identity of a woman and asks them whether her identity is subject to her marriage. She wants equality and justice for the woman.

Question 6.
Padma’s mother is the true image of a typical traditional woman. Elaborate,
Answer:
The word tradition, however, means, unwritten beliefs and customs handed down from generation to generation, which we all knowingly or unknowingly adhere to in our daily lives. It is the emotional fabric, which binds us to our fore-lather and makes us distinct from one another.
Padma’s mother is the true image of a typical traditional woman. She loves her daughter and her husband truly. She does not believe in the independent identity of a woman without her husband she does not think herself different from her husband, she thinks, that her identity is linked with her husband and she cherishes the bond. She strongly believes that a woman without a husband has no existence and for a widow life is a hell. She also believes that a woman has no right to ask odd questions from her husband. Thus, Padma’s mother proves herself a complete Indian traditional woman.

Question 7.
Discuss the main idea contained in the text?
Answer:
The main idea contained in the text is an enquiry into the identity of the woman and search for justice and the right of equality for her. The Padma is a young girl and a feminist with the modern outlook. She opposes traditional beliefs and questions to her parents about the identity of a woman. She is progressive in her thinking. She wants to enjoy equal rights and should have identity of her own. She does not want to be dependent on marriage or her husband for her identity.

Question 8.
Why is the lesson culled “Dharam Juddha”? Give reasons.
Answer:
The lesson has been titled Dharam Juddha which reminds the Mahabharata war between the Kauravas and the Pandavas. Lord Krishna encouraged Arjuna to fight against his Guru and grandfather for his rights. It was called Dharam Juddha a war for righteousness. Here is also a war of justice and rights of equality of a woman. The Padma fights for a woman in modern ways whereas her parents are of on traditional path. The Padma wants woman’s independent… identity in society. So It is just like a war of right and equality. So the title is ‘Dharam Juddha’ is correct.

A. Work in small groups and discuss the following:

Question 1.
What forms the identity of a woman in society?
Answer:
I think the woman in free India enjoys perfect equality with man. She is no longer a slave. She is no longer at the mercy of a man. She has a voice in shaping the destiny of the nation. We have women in different roles as administrators, ambassador, governors, leaders, minters, doctors teachers, officers, educationists and even in defence services. They are proving good in every field of work. They have on their side brain beauty and personality. They are sweet, soft and peace-loving. You may see them in the forms, said above.

Question 2.
How is marriage related to the identity of a woman?
Answer:
The present social, customs and practices also determinate against her I thus after marriage, she has to adopt the surname of her spouse and move in with him. What title she had of her identity, is also lost after marriage. She is also divided her share in parental property. But she only was known as the housewife of a particular house and the wife of a particular person of a family, she is considered the builder of the nation. She enriches society. and help in the growth and development of the country. Cheat men are known to their mothers. All great men and their autobiographies have acknowledged the fact that behind every successful man there is a woman. Thus it is clear that marriage is related to the succession of men. It is her great identity.

Question 3.
An unmarried man is venerated and called a saint, while an unmarried woman is called immoral and wanton. Is it justified?
Answer:
If a man decides to remain unmarried, he is considered a saint and is also regarded as a sacred man, his character is also considered sacred. He now becomes a holy man. On the other hand, if a woman remains unmarried she is called immortal and wanton. Her character is suspected in society. She is not respected Gdike a holy man. It is not justified according to the author. So he pleads for equal treatment.

Question 4.
Both men and women are equally important for human society. Do you agree?
Answer:
Yes, I wholeheartedly agree that both men and women are equally important for human society. Behind every successful! man, there is a woman. All great men in their autobiographies have acknowledged this fact. Woman today play a complementary and important role in the life of men and thus in human society. Nature has gifted them with special attributes so that the human race would continue to grow and prosper. Thus while men have been endowed with virile strength, women are endowed with human sensibilities and emotion like love, compassion and caring. These extremely vital for the upbringing of the future generation, who are the hope of tomorrow. They are the fulcrums around which the family and our lives revolve. Thus a wife, mother, sister they play an indispensable part in the life of men. So like men, they are equally important for human society.

Question 5.
‘Man and women should have equal rights’. Discuss.
Answer:
Undoubtedly, men and women should have equal right in all respects. The need of the hour is not to question this reality, but to devise ways and means to ameliorate their lot. The Government has taken many steps to give women a fair deal. Marriage customs are rapidly changing. A social atmosphere is being created to abolish dowry. It must, however, be admitted that freedom has distributed its blessing mainly among the woman belonging to rich classes in society. But the majority of women are still backward and superstitious. By the government, the women have been given the same rights as are enjoyed by men. Some of them are bringing honour and glory to India by serving the country wholeheartedly.

Question 6.
“The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world”. Elaborate.
Answer:
This prover runs regarding women. As a mother, she inculcated spiritual and moral values in the child. Outside home, she moulds the destiny of the children as teacher, counsellor and guide. As doctors, nurses or a social worker, she provides health care facilities to the community. Their contributions are indeed invaluable for the well-being, growth and economic development of society and the country. She played a crucial role in men’s life no doubt, as a mother. Thus in all crucial matters pertaining to property, or ascendance to the throne, it was the son who inherited the property or the throne.

Question 3.
‘Women in India are underprivileged’. Elaborate.
Answer:
Women in India are underprivileged. We like it or not and no matter what facts and figures we may quote, the facts remain that the fruits of development have not reached them in the measure that it should have. They constitute nearly one half of the population of the country and therefore, no real development can take place without their involvement and participation. It is indeed a matter of concern that after more than sixty years of independence, they continue to live an underprivileged existence more like a second class citizen. We may have done away with Sati Pratha and the Pardah system. But evils like dowry and female infanticide continue to thrive in our society even in age of enlightenment. This is why a girl child is looked upon as a burden for her parents. This discrimination does not anger well for the growth and development of the country. Immediate steps are called for ameliorating their lot, by providing them with free education and ensuring their economic independence.

Comprehension Based Questions with Answers

1. Padma: Mother, what is the identity of a woman?
Maa: Why do you ask that?
Padma: How am I different from others?
Maa: You are my daughter, our only child and your . father’s darling.
Padma: Father cares more for money than for me. It takes a heart to bestow love.
Maa: For whom does he save? He does all this only for your sake. You shouldn’t think that I’ve no heart.
Padma: But I didn’t say it of you.
Maa: I am not in any way different from him. My identity is linked with his and I cherish the bond.

Questions:

1. What is the relation between the talkers?
2. Who is the daughter?
3. What does she ask her mother?
4. Who is darling and whose?
5. What does the daughter feel about her father?
6. What is the reply of the mother?

Answers:

1. The talkers are mother and daughter.
2. The Padma is the daughter.
3. She asks from her mother what the identity of a woman is.
4. The Padma is darling of her father.
5. The daughter feels that her father cares more for money than for her which takes a heart to bestow love.
6. The mother replies that her father saves money for her only daughter, Padma.

2. Father: What is this talk about the bond, Padma’s mother?
Maa: Here is your father. Ask him whatever you want to know.
Father: What’s it. my child?
Maa: She wants to know what is the identity of a woman.
Father: You will know it, dear, when you are married.
Padma: Does marriage lend identity to a woman?
Maa: What is a woman without a husband?
Padma: What if one does not get married?
Maa: Why do you always ask such senseless questions?
Padma: What about a woman whose husband is dead?
Maa: Life is hell for her.
Padma: That’s injustice!

Questions:

1. Who enters?
2. What does he ask and from whom?
3. What does the daughter want to know from her father?
4. What do her fathers reply?
5. Find out from the lesson which means ‘unjust’.

Answers:

1. Padma’s fathers enter.
2. He asks from Padma’s mother what that talk is about the bond.
3. The daughter wants to know from her father what the identity of a woman is.
4. Her father replies that she would know the fact when she is married.
5. Injustice.

3. Maa: You needn’t talk of justice and injustice here.
Padma: Why?
Maa: Over here women don’t have the right to ask questions.
Padma: What right do they have then?
Father: Rights are for equals, dear.
Padma: Why is a home considered a place for bargain¬ing? One shouldn’t live in such a place.
Father: You will get the same replies to these questions wherever you go.
Padma: But the identity of a woman is the identity of the human race. A society sans women…
Father: That’s why they say that marriage lends this identity.
Padma: So if a girl does not get married she has no identity! Why is it that an unmarried man is venerated and called a saint while an unmarried woman is called immoral and wanton?

Questions:

1. ‘A home is like a’… What type of place is, according to the Padma?
2. Is she considering the house a living place?
3. What is the identity of the human race?
4. What is the difference between an unmarried man and an unmarried woman?
5. Find a word in the passage which means ‘unchaste’.

Answers:

1. According to Padma a home is considered a place for bargaining!
2. No, such a home is not a living place for the Padma.
3. The identity of a woman is the identity of the human race.
4. An unmarried man is venerated and called a saint but an unmarried woman is called immoral and wanton.
5. Wanton.

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Get Updated Bihar Board Class 9th English Book Solutions in PDF Format and download them free of cost. Bihar Board Class 9 English Book Solutions Prose Chapter 8 My Childhood Questions and Answers provided are as per the latest exam pattern and syllabus. Access the topics of Panorama English Book Class 9 Solutions Chapter 8 My Childhood through the direct links available depending on the need. Clear all your queries on the Class 9 English Subject by using the Bihar Board Solutions for Chapter 8 My Childhood existing.

Panorama English Book Class 9 Solutions Chapter 8 My Childhood

If you are eager to know about the Bihar Board Solutions of Class 9 English Chapter 8 My Childhood Questions and Answers you will find all of them here. You can identify the knowledge gap using these Bihar Board Class 9 English Solutions PDF and plan accordingly. Don’t worry about the accuracy as they are given after extensive research by people having subject knowledge alongside from the latest English Textbooks.

Bihar Board Class 9 English My Childhood Text Book Questions and Answers

A. Answer the following questions orally:

Question 1.
Who is the only scientist to have become the President of India?
Answer:
Dr A. P. J. Abdul Kalam is the only, scientist to have become the president of India.

Question 2.
Name any three scholars who have been the present of India?
Answer:
Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Dr. S.P. Radha Krishnan, Dr. Zakir Hussain.

Question 3.
Who is called the Missile man of India?
Answer:
Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam is called the Missile man of India.

Question 4.
Do you remember any childhood experience of your own? If yes, narrate your experience.
Answer:
When I was a child, it so happened that I was in a morning walk with my father. I had a glance at a beautiful park in front of a big house. There were so many beautiful flowers of different colours. I had a kind of weakness for rose flowers. So I sneaked into the garden to get a few flowers. No sooner did I enter the garden, a fierce-looking dog pounced upon me. He started barking and I started screaming. I was trying to save myself. When the lady of the house came rushing and saved me. She did not scold me but advised me not to enter any one’s garden without the master’s permission. I realised it was my great experience.

B.1.1. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements:

1. Kalam was born in a high-class family.
2. Kalam was eight years old when the Second World War broke out.
3. India joined the Allied Forces.
4. Jalaluddin helped Kalam earn his first wages.
5. Kalam is now ashamed of how he earned his own money for the first time.
6. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was born in a Tamil family at Rameswaram in Madras.

Answer:

1. — F
2. — T
3. — T
4. — F
5. — F
6. — T

B.1.2. Answer the following questions very briefly:

Question 1.
Who were the parents of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam?
Answer:
Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s father was Jainulabdeen and mother was Ashiamma.

Question 2.
When was his ancestral house built?
Answer:
His ancestral house was built in the middle of the nineteenth century.

Question 3.
When did the Second World War break out?
Answer:
The Second World War broke out in 1939 A.D.

B.2.1. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements:

1. Kalam had three close friends: Ramanadha Sastry, Aravindan and Siva Prakasan.
2. All the three boys were from orthodox Hindu Brahmin families.
3. The ancestral business of their family was cooking.
4. Events from the Ramayana and from the life of the Prophet were the bedtime stories that his mother and grandmother used to tell the children.

Answer:

1. — T
2. — T
3. — F
4. — T

B. 2.2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the text:

1. Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry was the high _________ of Rameshwaram Temple.
2. During the annual ________ Ceremony our family used to arrange boats for a special platform for carrying idols from the temple to the marriage site.
3. Kalam used to wear _________ which marked him as Muslim.
4. He used to sit in front ________ next to Ramanadha Sastry.

Answer:

1. priest
2. Shri Sita Ram Kalyanam
3. a cap.
4. row.

B. 2. 3. Answer the following questions very briefly:

Question 1.
What qualities did he inherit from his parents?
Answer:
He inherited honesty and self-discipline from his father and from his mother. He inherited faith in goodness and deep kindness.

Question 2.
What was the occupation of his family?
Answer:
His family used to arrange boats with a special platform for carrying idols of the lord from the temple to the marriage site.

Question 3.
How did the new teacher behave with Kalam and what did he do?
Answer:
The new teacher could not stomach a Hindu priest’s son sitting with a Muslim boy. He asked Kalam to go and sit on the backbench.

Question 4.
What profession did his three friends adopt on growing adult?
Answer:
Ramnadha Sastry took over the priesthood of the Rameswaram temple from his father. Arvind went into the business of arranging transport for visiting Pilgrims and Sivaprakasan became a catering contractor for the Southern Railways.

Question 5.
How many brothers and sisters did Kalam have?
Answer:
Kalam has three brothers and one sister.

B.3.1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the text:

1. Kalam’s father Jainulabdeen possessed great ________ wisdom and a true _______ of sprit.
2. The Second World War broke out in _________
3. Rameswaram. his birthplace, is an ________
4. He had a very secure ________ both materially and emotionally.
5. Samsuddin helped Kalam to _________ his first wages.
6. Kalam’s ancestral house was built in the middle of _______ century.

Answer:

1. innate, generosity
2. 1939
3. island town,
4. childhood
5. cam
6. nineteenth (19th).

B.3.2. Answer the following questions briefly.

Question 1.
Point out the modes and manners of Sivasubramania Iyer, Kalam’s Science teacher?
Answer:
Kalam’s Science teacher Sivasubramaria Iyer did his best to break social barriers so that people from varying backgrounds could mingle easily. He used to spend hours with Kalam and even invite him for a meal in his house.

Question 2.
Who was the eleventh President of India?
Answer:
Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was the eleventh President of India.

Question 3.
Who was the man whose projects in space, defence and nuclear technology guided India into the twenty-first century?
Answer:
Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam projects in space, defence and nuclear technology guided India into the twenty-first century.

Question 4.
Where did Kalam go for his higher studies after leaving Rameswaram?
Answer:
Kalam went at the district headquarters in Ramanathapuram for his higher studies after leaving Rameswaram.

B.3.3. Answer the following questions very briefly:

Question 1.
Why did Sivasubramania Iyer invite Kalam to his house? What was the reaction of Iyer’s wife?
Answer:
Sivasubramania Iyer Kalam’s science teacher invited Kalam to his house for a meal. Iyer, though an orthodox Brahmin with a very conservative wife. He wanted people to develop religious tolerance.

Question 2.
When was India’s freedom declared imminent?
Answer:
Indian freedom was declared imminent when the Sec¬ond World War was over.

C. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Elucidate the circumstances leading to a materially and emotionally secured childhood of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.
Answer:
Kalam was one of the live children of his parents. They lived in their ancestral house which was fairly a packhouse. his father used o avoid all inessential comforts and luxuries. However, all necessities were provided for, in terms of food, medicine or clothes. In lad, he would say he was a very secure childhood both materially and emotionally.

Question 2.
Describe the circumstances which helped Kalam in earning his first wages during the outbreak of the Second World War.
Answer:
It was the time of the Second World War. India was forced to join the Allied Forces and a kind of a state of emergency was declared. As a result, the train halt at Rameswaram was suspended. The bundles of newspapers were thrown out of the moving train. They had to be collected. Now, Abdul Kalam’s cousin Samsuddin wanted a helping hand to catch the bundles. So, he engaged Abdul for this job and helped him earn his first wages. Abdul felt a great surge of pride when he earned his own money for the first time. He was beside himself with joy.

Question 3.
What relationship did Kalam have with his three friends- Ramanadha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan.
Answer:
Kalam had three close friends-Ramanadha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan to his childhood. These boys were from orthodox Hindu Brahmin families. As children, none of them ever felt any difference amongst themselves because of their religious differences and upbringing. At school when Abdul was looked utterly downcast, Ramanadha felt much and wept. The feeling was great.

Question 4.
Describe the circumstances that led to Kalam’s punishment by his new teacher when he was in standard fifth.
Answer:
When Kalam was in the standard fifth then a new teacher came. He found a Muslim student sitting beside a Hindu student. He could not stomach a Hindu priest’s son sitting with a Muslim boy. In accordance with his social ranking as a new teacher saw it. He was asked to go and sit on the backbench.

Question 5.
How was the teacher compelled to withdraw the punishment inflicted on A. P.J. Abdul Kalam?
Answer:
Lakshman Sastry summoned the teacher, and in the presence of the children and their parents, he told the teacher that he should not spread the poison of social inequality and communal intolerance in the minds of innocent children. He bluntly asked the teacher to either apologise or quit school. The teacher realised it and thus he was compelled to withdraw his fault.

Question 6.
How did Kalam’s science teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer, try to break social barriers in the small town of Rameswaram?
Answer:
Kalam’s science teacher Sivasubramania Iyer invited Kalam to have a meal in his house. His wife was very upset to sec a Muslim boy in her kitchen and did not help her husband. She was an orthodox woman. She hated him. The science teacher himself serve the boy and sat beside him for his meal. In fact, lie tried to light against the social harries in the small town of Rameswaram. Next time when Kalam visited the teacher’s house his wife took him inside her kitchen and served him food with her own hands. Thus he tried to break social barriers in the small town of Rameswaram.

Comprehension Based Questions with Answers

1. I was born into a middle-class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile Madras State. My father, Jainulabdeen, had neither much formal education nor much wealth; despite these disadvantages, he possessed great innate wisdom and true generosity of spirit. He had an ideal helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma. I do not recall the exact number of people she fed every day, but I am quite, certain that far more outsiders ate with us than all the members of our own family put together.
I was one of many children – a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to tall handsome parents. We lived in our ancestral house, which was built in the middle of the nineteenth century. It was a fairly large pucca. house, made of limestone and brick, on the Mosque Street in Rameswaram. My austere father used to avoid all inessential comforts and luxuries. However, all necessities were provided for, in terms of food, medicine or clothes. In fact, I would say mine was a very secure childhood, both materially and emotionally.

Questions:

1. Name the lesson and its author?
2. Mention two qualities of Abdul’s father?
3. Who was Ashima and what did she do for her husband?
4. Which expression shows.that the writer was not a handsome boy?
5. How can you say that Abdul’s father was an austere man?
6. What material protection did the writer have as a child?
7. Which words in the passage mean the following
   (a) plain and simple
   (b) large-heartedness.

Answers:

1. The name of this lesson is My Childhood and its author is Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.
2. Abdul’s father was wise and generous.
3. Ashima was the wife of Abdul Kalam’s father. She helped her husband. She fed many people other than her family every day.
4. The expression — ’a short boy with rather undistinguished looks’ shows that the writer was not a handsome boy.
5. He used to avoid all unnecessary comforts and luxuries. This shows that he was an austere man.
6. He got all the necessities – food, medicine and clothes. It shows that he was materially protected.
7. (a) austere
   (b) generous.

2. second World War broke out in 1939 when I was eight years old. For reasons I have never been able to understand, a sudden demand for tamarind seeds erupted in the market. I used to collect the seeds and sell them to a provision shop on Mosque Street. A day’s collection would fetch me the princely sum of one anna. My brother-in-law Jallaluddin would tell me stories about the War which I would later attempt to trace in the headlines in Dinamani. Our area, being isolated, was completely unaffected by the War. But soon India was forced to join the Allied Forces and something like a state of emergency was declared. The first casualty came in the form of the suspension of the train halt at Rameswararq station: The newspapers now had to be bundled and thrown out from the moving train on the Rameswaram Road between Rameswaram and Dhanus Rodi that forced my cousin Samsuddin, who distributed newspapers in Rameswaram, to look for a helping hand to catch the bundles and, as if naturally, I filled the slot. Samsuddin helped me earn my first wages. Half a century later, lean still feel the surge of pride in earning my own money for the first time.

Questions:

1. Name the countries that made the Allied forces?
2. What was the casualty?
3. What does ‘filled the slot’ imply?
4. What was the writer’s first job in life?
5. Which word/words in the passage mean the following?
   (a) shortstop
   (b) assistance.

Answers:

1. The four countries, the U.K., Russia, France and the U.S.A formed the Allied Forces.
2. The halt of train at Rameswaram had been suspended.
3. ‘Filled the slot’ implies fitting into the situation.
4. The writer’s first job was to catch the bundles of news-papers from running train.
5. (a) halt
   (b) helping hand.

3. Every child is born, with some inherited characteristics, into a specific socio-economic and emotional environment, and trained in certain ways by figures of authority. I inherited honesty and self-discipline from my father; from my mother, I inherited faith in goodness and deep kindness and so did my three brothers and sister. I had three close friends in my childhood-Ramanadha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan. All these boys were from orthodox Hindu Brahmin families. As children, none of us ever felt any difference amongst ourselves because of our religious differences and upbringing. In fact, Ramanadha Sastry was the son of Pakshi, Lakshmana Sastry, the high priest of The Rameshwaram Temple, later he took over the priesthood of Rameswaram temple from his father; Aravindan went into the “business of arranging transport for visiting pilgrims; and Sivaprakasan became a catering contractor for the Southern Railways.

Questions:

1. Who do ‘figures of authority’ stand for in the first sentence?
2. Mention four qualities of character that the writer inherited from his parents.
3. Who were Abdul Kalam’s friends?
4. Which religion did the writer’s friends belong to?
5. Which words in the passage mean the opposite of
   (a) common
   (b) disbelief.

Answers:

1. The figures of authority’ here stand for the responsible elders of the family or society.
2. The writer inherited-from his parents- ‘self-discipline, honesty, faith in goodness and kindness’.
3. Abdul Kalam’s three fast friends were-Ramanaiha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan.
4. Writer’s trends belong to Hindu religion.
5. Opposites of common are ‘specific’ and ‘disbelief is ‘faith’.

4. During the annual Shri Sita Rama Kalyanam ceremony, our family used to arrange boats with a special platform for carrying idols of the Lord from the temple to the marriage site, situated in the middle of the pond called Rama Tirtha which was near our house. Events from the Ramayana and from the life of the Prophet were the bedtime stories my mother and grandmother would tell the children in our family. One day when I was in the fifth standard at Rameswaram Elementary School, a new teacher came to our class. I used to wear a cap which marked me as a Muslim, and I always sat in the front row next to Ramanadha Sastry, who wore the sacred thread. The new teacher could not stomach a Hindu priest’s son sitting with a Muslim boy. In accordance with our social ranking as the new teacher saw it, I was asked to go and sit on the backbench. I felt very sad, and so did Ramanadha Sastry. He looked utterly downcast as I shifted to my seat in the last row. The image of him weeping when I shifted to the last row left a lasting impression on me.

Questions:

1. What did Abdul’s family do on the annual Shri Sita Ram Kalyanam ceremony?
2. Who did tell Abdul Rama’s story?
3. What does ‘could not stomach’ imply here?
4. What could the new teacher not stomach?
5. What was the reaction of the writer and his friend when the writer was asked to sit separately on the backbench?
6. Which image of Ramanadha Sastry could the writer never forget?
7. Which words in the passage mean the following:
   (a) very sad
   (b) something you can never forget.

Answers:

1. During the annual Shri Sita Ram Kalyanam ceremony, Kalam’s family used to arrange boats with a special platform for carrying idols of the Lord from the temple to the marriage site in the middle of the pond called Rama Tirtha.
2. Abdul’s mother and grandmother would tell him the stories of Ramayana.
3. It implies ‘could not tolerate’ here.
4. He could not stomach that a Muslim boy would sit with the son of a Hindu priest.
5. Both my friends felt very sad.
6. The writer could never forget the image of weeping Ramanathan.
7. (a) utterly downcast
   (b) lasting

5. After school, we went home and told our respective parents about the incident. Lakshmana Sastry Summoned the teacher, and in our presence, told the teacher that he should not spread the poison of social inequality and communal intolerance in the minds of innocent children. He bluntly asked the teacher to either apologise or quit school. The teacher did not regret his behaviour, but the strong sense of conviction Lakshmana Sastry conveyed ultimately reformed this young teacher.

Questions:

1. Which incident is referred to here?
2. What did the new teacher do?
3. What did Lakshman Sastry ask the new teacher to do?
4. What was the effect of Lakshman Sastry’s words and action on the new teacher?
5. Which words in the passage mean the following:
   (a) belief
   (b) feel sorry.

Answers:

1. The incident referred to here is when the new teacher asked Abdul Kalam to sit separately from his friend and shift to the back row.
2. He spread the poison of social inequality and communal intolerance among innocent children.
3. He asked him either to beg pardon or leave the school rather the island.
4. The new teacher realised his mistake and changed his attitude thus he was reformed.
5. (a) conviction
   (b) regret.

6. On the whole, the small society of Rameswaram was very rigid in terms of the segregation of different social groups. However, my science teacher Sivasubramania Iyer, though an orthodox Brahmin with a very conservative wife, was something of a rebel. He did his best to break social barriers so that people from varying backgrounds could mingle easily. He used to spend hours with me and would say, “Kalam, I want you to develop so that you are on par with the highly educated people of the big cities.”

Questions:

1. Which expression shows that the society of Rameswaram believed in having differed social groups?
2. In which sense the writer’s science teacher was a rebel?
3. What did the science teacher do?
4. What did he want Abdul Kalam to grow up as?
5. Which word? in the passage mean the following?
   (a) boundaries
   (b) not openminded.

Answers:

1. The expression – ‘very rigid in terms of segregation of different social groups shows that the society of Rameswaram believed in having different social groups.
2. He did not believe in separate social groups. He wanted them to break up and the people to mix up among themselves.
3. He tried to break up the social boundaries and bring the people of different social groups together.
4. He wanted him to develop and be equal to the highly educated people of the cities.
5. (a) barries
   (b) conservative.

7. One day, he invited me to him for a meal. His wife Was horrified at the idea of a Muslim boy being invited to dine in her ritually pure kitchen. She refused to serve me in her kitchen. Sivasubramania Iyer was not perturbed, nor did he get angry with his wife, but instead, served me with his own hands and sat down beside me to eat his meal. His wife watched us from behind the kitchen door. I wondered whether she had observed any difference in the way I ate rice, drank water or cleaned the floor after the meal. When I was leaving his house, Sivasubramania Iyer invited me to join him for dinner again the next weekend. Observing my hesitation, he told me not to get upset, saying, “Once you decide to change the system, such problems have to be confronted.” When I visited his house the next week, Sivasubramania Iyer’s wife took me inside her kitchen and served me food with her own hands. Then the Second World War was over and India’s freedom was imminent. “Indians will build their own India,” declared Gandhiji. The whole country was filled with unprecedented optimism. I asked my father for permission to leave Rameswaram and study at the district headquarters in Ramanathapuram.

Questions:

1. How can you say that the writer was invited to dinner before also?
2. Why was the writer hesitant to accept the invitation the second time?
3. What different did Abdul Kalam find when he went for dinner in Mr. Iyer’s house the second time?
4. What was the hope of the Indian people after the Second World War ended?
5. What did Gandhiji declare?
6. Which words in the passage mean the following :
   (a) faced
   (b) unwillingness.

Answers:

1. The use of the word ‘again’ show that he was invited to dinner before also.
2. His previous experience showed that he was not a welcome guest for his wife so he hesitated to accept the invitation for the dinner second time.
3. His science teacher’s wife who on the previous occasion had refused to a Muslim guest that too in her kitchen. This time served him food with her own hands in her kitchen.
4. Indians hoped that soon India would get her freedom.
5. Gandhiji declared “Indians will build their own India.”
6. (a) confronted
   (b) hesitation.

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Bihar Board Class 9 English Grammar Translation

Question 1.
Translate into English:

1. मेरा बड़ा भाई पटना में रहता है।
2. पटना बिहार की राजधानी है।
3. यह गंगा नदी के किनारे बसा हुआ है।
4. यहाँ की सड़कें पक्की एवं चौड़ी हैं।
5. यह एक पुराना शहर है।
6. प्राचीन काल में यह शहर पाटलिपुत्र के नाम से जाना जाता था।
7. यहाँ अनेकों दर्शनीय स्थल हैं।
8. पटना का महावीर मंदिर प्रसिद्ध है।

Answers:

1. I am writing my name on the blackboard.
2. I have bought a few books.
3. Why did you come late? Or Why are you late?
4. I leave for Bombay tomorrow.
5. Sita is more beautiful than Lila.
6. What he says is right.
7. When the teacher comes (enters) to the class, the students stand up.
8. Mohan is so fat that he cannot run.

Question 2.
Translate into English:

1. हमारा देश महान है।
2. महात्मा गाँधी अहिंसा में विश्वास करते थे।
3. हमें सफलता के लिए कठिन परिश्रम करना चाहिए।
4. क्या आप मेरी मदद कर सकते हैं?
5. मेरा मित्र इन दिनों बीमार है।
6. सोमवार की शाम से ही वह अनुपस्थित है।
7. अजय इतना कमजोर है कि वह परीक्षा में उत्तीर्ण नहीं हो सकता।
8. वह नौकरी की खोज में दिल्ली जायेगा।

Answers:

1. Our country is great.
2. Mahatama Gandhi believed in non-violence.
3. We should labour hard for success.
4. Can you help me?
5. These days my friend is ill.
6. He has been absent since Monday evening.
7. Ajay is so weak that he cannot pass the examination.
8. He will go to Delhi in search of a job.

Question 3.
Translate into English:

1. शिक्षक वर्ग में आ चुके हैं।
2. वह शाम को अपनी किताब पढ़ता रहेगा।
3. उसके स्टेशन पहुँचने के पहले गाड़ी खुल चुकी थी।
4. क्या वह गरीब नहीं है?
5. जब मैं उसके घर गया, वह पढ़ रहा था।
6. गोपाल हरि से लम्बा है।
7. यदि तुम्हें रुपये की जरूरत हो, अपने पिता के पास पत्र लिखें।
8. मैं खाता तो हूँ।

Answers:

1. The teacher has come in the class.
2. He shall have been reading his book in the evening.
3. The train had started before he reached the station.
4. Is he not poor?
5. When I went to his house, he was reading.
6. Gopal is taller than Hari.
7. If you are in need of money, write a letter to your father.
8. I do eat.

Question 4.
Translate into English:

1. श्री लालू प्रसाद यादव बिहार के मुख्यमंत्री हैं।
2. वे गरीबों के एकमात्र नेता हैं।
3. वे निर्भीक एवं ईमानदार हैं।
4. इनके नेतृत्व में बिहार आगे बढ़ेगा।
5. उषा इन्दु से अधिक सुन्दर है।
6. वह कल कलकत्ता जानेवाला है।
7. क्या आप मेरी मदद कर सकते हैं?
8. हमारा देश महान है।

Answers:

1. Sree Lalu Prasad Yadav is the Chief Minister of Bihar.
2. He is the only leader of the poor.
3. He is bold and honest.
4. Bihar will go ahead under his leadership.
5. Usha is more beautiful than Indu.
6. He is to go to Calcutta tomorrow.
7. Can you help me?
8. Our country is great.

Question 5.
Translate into English:

1. मैं सुबह से आपकी प्रतीक्षा कर रहा हूँ।
2. शिक्षक ने विद्यार्थियों को अंग्रेजी पढ़ाई।
3. आप किसको खोजते हैं?
4. एक शहर में दो दोस्त रहते थे।
5. आप जितने दयालु हैं उतना कोई नहीं है?
6. मैं आपकी सफलता की कामना करता हूँ।
7. स्नान करने के बाद वह चाय पीती है।
8. वह आयेगा तो मैं जाऊँगा।

Answers:

1. I have been waiting for you since morning.
2. The teacher taught the students English.
3. Whom do you search for?
4. There lived two friends in any town.
5. Nobody is so kind as you are.
6. I wish your success.
7. She takes tea after having a bath.
8. I shall go if he comes.

Question 6.
Translate into English:

1. लाल बहादुर शास्त्री जी को कौन नहीं जानता?
2. वे एक गरीब परिवार से आते हैं।
3. वे गरीबों के प्रतीक हैं।
4. मैं उतना ही जानता हूँ जितना तुम।
5. हमें अपनी माँ की सेवा अवश्य करनी चाहिए।
6. किसी गाँव में एक भिखारी रहता था।
7. क्या आपने हरि को देखा है?
8. कृपया जरा दरवाजा बन्द कर दें।

Answers:

1. Who desn’t know Lal Bahadur Shashtrijce?
2. He comes of a poor family.
3. He is the symbol of the poor.
4. I know as much as you.
5. We must serve our mother.
6. There lived a beggar in a village.
7. Have you seen Hari?
8. Please, shut the door.

Question 7.
Translate into English:

1. हमलोग फुटबॉल खेलते हैं।
2. राजा अपनी प्रजा को प्यार करते थे।
3. हमें अपने स्वास्थ्य पर ध्यान देना चाहिए।
4. क्या मैं घर जा सकता हूँ?
5. मुझे बताओ कि तुम कहाँ रहते हो।
6. 1947 से हमारा देश स्वतन्त्र है।
7. वह इतना गरीब है कि विद्यालय शुल्क नहीं दे सकता।
8. श्याम परीक्षा में प्रथम आएगा।

Answers:

1. We play football.
2. The king loved his subject.
3. We should take care of our health.
4. May I go home?
5. Tell me where you live.
6. Our country has been free since 1947.
7. He is so poor that he can’t pay the school fee.
8. Shyam will stand first at the examination.

Question 8.
Translate into English:

1. गाय एक चौपाया जानवर है।
2. गाय हरी घास एवं पुआल खाती है।
3. गाय हमें दूध देती है।
4. इसका दूध मीठा होता है।
5. यह हमें बछड़ा देती है।
6. बछड़ा गाड़ी खींचता एवं हल जोतता है।
7. हलवाई इसके दूध से मिठाइयाँ बनाता है।
8. हिन्दू गाय को पूजते हैं।

Answers:

1. The cow is a four-footed animal.
2. She eats green grass and straw.
3. The cow gives us milk.
4. Her milk is sweet.
5. She gives us a calf.
6. The calf carries cart and ploughs the field.
7. Confectioner makes sweets from her milk.
8. Hindus worship the cow.

Question 9.
Translate into English:

1. भारतीय किसान परिश्रमी होते हैं।
2. वे प्रात:काल उठते हैं।
3. सर्वप्रथम वे अपने मवेशियों को खिलाते हैं।
4. उसके बाद वे खेत जाते हैं।
5. वे दिनभर खेत में काम करते हैं।
6. दोपहर में वे थोड़ा आराम करते हैं।
7. शाम को वे घर लौटते हैं।
8. भारतीय किसान की स्थिति दयनीय है।

Answers:

1. Indian farmers are laborious.
2. They get up early in the morning.
3. First of all, they feed their cattle.
4. After that, they go to their field.
5. They work in the field throughout the day.
6. They take rest for a while at noon.
7. They return their home in the evening.
8. The condition of the Indian farmer is miserable.

Question 10.
Translate into English:

1. राम मेरा अग्रज है
2. वह ग्यारहवीं कक्षा का छात्र है।
3. वह सदा अपने वर्ग में प्रथम आता है।
4. कल वह पटना जायेगा।
5. पटना बिहार की राजधानी है।
6. वह गंगा नदी के किनारे अवस्थित है।
7. बिहार में प्रथम बार एक महिला मुख्यमंत्री हुई है।
8. बिहार की धरती खनिज से भरी-पूरी है।

Answers:

1. Ram is my elder borther.
2. He is a student of class XI.
3. He always stands first in his class.
4. He will go to Patna tomorrow.
5. Patna is the capital of Bihar.
6. It stands on the bank of the river ‘Ganga’.
7. For the first time in Bihar, a female has become the Chief Minister.
8. The land of Bihar is full of minerals.

Question 11.
Translate into English:

1. मानवता सबसे बड़ा धर्म है।
2. वह खाना खा चुका था।
3. तुम आज क्या कर रहे हो?
4. सीता गीता से अधिक सुन्दर है।
5. वह कल स्कूल नही गया था।
6. परीक्षा दो घंटे तक चलेगी।
7. गाय एक उपयोगी पशु है।
8. मोहन एकाएक बीमार हो गया था।

Answers:

1. Humanity is the greatest religion.
2. He had taken his meal.
3. What are you doing today?
4. Sita is more beautiful than Geeta.
5. He didn’t go to school yesterday.
6. The examination will be of two hours duration.
7. The cow is a useful animal.
8. Mohan fell ill all of a sudden.

Question 12.
Translate into English:

1. आदमी और कुत्ता में क्या फर्क है?
2. बड़ों का आदर करना चाहिए।
3. हिमालय पहाड़ों में सबसे ऊँचा है।
4. राम पढ़ने में श्याम से अच्छा है।
5. कल से मूसलाधार वर्षा हो रही है।
6. राम के स्टेशन पहुँचने के पहले गाड़ी खुल चुकी थी।
7. चुनाव प्रक्रिया में सुधार की आवश्यकता है।
8. ईमानदारी सबसे अच्छी नीति है।

Answers:

1. What is the difference between a man and a dog?
2. We ought to respect our elders.
3. The Himalyas is the highest Mountain.
4. Ram is more intelligent than Shyam.
5. It has been raining cats and dogs since yesterday.
6. The train had steamed off before Ram reached the station.
7. There is need of some changes in Election Process.
8. Honesty is the best Policy.

Question 13.
Translate into English:

1. राजगीर एक बड़ा ही रमणीय स्थान है।
2. वैशाली एक दर्शनीय ऐतिहासिक स्थल है।
3. विद्यार्थियों को चरित्र पर ध्यान देना चाहिए।
4. आज बच्चों को शिक्षक की नहीं गुरु की जरूरत है।
5. खेल का जीवन में महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है।
6. वह कल पटना गया था।
7. अगर वह मन से पढ़ता, तब जरूर पास होता।
8. बाग में मेला लगेगा।

Answers:

1. Rajgir is a very charming place.
2. Vaishali is a worth seeing historical place.
3. Students should pay heed to their character.
4. These days children need preceptor not a teacher.
5. Games and sports have important place in our life.
6. He went Patna yesterday.
7. Had he read attentively, he must have passed.
8. A fair will be organised in the orchard.

Question 14.
Translate into English:

1. गंगा भारत की पवित्र नदियों में एक है।
2. इसके किनारे अनेक बड़े-बड़े शहर स्थित हैं।
3. हमलोग गंगा को माँ की तरह पूजते हैं।
4. भारत में अनेक ध र्मों के लोग रहते हैं।
5. भारत एक प्रजातंत्रात्मक देश है।
6. यहाँ का संविधान लचीला है।
7. यह निश्चित है कि भारत तरक्की करेगा।
8. भारत की एकता को कोई भी तोड़ नहीं सकता है।

Answers:

1. The Ganga is one of the holiest rivers of India.
2. Several cities stand on tis bank.
3. We worship the Ganga like our mother.
4. People of different religions live in India.
5. India is a democratic country.
6. Our constitution is flexible.
7. It is certain that India will progress.
8. No one can break the unity of India.

Question 15.
Translate into English:

1. राम ने मुझे एक चिट्ठी लिखी।
2. सीता प्रत्येक दिन स्कूल जाती है।
3. जोरदार वर्षा हो रही है।
4. तुम्हें अपने स्वास्थ्य पर ध्यान देना चाहिये।
5. क्या तुम कभी आगरा गये हो?
6. मेरा भाई कल पटना से वापस आयेगा।
7. तुम्हें मेरी सहायता करनी चाहिये।
8. आप कहाँ से आये हैं?

Answers:

1. Ram wrote me a letter.
2. Sita goes to school daily.
3. It is raining heavily.
4. You should take care of your health.
5. Have you ever gon Agra?
6. My brother will come back from Patna tomorrow.
7. You should help me.
8. Where have you come from?

Question 16.
Translate into English:

1. मैं कल पटना जाऊँगा।
2. मैं दवा खा रहा हूँ।
3. वह यहाँ नहीं आया।
4. क्या तुमने अपना काम समाप्त कर लिया है।
5. चार दिनों से वर्षा हो रही है।
6. वह गरीबों की सहायता करता है।
7. वह अपने पिता के साथ रहना चाहता है।
8. तुम कब यहाँ आये?

Answers:

1. shall go to Patna tomorrow.
2. I am taking medicine.
3. He did not come here.
4. Have you finished your work?
5. It has been raining for four days.
6. He helps the poor.
7. He wants to live with his father.
8. When did you come here?

Question 17.
Translate into English:

1. महात्मा गाँधी को कौन नहीं जानता है?
2. जय प्रकाश नारायण एक महान व्यक्ति थे।
3. मैंने उसे एक पत्र लिखा।
4. वह सोमवार से बीमार है।
5. वह तैरना जानता है।
6. आज बहुत गर्म है।
7. ज्योंही शिक्षक वर्ग में आये, विद्यार्थी खड़े हो गये।
8. यदि तुम कठिन परिश्रम नहीं करोगे, तुम सफलता प्राप्त नहीं करोगे।

Answers:

1. Who does not know Mahatma Gandhi?
2. Jai Prakash Narayan was a great man.
3. I wrote a letter to him.
4. He has been ill since Monday.
5. He knows to swim.
6. It is too hot today or It is very hot today.
7. As soon as the teacher entered the class, the students stood up.
8. Unless you labour hard, you will not succeed.

Question 18.
Translate into English:

1. विनोबा भावे एक संत थे।
2. भारत एक कृषि प्रधान देश है।
3. हिन्दी हमारी मातृ-भाषा है।
4. कल वह जायेगा।
5. आप कहाँ से आये हैं?
6. हमलोग गंगा को माँ की तरह पूजते हैं।
7. तुम्हें मेरी सहायता करनी चाहिये।
8. राम मुझे एका चिट्ठी लिखेगा।

Answers:

1. Vinova Bhave was a saint.
2. India is an agricultural country.
3. Hindi is our mother tongue.
4. He will go tomorrow.
5. Where have you come from?
6. We worship the Ganges as a mother.
7. You should help me.
8. Ram will write a letter to me.

Question 19.
Translate into English:

1. गरीब ईमानदार होते हैं।
2. उसे कल पटना जाना है।
3. राम मोहन से अधिक तेज है।
4. सभी विद्यार्थियों को पुरस्कार दिया गया।
5. आज वर्षा होगी।
6. उसने अपने पिता को पत्र लिखा है।
7. मैं अकेले वहाँ नहीं जा सकता।
8. यदि तुम्हें मेरी सहायता की जरूरत हो, मुझे पत्र लिखो।

Answers:

1. The poor are honest.
2. He has to go to Patna tomorrow.
3. Ram is more intelligent than Mohan.
4. Every student got prizes.
5. It will rain today.
6. He has written a letter to his father.
7. I cannot go alone there.
8. If you need my help, write a letter to me.

Question 20.
Translate into English:

1. लोकनायक जयप्रकाश गाँधीजी के अनुयायी थे।
2. उनकी पत्नी का नाम प्रभावती था।
3. वह अपने पिता के साथ रहना चाहता है।
4. परीक्षा चल रही है।
5. आप कहाँ से आये हैं?
6. सदा सच बोलो।
7. मैं कल पटना जाऊँआ।
8. मेरी परीक्षा समीप है।

Answers:

1. Loknayak Jai Prakash was the follower of Gandhijee.
2. His wife’s name was Prabhawati.
3. He wants to live with his father.
4. The examination is going on.
5. Where have you come from?
6. Always speak the truth.
7. I will go to Patna tomorrow.
8. My examination is at hand.

Question 21.
Translate into English:

1. वह आज दिल्ली से आया है।
2. मैं उसे नहीं जानता हूँ।
3. क्या आप उन्हें जानते हैं?
4. यह कलम मेरे भाई ने मुझे दी है।
5. भारत एक कृषि प्रध न देश है।
6. सुबह का टहलना स्वास्थ्य के लिए अच्छा होता है।
7. राम श्याम से ज्यादा ईमानदार है।
8. मैं दो वर्षों से इस शहर में रह रहा हूँ।

Answers:

1. He has come from Delhi today.
2. I don’t know him.
3. Do you know him?
4. My brother has given me this pen.
5. India is an agricultural country.
6. Walking in the morning is good for health.
7. Ram is more honest than Shyam.
8. I have been living in this city for two years.

Question 22.
Translate into English:

1. मेरा बड़ा भाई पटना में रहता है।
2. पटना बिहार की राजधानी है।
3. यह गंगा नदी के किनारे बसा हुआ है।
4. यहाँ की सड़कें पक्की एवं चौड़ी हैं।
5. यह एक पुराना शहर है।
6. प्राचीन काल में यह शहर पाटलिपुत्र के नाम से जाना जाता था।
7. यहाँ अनेकों दर्शनीय स्थल हैं।
8. पटना का महावीर मंदिर प्रसिद्ध है।

Answers:

1. My elder brother lives at Patna.
2. Patna is the capital of Bihar.
3. It is situated at the bank of river Ganga.
4. There are pitched and wide roads here.
5. It is an old city.
6. It was known as Patliputra in ancient times.
7. There are many worth-seeing places here.
8. The Mahavir Temple of Patna is famous.

Question 23.
Translate into English:

1. धनी सुखी है।
2. खेलना लाभदायक है।
3. मैंने कोई पुस्तक नहीं लिखी थी।
4. क्या उन्होंने मुझे नहीं देखा था?
5. आज बहुत गर्मी है।
6. आज वर्षा हो रही है।
7. हीमेश आज पटना गया है।
8. मेरा भाई कल दिल्ली से आयेगा।

Answers:

1. The rich are happy.
2. Playing is useful. or To play is useful.
3. I wrote no book. or, I did not write any book.
4. Did he not see me?
5. It is very hot today.
6. It is raining today.
7. Himesh went to Patna today.
8. My brother will come here from Delhi tomorrow.

Question 24.
Translate into English:

1. मैं सीखने के लिए उत्सुक हूँ।
2. तुम खुद कोशिश करो।
3. भगवान तेरी मदद करें।
4. तुम कौन कलम पसंद करते हो?
5. वे सेवा निवृत्त पदाधिकारी हैं।
6. मैंने एक भुंकता हुआ कुत्ता पाया।
7. वह वहाँ जाने से डरता है।

Answers:

1. I am anxious to learn.
2. Try yourself.
3. May God help you!
4. Which pen do you like?
5. He is a retired officer.
6. I found a barking dog.
7. He fears to go there.

Question 25.
Translate into English:

1. मैं सुबह जल्दी उठता हूँ।
2. वह कल दिल्ली जाएगा।
3. हमें बाजार जाना है।
4. आज स्कूल बन्द है।
5. मैं इस शहर में पाँच साल से रह रहा हूँ।
6. यह मेरी कलम है।
7. बिहार की राजधानी पटना है।

Answers:

1. I get up early in the morning.
2. He will go to Delhi tomorrow.
3. I have to go to the market.
4. The school is closed today.
5. I have been living in this city for the last five years.
6. This is my pen.
7. Patna is the capital of Bihar.

Question 26.
Translate into English:

1. हमलोग रात्रि में सोते हैं।
2. मैं डाक्टर से कल भेट करूँगा।
3. शिक्षक ने उससे कहा कि खड़े हो जाओ।
4. मुझे अभी अवश्य वहाँ जाना चाहिए।
5. हमलोगों को अपने माँ-बाप की आज्ञा माननी चाहिए।
6. हमलोग मैच जीत सकते हैं।
7. वह विद्यार्थी बहुत ईमानदार है।

Answers:

1. We sleep at night.
2. I shall meet the doctor tomorrow.
3. The teacher asked him to stand up.
4. I must go there now.
5. We should obey our parents.
6. We can win the match.
7. That student is very honest.

Question 27.
Translate into English:

1. वह राजा अत्यधिक कठोर है।
2. रेखा यहाँ सबसे सुन्दर लड़की है।
3. उसे इस विद्यालय में दाखिल किया गया है।
4. राजीव एक धनी व्यक्ति बनेगा।
5. उसे जाने दो।
6. किताब लेने के लिए आओ।
7. कक्षा में लड़के-लड़कियों से अधिक हैं।

Answers:

1. That king was very cruel.
2. Rekha is the most beautiful girl here.
3. He has been admitted to the school.
4. Rajiv will become a rich man.
5. Let him go.
6. Go to bring the book.
7. Boys are more in numbers than the girls in the class.

Question 28.
Translate into English:

1. वह अपने पिता के साथ रहता है।
2. मेरा भाई कल पटना आयेगा।
3. यहाँ अनेक दर्शनीय स्थान हैं।
4. पटना गंगा नदी के किनारे बसा है।
5. खेलना स्वास्थ्य के लिए लाभदायक है।
6. क्या तुमने सीता को देखा है?
7. सभी विद्यार्थियों को पुरस्कार दिया जाएगा।

Answers:

1. He lives with his father.
2. My brother will come to Patna tomorrow.
3. There are many worth-seeing places here.
4. Patna is situated at the bank of river Ganga.
5. Playing (to play) is useful for health.
6. Have you seen Şita?
7. Every student will get a prize. or, Prize will be given to all (every) student.

Question 29.
Translate into English:

1. आदमी और कुत्ता में क्या फर्क है?
2. मानवता सबसे बड़ा धर्म है।
3. परीक्षा दो घंटे तक चलेगी।
4. वह कल पटना जायेगा।
5. खेल का जीवन में महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है।
6. छात्रों को चरित्र पर ध्यान देना चाहिए।
7. भारतीय किसान की स्थिति दयनीय है।

Answers:

1. What is the difference between a man and a dog?
2. Humanity is the greatest religion.
3. The examination will be of two hours duration.
4. He will go to Patna tomorrow.
5. Sports and games have an important place in our life.
6. The student should pay heed to their character.
7. The condition of the Indian farmer is miserable.

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Bihar Board Class 9 English Report Writing

Question 1.
You are Sanjeev/Sangita of Class X. Write a report in about 80-100 words to be published in your school-magazine describing how the “Teacher’s Day” was celebrated in your school in about 80-100 words.
Answer:
A Report by Sanjeev on Teacher’s Day Celebrations:
Like every year, our School celebrated the Teacher’s Day on the 5th March 2010. The students themselves chalked-out the whole day programme. All the teachers in our school were honoured guests. The school auditorium was beautifully decorated. The special attraction of the function was Mr Rajan Bhagat, the minister of education, Jharkhand who happens to be a teacher in our school. Mr Bhagat in his address on the occasion advised working unitedly for nation-building. A variety of cultural musical and folk-tribal dance was performed. The Principal thanked all the students on behalf of the teachers on this memorable day for all of us.

Question 2.
You visit a hill station a second time after three years. You find that the forest on the way has now been cut down. Write a report about it in about 80 words.
Answer:
Ugly Deforestation
My second visit to the XYZ hill station was a disappointment. My fifty-mile car ride gave me no joy. The forest cover on the hill-sides was all gone. There was only dry grass in place of big trees. There were no monkeys to greet us. The chirping of birds was missing. This destruction of our flora and fauna pained me very much.

Question 3.
You are Vikas of Class X. You have participated as contingent leader of your school team in the Republic Day Parade this year. Write a report for the school magazine in about 80-100 words.
Answer:
School’s participation in the Republic Day Parade.
31 Jan 2010
A contingent from our school took part in the Republic Day Parade, held at Ranchi, the state capital. The smart turn out of the team and their impressive march-past won the admiration of all, present on the occasion. Our team was adjudged the best and each member of the team was awarded a certificate of commendation. It was a rare honour but we had all the practice for it very hard for a full two months and as such, we performed it most beautifully. We shared the pride of this memorable event with all the staff and students.
Vikas
Leader, School Contingent.

Question 4.
You are Pankaj a student of Class X. Your school celebrated Grand-Parents Day by organising various programmes in their honour. Write a report in 80-100 words for your school magazine.
Answer:
Grand Parent’s Day 2011
Our school had organised “Grand Parent’s Day” on 18th March. The day was celebrated with a view to paying our gratitude to our Grand Parents. A cultural show with musical items was held in honour of the senior citizens. The grandparents of the students had been invited to enjoy the day with their grandchildren. The Grand Parents were invited and requested to say few- words from the stage. Some of them spoke of generation gaps, while others talked about their good old days. On the whole, it was a useful, inspiring and extremely enjoyable experience.
Pankaj, X B
5th March 2011

Question 5.
You are Jyoti/Jyotsna of Class X. A state science fair was organised in your city on 8th March. You along with other students of your college visited the fair. Write a report to be published in your school magazine in 80-100 words.
Answer:
A State Science Fair
10 March 2011
A State Science fair was organised at Ranchi by the ministry of health and science technology on 8th March 2010. Especially displayed models and innovations which students of the science and engineering colleges in Jharkhand had made as to their projects. There were working models of the rain-water purifier, a gadget for making manure made-out of newspaper and the human waste, a very modem water heater as well as water-cooler which runs on the sun’s heat. I had gone to see this exhibition along with other students of the school and got very inspired by the activities of scientists. There was a magic show where all the tricks were explained scientifically. We all then went for a hot balloon ride. The show was very educative and inspiring.
Jyoti X C
10th March 2011

Question 6.
You are Aditya/Aditi, a student of Class X. You attended a Scout and Guide Camp from 10th Jan to 16th Jan 2010. Write a report about 80-100 words for your school magazine.
Answer:
Scout and Guide Camp
18.1.2010
A Scout and Guide Camp were organised at Hazaribagh from 10th January to 16th January 2010. Students from different districts of Jharkhand had participated in it. Our P.T. Teacher had accompanied us. All, thirty of us stayed together in tents. After morning prayer and breakfast all of us went for exercises and drills of various kinds. The trainers from the police and the army taught us the skills arid particulars of Scouts and Guides for seven days we had plenty of training. On the last day, we put up entertainment programmes from all districts. A prize distribution ceremony was held followed by a campfire and a delicious dinner. We came back enriched physically as well as mentally.

Question 7.
Your school has just started a new Computer Wing. Write a report of the inaugural ceremony in not more than 40 words for your magazine.
Answer:
A Report on Inauguration of The New Computer Wing
The new Computer Wing of the school was inaugurated by Dr Ravi Sharma, Principal of Govt. Polytechnic, Ranchi 26.1.2010. On this occasion, a talk on computers and their use was organised. The talk was given by Dr Arvind Sharma. His talk was very interesting and informative.
Suresh X-A.

Question 8.
Your school recently conducted a charity show in aid of the flood-affected people of Bhagalpur. Write a brief report of the same in not more than 40 words.
Answer:
A Report on Help For Flood Affected People
A charity show was conducted by our school in aid of the flood-affected people of Bhagalpur. All the students put in their best to make the show a success. A good amount of money was collected by way of some interesting games at the fete. The entire collection of Rs. 48,350/- was sent to the Prime Minister’s Flood Relief Fund on 10th Jan. 2010.
Mohit.

Question 9.
You represented your school in the Quiz Contest. You have been asked to read out a report about the event in the school assembly. Write the report in about 40 words.
Answer:
A Report on Inter-School Quiz Contest
I am glad to report that our team has won the Inter-School Quiz Contest. There were two other teams in the contest, one from D.A.V. School and the other from Girls High School. In the first round, the D.A.V. were leading. But in the final round, Kapil Sharma showed remarkable presence of mind, and we won the contest.
Sharda Kumari.

Question 10.
Your grandmother completed eighty-years of her age on the 15th of December, 2010. Celebrating her 80th birthday was an event for the family. Describe the event in about 40 words.
Answer:
Granny’s Eightieth Birthday
Our granny was eighty years of age on the 15th of December, 2010. We celebrated the day with prayers and rejoicings. Early in the morning, all the members of the family accompanied granny to the temple. There we prayed for her health and long life. In the evening, we arranged a party in granny’s honour.

Question 11.
Your school has recently built an auditorium to hold academic and cultural programmes. Write a factual description of the auditorium for your School Magazine.
Answer:
The School’s New Auditorium
It is a matter of pride that our school has now a new auditorium where academic, cultural and other programmes can be held. The auditorium is well- planned, airy and spacious. It has a seating capacity of over 600, with an aisle in the middle. The auditorium was inaugurated by the Social Welfare Minister on the seventh of Jan, 2010.
Mohan Singh.

Question 12.
You are a Press Reporter. Recently the Railways have cancelled a few trains due to flood. Passengers have been stranded at the Ranchi Railway Station. Write a report in about 40 words highlighting the problems faced by the passengers.
Answer:
Passengers Hard Put Due to Cancellation of Trains
Patna: Feb. 26. Due to the flood-like situation caused by heavy rains for the last two days, a number of trains have been cancelled. Since the cancellation has been announced all of a sudden, a large number of passengers have been stranded at the Ranchi Railway Station. The fate of women and children particularly is pitiable.
Reported by:
Rahul Sinha.

Question 13.
You are a Press reporter with Hindustan Times in Patna. Write a report about a road accident involving a lorry and a Maruti car in which a number of people were injured.
Answer:
Car Rams Into Bus
Patna: 18 Feb., Luxury bus coming from Ranchi collided with a Maruti car coming from the opposite side, 15 km, from here. The accident occurred when the car driver in his attempt to save a stray dog lost control over the wheel and crashed head-on with the bus. All the three occupants of the car—the driver, a businessman and his wife—were killed on the spot.
Reported by:
Ashok Kumar.

Question 14.
Your school has just celebrated its Silver Jubilee on completion of 25 years of its service to the cause of education. Write a report in not more than 40 words on the programmes that your school conducted on this occasion.
Answer:
A Report on School’s Silver Jubilee Celebrations
Our school celebrated its Silver Jubilee with great pride on 18th Jan. 2010. On the first day, a grand fete was organised. A total Shiount of Rs. 8675 was collected. The entire amount was contributed to the Prime Minister’s Flood Relief Fund. On the second day, there was a Free Eye Operation Camp, and on the third day, we had a Blood Donation Camp.
Anuradha
20.1.2011

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Get Updated Bihar Board Class 9th English Book Solutions in PDF Format and download them free of cost. Bihar Board Class 9 English Book Solutions Event Description Write Up Questions and Answers provided are as per the latest exam pattern and syllabus. Access the topics of Panorama English Book Class 9 Solutions Event Description Write Up through the direct links available depending on the need. Clear all your queries on the Class 9 English Subject by using the Bihar Board Solutions for Event Description Write Up existing.

Bihar Board Class 9 English Event Description Write Up

Event – 1
You visited the world-famous Taj Mahal of Agra last year. Write a paragraph in not more than 80 words describing your visit.
Answer:
A visit to a historical place is always educative. Last year I went to Agra. It has many buildings of historical interest. The most famous is the Taj Mahal. I was greatly impressed to see it. The white marble looks like silver. The four miners add to its glory. The green lawns also add to its beauty. It looks like a dream seeing it in the moon-lit night. I can’t forget my visit to Taj Mahal.

Event – 2
You visited your city railway station one day to see your uncle off. Write a paragraph on this scene.
Answer:
The scene at a railway platform is always enjoyable in our country. It presents a picture of mini India. Last fortnight I went to the city railway station to see my uncle off. The platform was overcrowded. Passengers of many states like Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Assam etc, were there. There were many stalls on the platform. Coolies in red dress were also there. Passengers were taking tea. They were waiting for the train. Soon the train came. My uncle got a seat and the train started. I returned home.

Event – 3
Write a paragraph on ‘An Ideal Teacher’ in about 80 words.
Answer:
The ideal persons are rarely found in life. It is more so in the field of education. An ideal teacher is one who loves to learn and to teach. His mission in life is teaching. He sacrifices everything for education. He always offers his services to the society and the nation the gives a lotus, without taking anything in return. He has no interest in money or power. His only aim in life is to teach his students to be good persons. An ideal teacher is above worldly pleasures. he serves the people every time. I have great respect for my teacher.

Event – 4
If TV is viewed for a long time, it has bad effects. Write a paragraph on this not more than 80 words.
Answer:
TV has become an essential part of every house. It is the cheapest source of entertainment. Children find it the most popular. But it has bad effects also. Seeing it for long hours harms the eyesight. The students neglect their studies. Their studies suffer. Many programmes are not in good taste. The youth forget their own age-old culture. They adopt the wrong paths of life. Their lives are spoiled. So, it should be watched properly.

Event – 5
You visited a holy place last week. Write a paragraph in not more than 80 words describing your visit.
Answer:
Last week I went to a holy place. It is a place for all religions. It is a simple samadhi of an old saint. He lived in the city about eight hundred years back and died here. People of all faiths and religion visit the samadhi every year on 14th January. They offer their prayers and chadai on the samadhi. I also offered my prayers. I felt a strange kind of mental peace. I saw boys and girls, men and women praying before this great soul.

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Bihar Board Class 9 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice

Active, Passive Voice & Quasi Passive
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए और इसपर विचार कीजिए कि list A और list B के वाक्यों में क्या अंतर है, विशेषकर उनके verbs के अर्थ और रूप में
A – B
I teach English Grammar. – English Grammar is taught by me.
He reads a book. – A book is read by him.
We hear songs. – Songs are heard by us.

List A के वाक्यों में transitive verbs-teach, reads, hear से बोध होता है कि उनके कर्ता कुछ करते हैं। I teach; He reads; We hear-इनमें कर्ता की प्रधानता है। क्रिया के person और number भी subject के अनुसार है। लेकिन list B के verbs, is taught, is read, are heard से पता चलता है कि उनके कर्ता कुछ करते नहीं हैं, कर्ता को ही कुछ होता है। इन वाक्यों में वस्तुत कीता है। यहाँ तक कि verb के number और person भी listA के वाक्या क objects के अनुसार हैं।

इस तरह, इन वाक्यों के विवेचन से पता चलता है कि एक ही transitive verb का दो प्रकार से इस तरह व्यवहार किया जाता है कि एक से subject की प्रधानता झलकती है और दूसरे से object की। Transitive verb के इसी रूप-परिवर्तन को अंगरेजी में Voice द्वारा व्यक्त करते हैं।

वास्तव में, Voice क्रिया का एक प्रकार का रूप है, जिससे हमें यह मालूम होता है कि वाक्य में subject कुछ कर रहा है या subject पर ही किसी के द्वारा कुछ किया जा रहा है।

जिस वाक्य में subject की प्रधानता हो और जिसका finite verb subject के number और person के अनुसार हो, उसे Sentence in Active Voice कहते हैं। और जिस वाक्य में object को प्रधानता देकर finite verb को object के number और person के अनुसार ही रखना पड़ता है, उसे Sentence in Passive Voice कहते हैं।

Note-वस्तुतः, voice तो verbs का ही होता है और वह भी transitive verbs का; लेकिन verbs के voice परिवर्तन के कारण समूचे वाक्य का भी ऐसा रूपान्तर हो जाता है कि हम कह सकते हैं कि वाक्य active voice में है या passive voice में

Some special verbs – Active in form but Passive in sense
बहुत-से verbs ऐसे हैं जिनका रूप active की तरह मालूम होता है, लेकिन अर्थ passive की तरह होता है। इन्हें Quasi-Passive Verbs कहते हैं। जैस-

1. The table feels hard (= is hard when it is felt) – टेबुल कड़ा मालूम पड़ता है (जब उसका स्पर्श किया जाता है)।
2. Sugar tastes sweet (= is sweet when tasted) – चीनी मीठी लगती है (जब किसी के द्वारा चखी जाती है)।
3. Rolse smells good (= is good when smelt) – गुलाब अच्छा महकता है (जब सूंघा जाता है)।
4. Your poem reads well (=sounds well when it is read) – आपकी कविता अच्छी लगती है (जब पढ़ी जाती है)।
5. This book sells well (is purchased by many) – यह किताब अच्छी तरह बिकती है (जब बेची जाती है तब अधिकांश लोग खरीदते हैं)।

ऊपर के सभी वाक्यों में transitive verbs अपने complement के साथ हैं। अब कुछ ऐसे transitive verbs का अध्ययन कीजिए जिनका न कोई complement है और न कोई object ही स्पष्ट रहता है, फिर भी ऐसे verbs रूप में active लेकिन अर्थ में passive होते हैं; जैसे-

1. A place is building (एक महल बनाया जा रहा है)
2. The drum is beating (ढोल बजाया जा रहा हैं)
3. The guns are firing (बन्दूकें चलाई जा रही हैं)
4. This book is printing (यह किताब छप रही है, या छापी जा रही है)
5. The cow is milking (गाय दूही जा रही है)

How to change Active Voice into Passive Voice
Verb को active voice से passive voice में बदलते समय पूरे वाक्य का रूपान्तर करना पड़ता है। Active voice में जो noun या pronoun nominative case में रहता है, उसको objective case में बदलकर उसके पहले ‘by’ जोड़कर उसे object की जगह पर ले आते हैं। और, जो noun या pronoun active voice में objective case में रहता है, उसके nominative case में ला subject की जगह पर रख देते हैं और तब इस नए subject के number और person तथा tense के अनुकूल verb ‘to be’ का उपयुक्त रूप जोड़कर verb के past participle का प्रयोग करते हैं।
Verb ‘to be’ के उपयुक्त रूप ये हैं-
Present Tense में is या am या are.
Past Tense में was या were.
Past Participle में been.
निम्नांकित तालिका का अध्ययन करें-

How to change Active Voice with two objects into Passive Voice
साधारण नियम तो यह है कि अगर active voice में किसी verb के दो object रहें, तो एक को subject बना दिया जाए और दूसरे को retained object [देखें Chapter 4 के अन्तर्गत Five kinds of object] बनाकर object ही रखा जाए। जैसे-
He gave me a pen.
(i) I was given a pen by him.
or (ii) A pen was given to me by him.
Active voice के verb ‘gave’ के यहाँ दो objects हैं- me (indirect object), pen (direct object). वाक्य (i) में ‘me’ को I में बदलकर pen को ज्यों-का-त्यों retained object बनाकर रखा गया। वाक्य (ii) में pen को ही subject बनाकर ‘me’ को retained object बनाकर रखा गया। व्याकरण की दृष्टि से ये दोनों वाक्य शुद्ध हैं और विद्यार्थी दोनों का व्यवहार कर सकते हैं। लेकिन आधुनिक usage के अनुसार वाक्य (i) ही अधिक उपयुक्त है। Allen का कहना है: ‘Active voice में यदि transitive verb के दो objects हैं, तो passive voice में personal object को ही subject बनाना चाहिए।’

Verbs which cannot be used in Passive Voice.
पहले कहा जा चुका है कि verb को active voice से passive voice में बदलने के लिए subject को object और object को subject बनाना पड़ता है। इससे यह स्पष्ट है कि
(a) जिस verb का object नहीं होता, उसको passive voive में नहीं बदला जा सकता है। चूंकि intransitive verb (अकर्मक क्रिया) का कोई object नहीं होता, इसलिए intransitive verb का passive voice नहीं हो सकता। यह साधारण नियम है, लेकिन कुछ अवस्थाओं में intransitive verb का भी passive voice होता है। जैसे-

(i) अगर intransitive verb के बाद preposition आने से वह transitive verb बन जाए और उसका कोई object रहे, तो उस verb का passive voice हो सकता है। जैसे-
He laughed at the dwarf. – The dwarf was laughed at by him.
They spoke to the man. – The man was spoken to by them.
इन वाक्यों में preposition को verb का ही अंश माना जाएगा और passive voice में भी वह verb के बाद अवश्य आएगा।

(ii) अगर किसी intransitive verb का cognate object रहे, तो उसका passive voice हो सकता है। जैसे-
We ran a race. – A race was run by us.
He dreamt a sweet dream. – A sweet dream was dreamt by him.

(iii) अगर किसी intransitive verb का causative verb की तरह व्यवहार हुआ हो, तो उसका passive voice हो सकता है, जैसे-
They grow rice. – Rice is grown by them.
We feed the poor. – The poor are fed by us.
The labourers felled a tee. – A tree was felled by the labourer
(b) Perfect continuous tense – present perfect continuous past perfect continuous, future perfect continuous के verb का Passive voice नहीं होता।
(c) Quasi-passive verbs का साधारणतः passive voice नहीं होता, क्योंकि उनका अर्थ तो passive होता ही है। इसलिए इन वाक्यों के verbs का passive नहीं होगा-
The poem reads well.
The honey tastes sweet.

Passive Voice में object के पूर्व ‘by’ के स्थान पर अन्य शब्द
ऊपर कहा जा चुका है कि passive voice में बदले जाने पर active voice का subject objective case में बदलकर object की जगह पर आता है
और उसके पहले preposition by का प्रयोग होता है। लेकिन इसके कुछ अपवाद ‘भी हैं:
(i) कुछ passive verbs के बाद by के बदले किसी दूसरे preposition का (जो उस. verb के उपयुक्त हो) व्यवहार किया जाता है। जैसे-
Active – Passive
Ram knows me. – I am known to Ram.
His behaviour surprised me. – I was surprised at his behaviour.
Your attitude displeased them. – They were displaced with your attitude.
My son annoyed me. – I was annoyed with my son.
इसी तरह, astonished, pleased, disgusted इत्यादि verbs के बाद by नहीं प्रयुक्त होता। किसी दूसरे उपयुक्त Preposition का व्यवहार किया जाता है।
(ii) बहुत-से वाक्यों में जहाँ active voice का subject अनिर्दिष्ट है, जैसे- they, nobody, no one इत्यादि, वहाँ passive voice बनाने में विद्यार्थियों की कठिनाई होती है। उनकी सुविधा के लिए यहाँ कुछ उदाहरण दिए जा रहे हैं-
Active – Passive
People in East Bengal speak Bengali. – Bengali is spoken by the people in East Bengal.
They say that health is wealth. – It is said that health is wealth.
No one can do this work. – This work cannot be done by anyone.
Nobody reads this book. – This book is not read by anyone.

More About Voice
Interchange of Active Voice and Passive Voice
Voice के प्रसंग में आपको active voice से passive voice में बदलने के कुछ प्रमुख नियमों से अवगत कराया गया है। यहाँ हम interrogative, imperative, complex, compound sentences इत्यादि को active से passive voice में बदलने के तरीके पर विचार करें।

Infinitive वाले वाक्य का Passive Voice
अगर वाक्य में finite verb, intransitive रहे और उसके बाद infinitive का प्रयोग हो तो infinitive को उसके past participle रूप में कर देने से वाक्य passive voice में. हो जाएगा। जैसे-
Active – Passive
I expect to win him over. – I expect him to be won over.
He tried hard to obtain some help. – He tried hard for some help to be obtained.
He likes his subordinates to flatter him. – He likes to be flattered by his subordinates.
It is time to open the shop. – It is time for the shop to be opened.
There is nothing to do. – There is nothing to be done.
I have nothing to hope for. – There is nothing to be hoped for.

Imperative Verb on Passive Voice
Imperative a transitive verbs a passive voice बनाने में इस वाक्य को let से प्रारम्भ करते हैं (भले ही वाक्य में पहले से let नहीं रहे) और तब verb के बदले उसके passive infinitive, without to का प्रयोग करते हैं।
Active – Passive
(You) Fetch a glass of water. – Let a glass of water be fetched (by you).
(You) Take him home. – Let him be taken home (by your).
(You) Hear him. – Let him be heard (by you).
Note – विद्यार्थियों को उचित है कि बायीं ओर के वाक्य में subject you जो लुप्त है, उसे लिखकर, voice का परिवर्तन करें। जैसे-
Read this book = (You) read this book.
और यह passive voice में हो जाएगा-
Let this book be read by you.

Interrogative sentence के transitive verb का passive voice में परिवर्तन
1. अगर interrogative sentence, auxiliary verb से शुरू हो-
विद्यार्थी अगर गलती से बचना चाहते हों तो उनहें चाहिए कि voice परिवर्तन के पहले ऐसे वाक्य को assertive sentence में बदल लें। फिर, ऊपर दिए गए साधारण नियमों के अनुसार वाक्य का voice बदल दें। और, voice परिवर्तन के बाद sentence को पुन: interrogative sentence के रूप में लिख लें; जैसे-
Did you read this book? इस बाक्य में verb ‘read’ active voice में है। हम इसको passive voice में बदलने के पहले-
(i) इसको assertive sentence के रूप में लिखें – You read this book.
(ii) यह passive voice में हो जाएगा – This book was read by you.
(iii) अब इसको interrogative sentence के रूप में लिखें – Was this book read by you?
कुछ अन्य उदाहरणों का अध्ययन करें-
Active – Passive
(a) Did he kill the dog?
Steps:
Assertive – He killed the dog.
Assertive-Passive – The dog was killed by him.
Interrogative-Passive – Was the dog killed by him?

(b) Did you like dinner?
Steps:
Assertive – You liked the dinner.
Assertive-Passive – The dinner was liked by you.
Interrogative-Passive – Was the dinner liked by you?
(2) अगर transitive verb वाला interrogative sentence ‘who’ से प्रारम्भ हो तो passive voice में बदलने के लिए ‘who’ को active voice का subject मानकर साधारण नियमों के अनुसार वाक्य को passive में बदल देंगे, जैसे-
Active – Passive
Who did this? – By whom was this dotted?
Who killed the dog? – By whom was the dog killed?
Who reads this book? – By whom is this book read?
Note – Who का objective case ‘whom’ होता है-
तो इस question word को पहले वाक्य से निकालकर ऊपर (1) में दिए गए तरीके से passive voice बना लें और तब question word का पुनः passive voice के वाक्य के शुरू में जोड़ दें; जैसे-

1. Why did you read this book?
2. When did he kill the dog?
3. How did they admit all students?
4. How did you like dinner?

इन वाक्यों से अगर why, when, how को हटा लें तो इनका सही रूप रहता है जो (1) में दिए गए वाक्यों का है, तो हम (1) में बताए गए नियम के अनुसार इनका passive में रूपान्तर कर लेंगे और तब क्रमश: why, when, how को वाक्य के आरम्भ में जोड़कर लिखेंगे

1. Why was this book read by you?
2. When was the dog killed by him?
3. How were all students admitted by them?
4. How was the dinner liked by you?

Change of transitive verb in complex and compound sentences from the active voice to the passive voice
अगर किसी वाक्य में एक से अधिक finite verb रहें और वे सभी transitive हों तो एक को Passive voice में बदलने पर दूसरे को भी passive voice में बदलना पड़ेगा। जैसे, हम इन वाक्यों को लें
Active – Passive
(i) He told me that he had read the book. – I was told by him that the book had been read by him.
(ii) He wrote this book and gave it to Bharati Bhawan for publication. – This book was written by him and it was) given
(by him) to Anjana (P&D) for publication.
(iii) She wrote the letter but tore it to pieces. – The letter was written by her but (it was) torn (by her) to pieces.

ऊपर दिए गए वाक्यों में हम देखते हैं कि प्रत्येक में दो-दो clauses हैं।
(i) He told me + that he had read the book.
(ii) He wrote this book + and + (he) have it to Anjana (P&D) for publication.
(iii) She wrote the letter + and + (she) tore it to pieces.
इन वाक्यों को passive रूप में लाने के लिए हम दोनों clauses को अलग-अलग passive रूप में ले आते हैं, और तब उनको जोड़ दते हैं।
Note – अगर एक ही clause में एक finite verb रहे और उसके साथ infinitive verb रहे तो हम दोनों को passive voice में नहीं बदल सकते, क्योंकि double passive का व्यवहार नहीं हो सकता।

Passive Voice से Active Voice बनाने का नियम
(i) अगर दिए हुए वाक्यों में कुछ शब्द लुप्त हों तो उनको कोष्ठ (brackets) में लिखकर वाक्यों को पूरा कर लीजिए। अकसर passive voice में by + object लुप्त रहता है। ऐसी हालत में अपनी ओर से by + उपयुक्त object जोड़कर वाक्य को पूरा कर लीजिए। जैसे-
The thief was arrested. = The thief was arrested (by the police).
My watch was stolen. = My watch was stolen (by someone).
It is said that he is poor. = It is said (by them or by people) that he is poor.
The letter was written by her and torn to bits. = The letter was written by her and it was) torn to bits (by her).

(ii) इसके बाद passive voice के वाक्य में से object को निकालकर nominative case में ले आइए और active voice के वाक्य का उसे subject बना लीजिए।

(iii) Passive voice के subject को objective case में ले आइए और उसे active voice के वाक्य में object की जगह पर लिखिए।

(iv) Verb ‘to be’ को हटाकर, verb के past participle रूप को नए subject of 3 CHR FC FCI

(v) Passive voice के object के पहले ‘by’, ‘to’ य अन्य कोई preposition रहे तो उसे हटा दीजिए; जैसे-

Passive Voice – Active Voice
He was sentenced to death (by the judge). – The Judge sentenced him to death.
He is not known to me. – I do not know him.
Trespassers will be prosecuted (by the Government). – The Government will prosecute the trespassers.
Let the tea be brought. – Bring tea.
You will be compelled to resign your post (by the circumstances). – Circumstances will compel you to resign your post. Heavy casualties have been reported (by the Press). – The Press has reported heavy casualties.
It is time for the bell to be rung. – It is time to ring the bell.
Have the trees been cut (by somebody)? – Has somebody cut the trees?
Let it be tried by all of us. – Let all of us try it.
Let silence be observed. – Observe silence.
What cannot be cured (by us) must be endured (by us). – We must endure what we cannot cure.
The field has been overgrown with grass. – Grass has grown over the field.
English is spoken all over the world (by people). – People speak English all over the world.
The injured are being treated (by the doctors). – The doctors are treating the injured.
The house was burnt to ashes (by the fire). – The fire burnt the house to ashes.
Cricket is not liked by me but football is (liked by me). – I do not like cricket, but I like football.
Reference books must not be taken away (by readers). – Readers must not take away reference books.
It cannot be done (by anyone). – No one can do it.

नोट-उपर्युक्त passive voice के वाक्यों में कोष्ठ के अन्दर जो शब्द दिए गए हैं वे प्रश्न में प्रायः लुप्त रहते हैं। यहाँ विद्यार्थियों के समझने के लिए केवल संकेत हैं।

More Exercises Solved
Change the following sentences from Active to Passive:
Note : उत्तर प्रत्येक वाक्य के सामने तिरछे अक्षरों (italics) में दिया गया हैं।

Active – Passive

1. He knows me. – I am known to him.
2. My father has taught me. – I have been taught by my father.
3. Help the poor. – Let the poor be helped.
4. He gave me a book. – I was given a book by him.
5. The Headmaster gave him a prize. – He was given a prize by the Headmaster.
6. Raju has built this house. – This house has been built by Raju.
7. The soldiers took her to the soldiers. – She was taken to the camp by the camp.
8. Who killed the bird? – By whom was the bird killed?
9. Do it at once. – Let it be done at once.
10. The mother looks after the child. – The child is looked after my mother.
11. Motilal Nehru admired Gandhiji. – Gandhiji was admired by Motilal Nehru.
12. Who taught you English? – By whom were you taught English?
13. Who wrote this poem? – By whom was this poem written?
14. They made him captain. – He was made captain by them.
15. Who has stolen my purse? – By whom has my purse been stolen?
16. The teacher guides me. – I am guided by the teacher.
17. Give me your pen. – Let your pen be given to me.
18. Who has killed the tiger? – By whom has the tiger been killed?
19. Gandhiji respected all living creatures. – All living creatures were respected by Gandhiji.
20. We have polluted wells. – Even wells have been polluted by us.
21. May destroy the Beautiful cities. – Beautiful cities are destroyed by man.
22. We must preserve forests. – Forests must be preserved by us.
23. He has bought a house. – A house has been bought by him.
24. The police arrested the thief. – The thief was arrested by the police.
25. Mr Das teaches us English. – We are taught English by Mr Das.
26. Satish may do the work. – The work may be done by Satish.
27. We should do it. – It should be done by us.
28. They caught the thief. – The thief was caught by them.
29. Ramesh was writing a letter. – A letter was being written by Ramesh.
30. Do not insult the poor. – Let the poor be not insulted.
31. Cut down the tree. – Let the tree be cut down.
32. I do not know him. – He is not known to me.
33. You can win a prize. – A prize can be won by you.
34. Who taught you grammar? – By whom were you taught grammar?
35. Leela is learning music. – Music is being leurnt by Leela.
36. She will sing a song. – A song will be sung by her.
37. I have finished the work. – The work has been finished by me.
38. She wrote a letter. – A letter was written by her.
39. Do this work. – Let this worki’be done.
40. You must learn English. – English must be learnt by you.
41. He cannot do this work. – This work cannot be done by him.
42. Please help me. – You are requested to help me.
43. I helped the beggar. – The beggar was helped by me.
44. We should not punish him. – He should not be punished by us.
45. He bought a pen. – A pen was bought by him.
46. Post the letter. – Let the letter be posted.
47. Call the man waiting outside. – Let the man be called waiting outside.
48. We expect good news. – Good news all expected by us.
49. My father has taught me. – I have been taught by my father.
50. He gave me a look. – A book was given to me by him.
51. Raman is solving the task. – The task is being solved by Raman.
52. I saw him opening the box. – He was seen opening the box.
53. Brutus accused Caesar of ambition. – Caesar was accused of ambition by Brutus.

(B) Removal of Too’
Romove Too’ in the following sentences.
Note: उत्तर प्रत्येक वाक्य के सामने तिरछे अक्षरों (italics) में दिया गया है।
Active – Passive

1. The tea is too hot for me to take. – The tea is so hot that I cannot take it.
2. It is too good to be true. – It is so good that it cannot be true.
3. It is too heavy to be lifted. – It is so heavy that it cannot be lifted.
4. It is too cold. – It is excessively cold.
5. The weather is too cold to go out. – The weather is so cold that one cannot go out.

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Bihar Board Class 9 English Unseen Passage for Comprehension Factual

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. [12 Marks]

Passage 1

Maria became the first Italian, woman to receive a medical degree, she joined the university’s psychiatric clinic. As a part of her duty, she had to visit the city’s mental asylum, where disabled children were housed with the insane. She watched the children’s shrieks, stretching their hands out, with an urge to reach out or to touch something. Maria felt they needed a normal and out, with an urge to reach out or to touch something. Maria felt they needed a normal and friendlier environment and contact with the world. She worked out ways by which she could help the disabled children. Dr Bacelli opened an experimental state school for disabled children with Dr Maria^lontessori as its head, maria spent long hours, almost 12 hours’ of the day with children, observing them and, finding out what could really help them. After two years of hard work, her students took the normal state school examination. And, her children proved that they were not hopeless cases. In fact, many did almost as well as other normal children. Later, Maria was appointed professor of anthropology at the university. After seven years, she took up another important mission of her life. She started Kindergarten for the poor, normal children. She first taught them to become tidy, learn self-discipline and then taught them to read and write. In her colourful, stimulating kindergarten, she proved them with like cut out letters of sandpaper, coloured blocks and musical bells with different notes. Many more such innovations made her system of education stimulating and even inspired the educationists. [JAC Sample Paper 2010]

Questions:

1. Where were the disabled children housed? (2)
2. What did the disabled children need? (2)
3. What did the disabled children’s success in normal state school examination prove? (2)
4. State any two things that maria’s innovative Kindergarten provided the children with. (2)
5. Which were Maria’s two main areas of interest? (2)
6. Find a word in the passage which means the same as the following words/phrases (2)
   (a) mad (Para-4)
   (b) a strongly felt aim (Para-5)

Answers:

1. The disabled children were housed in the mental asylum of Rome with the insane children.
2. The disabled children needed a friendlier environment and contact with the world.
3. It proved that the disabled children were as capable as the normal children.
4. (i) It provided them with innovative learning objects.
   (ii) It taught them 3R’s and the sense of cleanliness and discipline.
5. (i) Helping the disabled children.
   (ii) Helping the poor and normal children.
6. (a) insane
   (b) mission

Passage 2

1. You know that the earth goes around the sun the moon goes around the earth. You know also perhaps that there are several other bodies which, like the earth, go round the sun. They are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter. Satum, Uranus and Neptune. All these, including our earth, are called planets of the sun. The moon is called a satellite of the earth because it keeps going around the earth. The other planets have also got their satellites.

2. The sun and the planets with their satellites from a happy family, called the solar system. Solar means belonging to the sun. The sun is the father of all the planets, so the whole group is called the solar system.

3. At night, you see thousands of stars in the sky. Only a few of them are planets. We can easily distinguish between a planet and a star. Compared to the stars, the planets are really very tiny, like our earth. But they look bigger than stars because they are much nearer to us. Compared to a star, the moon is really quite like a baby. It looks so big because it is very near to us. The real way to distinguish a star from a planet is to see whether it twinkles or not. Stars twinkle, planets don’t. Planets shine only because they get the light of the sun. It is merely the sunshine on the planets or the moon that we see.

4. Stars are like the sun. They shine of themselves because they are very hot and burning. In fact, the sun itself is a star. It looks bigger than stars because it is much nearer. We see it as a great ball of fire in the sky. (294 words)

Questions:

1. (a) How can we distinguish a star from a planet?
   (b) Why does the moon look bigger than the sun?
   (c) What makes the sunshine?
   (d) How big is the earth as compared to the sun?
   (e) What is a satellite?
2. Give the noun form of ‘compare’ and ‘distinguish’.
3. What is meant by the words ‘solar’ and ‘twinkle’?

Answers:

1. (a) We can easily distinguish between a planet and a star, because planets do not twinkle whereas stars twinkle.
   (b) The moon looks bigger than the sun because the sun is far away from the earth.
   (c) The sun shines because it is very hot and burning.
   (d) The earth is only a speck of dust as compared to the sun.
   (e) A satellite is a natural body in space that moves around a larger body, especially a planet.
2. (i) Comparison
   (ii) Distinction
3. ‘Solar’ means ‘of the sun’ or ‘related to the sun’.

Passage 3

1. What is trade and how it begin? Today you see large shops and it is so easy to go inside them and buy what you want. But do you ever think where the things you buy come from? You may buy a woollen shawl in a shop in your city. It may have come. All the way from Kashmir and the wool may have grown on the backs of sheep in the mountains of Kashmir or Ladakh. A watch that you buy may have come from Japan. But it was not always so.

2. In the early days, there was very little trade. Everything that a man wanted he had to grow himself or make himself. Sometimes it must have happened that one tribe had a great deal of one thing and another a great deal of something else. It was natural fof them to exchange goods. For instance, one tribe may give a cow for a bag of grain. There was no money in those days. Things could only be exchanged. So exchange began. It must have been rather inconvenient.

3. When gold and silver were found, people started using them for trade . It was easier to carry them. And gradually the custom arose of paying for things in gold and silver. The first person who thought of this must have been a very clever person. The use of gold and silver made trade very much easier. Even then there were no coins as we have them now. Gold used to be weighed in a balance and then given to another person. Much later came coins and these made trade and exchange still simpler. No weighing was required then as everybody knew the value of a coin. Now money (in many different forms) is used all over the world. (300 words)

Questions:

1. (a) What had man to do in the early days to have the things he couldn’t make for himself?
   (b) Why was there little trade in early days?
   (c) How was gold and silver used for trade?
   (d) How did the use of coins make trade easier?
   (e) There was no money in those days.’ What does the word ‘those’ here refer to?
2. Find in the passage words that mean:
   (i) buying and selling
   (ii) example
3. What do you mean by the words:
   (i) balance
   (ii) tribe?

Answers:

1. (a) The man had to change those things with some of things that he had with him.
   (b) In early age, people themselves made all the things they needed, so they didn’t have to do any trading.
   (c) Gold and Silver were used for the payment of things by the people. Or People paid for things in Gold and Silver.
   (d) Coins madle trade easier, because no weighing was required then as everybody knew the value of the coin.
   (e) The word those here refers to the early days when people them-selves made all things they needed.
2. (i) trade
   (ii) instance
3. (i) an instrument for weighing
   (ii) a group or a class of people.

Passage 4

Often students who are very fond of reading books are labelled by their comrades as bookworms. Those labelling generally come from the mouth of who consider themselves as being “gamesters”. Boys who shine in athletics or in playing of some game particularly cricket-consider that the game field is a better or noble arena for their activities and the expenditure of their energies than the classroom of the reading desk. The idea is bom out of an inferiority complex inherent in the game-minded students who actually envy their fellows who shine academically. Academic honours have a grace which is unique. It is not to be denied that the playing of games is a worthy activity, it is worthy in the sense that the team spirit can be created in the individual only if he has learnt to participate in the playing of games. It is also true that the players do much for society and for his country on the playing field. It is true that the feeling of cooperation can be created in person only through group activities. But studies should not be sacrificed in order that students devote their time only to the playing of games. It is my feeling that those boys become serious with the playing, particularly of cricket, begin to ignore their studies and then their academic ability suffers, as it- must: Let each type of activity haye its own place in our daily round and then only, and then alone, will the balanced division of interests produce the individual will have a proper view of things. Then will we have the student who is both academically good and who can hold his own on the game field? That is the personality that we want our education system to produce.

Questions:

1. What is the main goal of Education?
2. What are the writer’s advice on involving oneself in-game and sports?
3. What is the handicap that arises out of over-involvement in games?
4. Why do Gamestars tend to call academically sound students bookworms?
5. What is the one quality that we can acquire through playing games as quoted by the writer?
6. Find a word from the passage which have the following meanings as given in the paragraphs
   (i) branded (Para 1)
   (ii) good (Para 2)

Answers:

1. It is to make the student academically good and good at sports too.
2. It is a worthy’ activity if our interest in it is balanced with academics.
3. It is that students begin to ignore their studies and thus their academic ability suffers.
4. It is because they envy their fellow-beings who shine academically.
5. It is that sports develop a sense of team spirit in the individual.
6. (i) Labelled
   (ii) Worthy

Passage 5

Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. No house-hold can get on without it, for it is used in cooking. Perfumes may be made from the oil of certain flowers. Soaps are made from vegetable and animal oils. To the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another. But when the politician or the engineer refers to an oil, he almost always means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and workshops, motor-cars and diesel locomotives; the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machinery. This is the oil that has changed the life of the common man. When it is refined into petrol it is used to drive the internal combustion engine. To it, we owe the existence of the motor-car, which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse. To it, we owe the possibility of flying. It has changed the method of warfare on land and sea. This kind of oil comes out of the earth. Because it bums well, it is used as fuel and in some ways, it is superior to coal in this respect. Many big ships now bum oil instead of coal. Because it bums brightly, it is used for illumination; count¬less homes are still illuminated with oil-burning lamps. Because it is very very slippery, it is used for lubrication. Two metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat. But if they are separated by a thin film of oil, the friction and heat are reduced. No machine would work for long if, it were not properly lubricated. The oil used for this purpose must be of the correct thickness; if it is too thin it will not give sufficient lubrication, and if it is too thick it will not reach all parts that must be lubricated.

Questions:

1. How is vegetable oil of utmost importance for every household?
2. What is mineral oil used?
3. What is the origin of mineral oil?
4. Give two uses of mineral oil other than driving various vehicles?
5. Find words from the passage which means the following:
   (i) long past (para 1)
   (ii) lighting up (para 2)
6. Use the following words in your sentences to make their meaning clear.
   (i) perfumes
   (ii) owe.

Answers:

1. It is because cooking is done with it. If it is not there, there will be no cooking.
2. It is used to drive tanks, aeroplanes, warships, motorcars, etc.”
3. It is the earth.
4. One, it is used to illuminate the house. Second, It is used for lubrication.
5. (i) antiquity
   (ii) illumination.
6. (i) Perfumes are used in the making of aggarbatties.
   (ii) Anita owes money to me.

Passage 6

Cable TV has come to stay. It has got a ‘comer’ in most urban homes today. For some, it is a symbol of social status, for others, a necessity for keeping in tune with the times. Parents have realised that the cable has become a power in itself. For although it is slowly wearing off, the charm still remains. So it is no longer a craze, it is a phenomenon. The effect of cable TV on children is too strong to be ignored. The consequences of the cable phenomenon are slowly beginning to be felt now. Nita is five and very bright. But she has lately failed to progress much with her alphabets. However, her TV vocabulary has been improving with every passing day. She can be heard discussing an extra Chanel’ with her school friends, who like her have a cable connection at home. Films, Star Plus serials. Wimbledon on Prima Sports and the latest hot numbers of Music TV (MTV) are the current topics of discussion among children who are getting more arid more ‘star’ struck. Though cable TV brings a new world of sheer entertainment and awareness of a new culture to our homes, yet it has exposed the young to a foreign culture. It is, therefore, not for the kids with impressionable minds and negative powers. Overloading of information, constant exposure to an unknown culture, consumerism and a continual, often unchecked, access to adult shows are some of the powerful problems. Along with, a disturbance of academic routine, absence of sports, reading and other creative hobbies. The price is thus heavy to be paid for viewing cable TV.

Questions:

1. give two reasons, Why cable TV has become a crate?
2. What do ‘children’ mostly discuss?
3. What is the effect of cable TV besides providing entertainment, etc?
4. The price is this heavy…. ‘What is the price heavy for?
5. Find a word from the passage which means the following:
   (i) of the cities (para 1)
   (ii) continuous (para 3)
6. Make verbs of the following nouns:
   (i) connection (ii) discussion

Answers:

1. (i) It is now a social status symbol.
   (ii) It is necessary for. being in tune with the present times.
2. Films, Star Plus serials, the latest hot numbers on Music TV etc.
3. It has exposed the children to an alien culture.
4. It is heavy for viewing cable TV.
5. (i) Urban
   (ii) Constant
6. (i) Connect
   (ii) discuss

Passage 7

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: In India working woman leads a life of dual responsibilities, If they are married and have a family. In the West, many women are career-conscious and are committed to their jobs. Here in India woman still have traditional roles to fulfil and prefer a career to avoid domestic boring work. There are four categories of a working woman in India. Some work while they are waiting for matrimony. A majority work because they are qualified, want a second income and a different kind of life for the part of the day. A small section consists of a career woman. A sizeable section of woman are bread-winners. It is quite clear that with a majority of working women the family comes over the job. They prefer to stay in joint families where their children can be taken care of while they are at work. When they come back in the evening from the relative modem surroundings of their work spots, their personalities have to undergo a change to accommodate the demand of their time and attention by different family members whose main feelings are of having been neglected. These women often do their shopping on the way from the office. They reserve their weekends for heavy housework which will help them to cope with the rest of the week with relatively less tension. Weekends are also reserved for spending their time with spouses and children, for entertainment, family duties, visits and other such endless chores. Actually speaking, they hardly have time for personal needs. Despite the freedom and confidence of their jobs and pay packets, working women still prefer to leave the financial decision-making and budgeting to their husbands. They are unwilling to compromise on their dual burdens and prefer jobs with flexible timings. They are not unduly fashion-conscious but take pride in graceful clothing. Indian working women are managing their double roles admirably.

Questions:

1. What roles do Indian women play in life?
2. Give any two reasons behind working by a majority of women?
3. Why a majority of women prefer to stay in joint families?
4. When do the working women do shopping?
5. To whom do these women leave the financial decision making and budgeting?
6. Use the following in sentences to make their meaning clear:
   (i) traditional
   (ii) graceful

Answers:

1. They play traditional roles.
2. One, they work because they are qualified, Second, they want a second income.
3. They do so because their children can be taken care of
4. They do it on the way home from the office.
5. They leave these to their husbands.
6. (i) People in the villages wear traditional dresses.
   (ii) She walked with a graceful manner to receive the award.

Passage 8

1. For its size, the goat provides man with more useful things than almost any other animal, yet it often does not receive the food and care given to other animals. The goat will try to eat anything and will put up with the most uncomfortable surroundings. But if it is well-fed and carefully housed, the goat will produce much better milk, flesh and wool.

2. The goat is very closely related to the sheep. In fact, it looks very much like a sheep except for three things. It has a shorter tail which turns up instead of hanging down Goats (both males and females) have beards and backward slanting horns, whereas male sheep (rams) have curly horns. Goats have hairy coat whereas sheep a woollen one.

3. Goats can be divided into three groups – the Swiss goats, the eastern goats, and the wool goats. The Swiss goats, which are found all over Europe and have upright pointed ears, produce a fine quality of milk. Goat’s milk is considered to be especially good for babies and invalids because it is easier to digest than cow’s milk. It is also made into cheese and use in the manufacture of the famous Swiss chocolate. The eastern goats which have long, drooping ears, are raised both for milk and flesh. They are also valued for their short wool, which may be black, tan or white. However, the best wool comes from two goats in the third group – the Angora and the Cashment breeds. The Angora, which came originally from near Ankara, the capital of Turkey is now bred in eastern Europe, Southern Africa, Australia, and the United States. The smaller Cashmere goat is difficult to raise outside its native home of Kashmir. It’s so under-hair has long been used to make the famous Cashmere shawls. (295 words)
Word-meanings: 1. slanting—not straight, >qds gq, 2. upright—vertically straight up lh/k [kM+k gqvk, 3. dropping—to hand downwards, uhps yVdk gq, A

Questions:

1. (a)How can you say that the goat is not fairly treated?
   (b) How can the goad be made more useful?
   (c) List the three differences between a goat and a sheep.
   (d) Name the three different groups of goats.
   (e) What are the Swiss goats famous for?
2. Find in the passage words that mean:
   (i) hanging downwards
   (ii) in the beginning.
3. What is meant by the words:
   (i) invalid
   (ii) upright?

Answers:

1. (a) A goat provides us with more things than almost any other animal, yet it does hot receive the food and care given to other animals.
   (b) We can make the goat more useful by feeding and housing it more carefully.
   (c) The goat has a shorter tail which turns up instead of hanging down. Goats have slanting horns; sheep have curly horns. Goats have a hairy coat, sheep have a woolly coat.
   (d) The three groups of goats are Swiss goats, eastern goats, and wool goats.
   (e) The Swiss goats are famous for producing fine quality of milk.
2. (i) drooping
   (ii) originally
3. (i) a person who has been made weak by illness or injury.
   (ii) vertically straight upwards.

Passage 9

1. Few animals are more disliked by human beings than rats. They are dents of gnawing animals and are found in nearly every part of the world. Wild rats are harmless but the rats in towns and villages probably do more harm than all other animals put together. They live wherever there are houses, bams and stores of grains.

2. The word ‘rat’ usually refers to two quite different kinds of the rat. They are the house rat or black rat and the brown rat. The brown rat is distinctly larger, with a body length” of up to 25 centimetres; its tail is always shorter than its body. The black rat is more lightly built and has a body length of 20 centimetres; it has a tail longer than its body.

3. Rats do terrible damage by eating and spoiling stores foodstuffs. They may also cause fires by gnawing through gas pipes, or flooding by making holes in water pipes. In history, black rats are chiefly known as spreaders of bubonic plague, one of the world’s worst diseases. This was the disease that killed so many people during the Black Death in the 14th century and the Plague of London in 1664-65. The germs of bubonic plague are passed to human beings by fleas which leave a sick or dead rate to find another creature on which to live.

4. Rats are able to live in all kinds of climates. They are even known to live in the refrigerated sections of meat shops, where they grow long coats to keep themselves warm.

5. One of the main reasons why rates are so widespread is that they breed very quickly. A female rate may have eight litters in years with anythings up to 20 young ones in each litter. In about three months, each of these young rats can start breeding.

Questions:

1. (a) Why are rats disliked?
   (b) How does a black rate differ from a brown rat?
   (c) What harm can rats do in homes and cities?
   (d) How are the germs of bubonic plague passed on to human beings?
   (e) Why are rats so widespread?
2. What do these words mean?
   (i) rodents
   (ii) bubonic.
3. Give the synonyms of:
   (i) widespread
   (ii) terrible.

Answers:

1. (a) Rats are disliked because they can do terrible harm to our crops and things at home.
   (b) The brown rat is larger than the black rat. The black rat has a tail longer than its body.
   (c) Rats can eat and spoil stored foodstuffs. They can cause fires by gnawing through gas pipes. They can cause flooding by making holes in water pipes.
   (d) The germs of bubonic plague passed on to human beings, spread by fleas which leave a sick or dead rate to find another creature on which to live.
   (e) The main reason why rats are so wide-spread is that they breed very quickly.
2. (i) Small animals with sharp strong front teeth.
   (ii) Causing inflamed swelling in the armpits.
3. (i) general, common
   (ii) dreadful, horrible.

Passage 10

1. The Buddha’s real name was Siddhartha. He was the son of a Sakya king in north India. He and his family were all Hindus and belonged to the Gautama clan.

2. Gautama Siddhartha was brought up in luxury. He lived in his father’s palace and saw nothing of the outside world until he was a young man. Then one day, accompanied by his charioteer Channa, Prince Siddhartha went round the city. On his way, he saw some sights that he had never seen before. First, he saw a man who was very old and was bent with age. Then he saw a man who was suffering from a terrible disease possibly leprosy. And then he saw a dead man who was being taken to the cremation ground. These sights made the Prince wy sad.

3. Now a complete change came in Gautama Siddhartha’s life. He was filled with longing to find the cause and cure of human sufferings. Although he was married and had a baby son. he left his home in search of X truth. He was then only 28.

4. First of all, Gautama went to two Hindu priests. He wanted to know from them the cause of human sufferings. But the priests could not give him any satisfactory answers. Now Gautama tried to live the life of an ascetic. For six years, he tortured himself so that he could become indifferent to any kind of pain. He was reduced to a mere skeleton. But eventually, he realized that all this was foolish and useless. Now he sat in deep meditation under a bo tree near Gaya (in Bihar). Here, at last, he attained Enlightenment and found the answers to his questions. He was then 35 years old. (291 words)

Questions:

1. (a) Who was Gautama Siddhartha?
   (b) How did Gautama spend his childhood?
   (c) When and why did he leave his home?
   (d) Where did he go and why?
   (e) How did he attain enlightenment?
2. Find from the passage words that mean:
   (i) an infectious disease
   (ii) a strong desire.
3. Give the meanings of:
   (i) Clan
   (ii) indifferent

Answers:

1. (a) Gautam Siddartha was the son of a ‘Sakya King’ in northern India.
   (b) Gautam spent his childhood in Luxury.
   (c) Gautam left his home in search of truth when he was only 28 years old.
   (d) Gautam went to two Hindu priests. He wanted to know from them the cause of human sufferings.
   (e) Gautam sat under a tree near Gaya (in Bihar) in deep meditation. He attained Enlightenment here.
2. (i) Leprosy
   (ii) Longing.
3. (i) A social group stronger than a tribe.
   (ii) impartial, unconcerned.

Passage 11

1. In today’s world, everybody talks much about his rights. There is a great hue and cry if our rights are infringed. But nobody seems to bother much about his duties. That is why there is great unrest in our present-day life. Actually duties come first, and rights afterwards. Many a time one man’s right is another man’s duty and vice versa. For example, every man has the right to have an undisturbed sleep. So it becomes the duty of his neighbour not to tune his radio at too high a pitch. If we want to enjoy our rights, we should act in such a way that the rights of others do not trespass. It can happen only if we take due account of our duties also. In short, rights and duties are complementary things and not contradictory.

2. It is difficult to agree on which rights should be guaranteed to a citizen. For example, does a child have the right to be educated in his / her mother tongue? Some enthusiasts may say, ‘Certainly’: But others may say that while everyone must have a right to education, the government should not be forced to spend money to employ special teachers for the language of every group and community. Take another example. Does every adult have a right to a job? Some will say, ‘Yes’. Others will disagree and say that this is a privilege, not a right. They say that in these days of population explosion it is not possible for any government to ensure full employment.

3. There can be disagreement on such controversial issues, but there can be no disagreement on such things as the freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. Every nation worth the name must ensure these rights for her citizens. (302 words)

Questions:

1. (a) Why is there great unrest in present-day life?
   (b) What should we do to enjoy our rights?
   (c) What argument can be given against the right to be educated in one’s own mother tongue?
   (d) What argument can be given against the right of every adult to have a job?
   (e) Give one example from the passage to show that one man’s right is another man’s duty.
2. Find from the passage the synonyms of:
   (i) restrict
   (ii) encroach.
3. The world ‘undisturbed’ is the opposite of ‘disturbed’ formed by adding the prefix un-. Give two other examples of opposite formed by adding the prefix un-.

Answers:

1. (a) There is great unrest as our rights are restricted.
   (b) We should act in such a way that the rights of others are not trespassed to enjoy our rights. Then only we may enjoy our rights.
   (c) Job to an adult is a privilege, not a right.
   (d) Every man has the right to have an undisturbed sleep. So it becomes the duty of his neighbour not to tune his radio at too high a pitch.
   (e) Everybody must have a right to education, the government should not be forced to spend money to employ special teachers for the language of every group and community. It is the issue to be argued.
2. (i) infringe
   (ii) trespass
3. (i) uninterrupted
   (ii) undecided

Passage 12

1. The present, system of education was founded by the British for their own convenience. Lord Macaulay was the father and founder of this system. He wanted it to produce clerks to help the British in running their administration. Today the English have gone but the same old system of education still continues. This system of education has many defects. It must be changed and overhauled.

2. The greatest defect m our present system of education is that it is too theoretical. An educated man has only bookish knowledge. He knows nothing about practical things, lie finds that his education has not made him fit to do any useful work for his society.

3. The present system of education does not teach as us the dignity of labour. A student is not taught or trained to do things with his hands. Manual or physical labour finds no place in education. Educated young men are fit only to be clerks in offices. They look down on manual labour. They consider it below their dignity to do such work.

4. Vocational education is the need of the hour. We need more and’ more technicians, engineers and debtors. But, the number of vocational institutions – Engineering and Medical Colleges, Polytechnics and I.T.I.’s – is limited. A large number of young men and women, who can do well as technicians, are deprived Of technical or vocational training.

5. The present system of education gives too much importance to English. At many places, it is the medium of instruction. English may be an international language. It may have rich treasures of science and literature. But it can never be our national language. Education must be imparted in the mother tongue. This will save much talent of the country from going waste. (300 words)

Questions:

1. (a) What kind of educational system did Macaulay devise and why?
   (b) What is the greatest defect in our present-day system of education?
   (c) Why do our educated youth hate physical labour?
   (d) What changes should be made in our system of education?
   (e) What, according to you, should be the medium of instruction? Give your reasons.
2. Find from the passage words that mean:
   (i) professional
   (ii) drawbacks.
3. Use these phrases in sentences of your own:
   (i) look down on
   (ii) go waste.

Answers:

1. (a) Lord Macaulay devised the educational system to produce clerks. He did so to help the British in running their administration.
   (b) The greatest defect in our present-day system of education is that it is too theoretical and provides bookish knowledge only.
   (c) The educational youth hate physical labour as they consider it below their dignity to do such work.
   (d) Vocational education is the need of the hour. It should be included in the educational system.
   (e) The medium of instruction should be our mother tongue and the education must be provided in it. This will save much talent of the country from going waste.
2. (i) vocational
   (ii) defects
3. (i) despise, discard
   (ii) useless

Passage 13

1. Today we know about each and every part of the world. There is no land or sea that is not known to us. Man has explored every comer of the world, and he knows all the ways and routes from anywhere to everywhere in the world. He can reach from one place to the other as safely, easily and quickly as he likes. He has maps to guide him and the fastest means of transport to carry him.

2. But for ages, most of the world was unknown to man. To begin with, he lived in caves. Then he came out of caves and started making homes in little comers of forests or behind the hills. He was afraid of wild animals and also of the clouds and the winds. He offered prayers and sacrifices to gods who, he thought, controlled the clouds and the winds. But slowly, through long centuries, men began to explore what lay beyond their caves, hills and forests where they had their homes. They went in their boats, first on the rivers and then across the seas. At first, they remained close to the shore, and each new voyager went a little further than the previous one.

3. To those early travellers, the earth seemed to be a vast, fiat world. They feared what would happen if they reached the edge. They believed that if they sailed Southway the sea would become so hot and boiling that life would be impossible. Towards the north, they thought, it must be too cold for anything to live. Till only five hundred years ago, nearly all men believed this. When some Portuguese explorers began to sail southward, their seamen revolted and refused to go further. They believed that the steaming waters of the southern seas would boil them like potatoes. (304 words)

Questions:

1. (a) How is it that we know every part of the world now?
   (b) Where did the early man make homes for himself and why?
   (c) Why were sacrifices offered to gods?
   (d) What did the early man do to explore the world beyond his home?
   (e) What did the early explorers think about the world?
2. Find from the passage the synonyms of:
   (i) search, find
   (ii) declined
3. The word ‘impossible’ is the opposite of ‘possible ‘formed by adding the prefix im-. Give two other opposites formed by adding the prefix im-.

Answers:

1. (a) Man has explored every corner of the world. He knows all the ways and routes from anywhere and everywhere in the world.
   (b) The early man lived in caves. Afterwards, he came out of. Caves and started making homes in little comers of forests or behind the hills.
   (c) Sacrifices were offered to god’s because early man (man at the time) thought that the clouds and the wind had been controlled by god.
   (d) The early man went in their boards on the rivers and across the sea to explore what lay beyond their caves, hills and forests.
   (e) To the early explorers, the earth seemed to be a vast, flat world. They feared what would happen if they reached the edge.
2. (i) explore
   (ii) refused
3. (i) improper
   (ii) immovable

Passage 14

1. Our earth has a fine layer of soil at the surface. All plants grow in this soil only. Uner the soil, there are rocks of various kinds. Nature takes millions of years to form an inch of soil in thickness. But sometimes a single heavy shower can wash it off. Such things don’t happen in places where we have forests or lots of trees. The roots of trees hold the soil together and protect it from being washed off.

2. We value trees not only for their usefulness but also for their beauty. They refresh the eyes and bring peace to the mind. That is why our ancient rishis were attracted to the forests. They lived in their forest homes or ashramas in the company of nature. It was in these ashramas that they taught their pupils. When Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore started a school, he also chose a place full of trees, he called it Shantiniketan or the Home of Peace.

3. There was a time when our hills, mountains and even plains were covered with huge forests. As the population grew, trees were cut down to meet the demand for fuel and timber. Thus our wonderful forests came to be destroyed. Now we don’t have enough trees to give us firewood even. So people are forced to bum cattle-dung which ought to be saved for use as manure. Cattle-dung is very necessary to maintain the fertility of the soil. Chemical fertilizers alone can’t help. In many areas, where only chemical fertilizers are used, the crop yields have started falling.

4. There is another grave danger. Now we don’t have enough trees to treat all the carbon dioxide that is being produced in our homes, factories and by our autos. The air remains polluted and it can give us a number of serious diseases. (300 words)

Questions:

1. (a) What lies beneath the surface of the earth?
   (b) How do trees help to save the soil from being washed off?
   (c) Why did our ancient rishis love to live in forests?
   (d) How have our trees and forests come to be destroyed?
   (e) How do trees help to save the air from pollution?
2. Find from the passage words that mean :
   (i) save
   (ii) increased.
3. Give the verb forms of
   (i) peace
   (ii) population

Answers:

1. (a) There are rocks beneath the surface of the earth.
   (b) The roots of trees hold the soil together and protect it from being washed off.
   (c) Our ancient ‘rishis’ loved to live in the forest because trees in the forest refresh the eyes and bring peace to the mind.
   (d) Trees were cut down to meet the demand for fuel and timber, with the extraordinary growth in population.
   (d) Trees help to save the air from pollution by treating carbon dioxide which is being produced in our homes.
2. (i) protect
   (ii) decay, diminish
3. (i) peace
   (ii) populate

Passage 15

1. Helen Keller was born in 1880 at Tuscumbia. When she was only nineteen months old, she had a strange kind of fever. The fever left her blind and deaf.

2. Helen used simple signs to tell what she wanted. For example, a shake of the head meant ‘no’, and a nod meant ‘yes’. A pull meant ‘come’, and a push meant ‘go’. But often she found it difficult to communicate with others. This made her angry. In her anger, she would dash things to the floor. Sometimes she would even lock her mother in the kitchen.

3. Helen’s parents were sad but they didn’t lose heart. They got the services of a very capable teacher for their daughter. She was Annie Sullivan, an expert in teaching the blind. Annie had herself been blind for a time, but now she had recovered her eyesight, though’ partly. Her experience of blindness had given her much sympathy for the blind.

4. Annie’s job was not an easy one because Helen was wild and self-willed by nature. She was almost impossible to control. But Annie was a patient teacher. She proved herself equal to the task. Annie began with the teaching of words. She would take Helen’s lingers lightly in her hand. Then she would make different signs with them. Different positions of the fingers stood for different letters, called the finger alphabet.

5. At first, Helen did not know that she was spelling a word. She didn’t even know that there was any such thing as words. She simply made the signs with Miss Sullivan’s help. But when she began to understand, there was no stopping her. In three months, she learnt three hundred words. She learnt so quickly that she became famous worldwide for her accomplishments. (298 words)

Questions:

1. (a) What happened to Helen Keller when she was a little baby?
   (b) What was it that made her angry as a child? What would she do then?
   (c) What did Helen’s parents do for her?
   (d) How was Annie’s job not an easy one? What was her job?
   (e) How did Helen learn to spell words on her fingers?
2. Find from the passage words that mean :
   (i) regained
   (ii) out of control
3. Use these phrases in sentences of your own:
   (i) lose heart
   (ii) prove herself equal to the task.

Answers:

1. (a) Helen Keller had a strange kind of fever when she was a little child. The fever left her blind and deaf.
   (b) Helen used simple signs to tell others what she wanted. But often she found it difficult to communicate with others, which made her angry. She would dash things to the floor and sometimes even look her mother in the kitchen.
   (c) Helen’s parents got the services of Annie Sullivan’, an expert in teaching the blind.
   (d) Annie’s job was not an easy one because Helen was wild and self- willed by nature. It was almost impossible to control her even.
   (e) Annie began with the teaching of words taking Helen’s fingers lightly in her hand. Then she would make different signs with them. It made Helen spell words on her fingers
2. (i) recovered
   (ii) wild
3. (i) We should not lose our heart in our troublesome days.
   (ii) Pooja has always proved herself equal to the task even in the adverse circumstances.

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Get Updated Bihar Board Class 9th English Book Solutions in PDF Format and download them free of cost. Bihar Board Class 9 English Book Solutions Poem 7 I Am Like Grass Questions and Answers provided are as per the latest exam pattern and syllabus. Access the topics of Panorama English Book Class 9 Solutions Poem 7 I Am Like Grass through the direct links available depending on the need. Clear all your queries on the Class 9 English Subject by using the Bihar Board Solutions for Poem 7 I Am Like Grass existing.

Panorama English Book Class 9 Solutions Poem 7 I Am Like Grass

If you are eager to know about the Bihar Board Solutions of Class 9 English Poem 7 I Am Like Grass Questions and Answers you will find all of them here. You can identify the knowledge gap using these Bihar Board Class 9 English Solutions PDF and plan accordingly. Don’t worry about the accuracy as they are given after extensive research by people having subject knowledge alongside from the latest English Textbooks.

Bihar Board Class 9 English I Am Like Grass Text Book Questions and Answers

A. Work in small groups and discuss the questions given below:

Question 1.
Have you seen grass?
Answer:
Yes, I have seen grass.

Question 2.
How does it look?
Answer:
It looks green.

Question 3.
How do you feel when you walk on it?
Answer:
While walking I feel soft sensation and I feel pleasant enough.

Question 4.
Can a man be compared to grass? Read, the poem and see why the poet thinks himself similar to grass.
Answer:
Yes, a man can be compared to grass. Because he is humble and low like grass. It cannot be obliterated forever. Similar is the case with human life.

B.1. Answer the following questions very briefly:

Question 1.
Why does the poet say that he is like grass?
Answer:
The poet says that he is like grass because he has the ability to bounce back as does the grass after chopping and moving.

Question 2.
Why does the poet say that he will sprout again even after being mowed down?
Answer:
The poet says that he will sprout again even after being moved down because nothing can erase his identity.

Question 3.
What makes the poet say that people can’t erase his identity?
Answer:
Because he has the capability to sprout again and his mantle can cover everything.

Question 4.
What will his mantle cover?
Answer:
His mantle will cover everything.

B.2. Answer the following questions very briefly:

Question 1.
What do Banga and Sangrur refer to?
Answer:
Banga and Sangrur refer to the fact that no destruction of human life can have a permanent effect. Life will definitely bounce back sometime.

Question 2.
“And reduce the whole district of Ludhiana to ashes.” What does this line suggest?
Answer:
The given line suggests that it is easy to destroy human habitation but no destruction can be forever. It is only a matter of time that these habitations start teeming with life again.

Question 3.
What time will it take for the poet to come back to his normal state?
Answer:
It can not take more than ten years for the poet to come back to his normal state.

Question 4.
Why will the tourists visit the green jungle or Barnala?
Answer:
The tourists will visit the green ‘jungle of Barnala’ for its greenery which is suggestive to life.

C.1. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why has the poet compared himself to grass? What are the features of grass?
Answer:
The poet has compared himself to grass because of the similarity between human life and grass. As grass is soft, smooth and can be cut easily but the more important thing is that it has the capability to sprout after being chopped. Similar is the case with human life. No destruction of human life or habitation can be forever.

Question 2.
The grass is soft, smooth and not rough. It is easily cut. But the poet here has used it as a symbol. What does grass symbolise here?
Answer:
The poet has used grass as a symbol here. It is to suggest that sprouting or bouncing back to life is innate to human life or nature. It is the symbol of regeneration, greenery and happiness.

Question 3.
The poem suggests the resolute nature of the poet. Do you agree with it? Give your own opinion.
Answer:
No mowing or chopping of the grass can destroy it forever. The fact that the poet compares himself to the grass clearly suggests that he. too has the resoluteness of the grass to survive. He is confident that he cannot be destroyed forever. The poet seems to be an optimist. This is very important in the poem.

Question 4.
What is the background of his poem? In what circumstances do you think this poem has been written?
Answer:
The background of this poem is according to my view is terrorism. I think the poem has been written during the turbulence in Punjab when some terrorists tried to disturb the peace. That was the circumstances in which the poem was written.

Question 5.
Summarise the poem in about 100 words.
Answer:
See Summary of the poem.

C.2. Group Discussion

Discuss the following in groups or pairs:

Question 1.
Nature is our best teacher.
Answer:
A teacher is an educator. Education always works in two ways. It should inspire and encourage. It should also control and restrict. It should provide a free atmosphere for the growth of the child. It should also teach discipline. Nature intended to do exactly the same for students. So under the influence of Nature would develop not only the beauty of looks and figure but a moral sense and wisdom. One is capable of feeling the spirit of divinity in everything around one’s in natural surroundings. One can find peculiar joy and peace in rocks and plains. So a child is brought up in the artificial atmosphere of a city’s educational institutions becomes a less ethical youth. Naturalist like Plato says, “Come to nature and learn from it.” The great poet William Wordsworth feels God is everywhere manifest in the harmony of nature.” And he felt deeply the kinship between nature and the soul of humankind. Thus it proves that Nature is the best teacher.

Question 2.
We can always get inspiration from Nature.
Answer:
Nature is the guide and guardian. We can always get inspiration from it. It is a high priest. It is believed that man can form a living contact with Nature. Nature wholesomely influences human character. Nature not only gives comfort to the disturbed human mind, but she can also rear him up .like a sympathetic and loving nurse. Thus Nature exercises a positive influence on man by keeping close contact with Nature, man can absorb the wholesome spirit and inspiration and develop the qualities of body, mind and spirit.

Comprehension Based Questions with Answers

1. I am like grass
you can chop me mow me down
but I shall sprout again
grow
and bounce back
you can obliterate my signposts
you can bomb the Universities
reduce the hostels to rubble
you may scorch the Slums
but you cannot erase my identity
because I am like grass
I will sprout again
and my mantle shall cover everything

Questions:

1. Name the poem and the poet.
2. What does the poet compare himself to?
3. What can be done to signpost, universities, hostels, and slums?
4. What is the confidant of?

Answers:

1. The name of the poem is ‘I am like Grass’ and the poet is Pash.
2. The poet compares himself to the grass.
3. Signpost may be destroyed universities can be bombed hostels may be reduced to rubble and slums may be burnt.
4. The poet is confident of sprouting, growing and bouncing back.

2. You may bomb Banga
you may destroy Sangrur
and reduce the whole district of Ludhiana to ashes
but it will be only a matter of time
two years ten years
before my green mantle covers everything again
I shall become a vast green jungle
the green jungle of Barnala
where tourists will visit me
visit my green jungle
because I am like grass
you can chop me
you can mow down
but I will sprout again
and cover everything

Questions:

1. Which places may they destroy?
2. What may happen to Ludhiana?
3. In what time will grass cover again?
4. Who will visit him and where?
5. Find the word from the stanzas given which mean ‘loose covering’.

Answers:

1. They may bomb Banga and destroy Sangrur.
2. The whole district of Ludhiana may be reduced to ashes.
3. It will take two years or ten years for green clothing to cover everything again.
4. Tourist will visit him at the green jungle of Bamala.
5. Mantle.

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Bihar Board Class 9 English Grammar Tenses

Past Tense
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of given Verbs
1. Past Indefinite Tense (V₂)
Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है-
(a) भूतकाल में पूरी हुई किसी क्रिया के लिए :

1. We learnt English at school.
2. He killed a snake..
3. My father taught in this school.

(b) भूतकाल के सम्बन्ध में किसी आदत, अथवा प्रायः होने वाली क्रिया के लिए :

1. He came to me every evening.
2. He never told a lie.
3. I always spoke the truth.

2. Past Continuous Tense (was/were V₁-ing)
Past Progressive Tense का प्रयोग तब किया जाता है जब कोई क्रिया भूतकाल में किसी निश्चित समय पर अथवा किसी निश्चित अवधि के दौरान चल रही हो।

1. He was writing a letter when I saw him.
2. I was reading a novel yesterday afternoon.

Past Progressive तथा Simple Past के अन्तर को अच्छी प्रकार से समझ लेना चाहिए।
Simple Past Tense – भूतकाल में पूरी हो चुकी क्रिया के लिए।
Past Progressive Tense – भूतकाल में जारी रही क्रिया के लिए।
Past Progressive का प्रयोग उस स्थिति में किया जाता है जब हमारी मुख्य रुचि क्रिया के समय में न हो, अपितु क्रिया के जारी रहने में हो।
क्रिया के पूरे होने में हमारी रुचि कम होती है और क्रिया के जारी रहने की स्थिति पर अधिक बल होता है। यदि हमारो रुचि क्रिया के पूरा होने में हो तो Simple Past का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Completed activity (V2)	Continuing activity (was/were V1-ing)
1. He came into the room	while I was waiting.
2. I saw her	as I was passing yesterday.
3. I dropped my watch	while I was winding it.
4. When you telephoned	we were playing.
5. It began to rain	just as we were leaving the house.

3. Past Perfect Tense (had + V₃)
Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है :
(a) ऐसी क्रिया के लिए जो भूतकाल में किसी निश्चित समय (moment) से पहले, या किसी निश्चित समय तक पूरी हो चुकी हो।

1. The patient had died before the doctor came.
2. I had finished my work by evening.

(b) किसी असन्तुष्ट इच्छा को प्रकट करने के लिए।

1. I wish my father had been here at this time.
2. I wish I had worked harder.

(c) Present Perfect अथवा Simple Past वाले किसी वाक्य को Direct कथन से Indirect कथन में बदलने के लिए भी इस Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

1. He said, “The train arrived late.” (Simple Past)
   He said that the train had arrived late. (Past Perfect)
2. He said, “I have left my parents.” (Present Perfect)
   He said that he had left his parents. (Past Perfect)

(d) यदि किसी वाक्य में भूतकाल में घटित दो घटनाओं का वर्णन हो, तो उनमें से जो घटना पहले घटी हो, उसके लिए Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है, और जो घटना अपेक्षाकृत रूप से बाद में घटी हो, तो उसके लिए Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है
Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग तभी किया जाना चाहिए यदि भूतकाल में होने वाली कोई क्रिया किसी अन्य क्रिया की अपेक्षा पहले पूरी होने का भाव रखती हो।
(Past Perfect Tense is never used except to show the priority of one past event to another)

Earlier action Past Perfect (had + V3)	Later action Past Indefinite (V2)
1. The bell had rung	before I reached the school.
2. We had finished this lesson	before he came.
3. She had gone mad	before her brother arrived.
4. The patient had died	when the doctor stepped in.

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (had + been + V₁-ing)
Past Perfect Continuous Tense का प्रयोग तब किया जाता है यदि कोई क्रिया भूतकाल में आरम्भ होकर भूतकाल में ही किसी निश्चित समय पर चल रही हो. जैसे-
When I reached there at 2 p.m., he had been waiting for me since 1.30 p.m.

Important Questions solved

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs given in brackets.

Question 1.

1. I _________ him last year. (See)
2. The train __________ before we reached the station. (leave)
3. He ________ to school by bus. (go)
4. They __________ here for five years. (live)

Answer:

1. I saw him last year.
2. The train had left before we reached the station.
3. He goes to school by bus.
4. They have been living here for five years.

Question 2.

1. The sun _________ in the east. (rise)
2. He _________ to school every day. (go)
3. I wish I ________ a good man. (was)
4. He _________ the poor yesterday. (feed)

Answer:

1. The sun rises in the east.
2. He went to school yesterday.
3. I wish I were a good man.
4. He fed the poor yesterday.

Question 3.

1. Have you _______ him? (See)
2. He ________ the school before the bell rang. (reach)
3. They were _________ Out an hour ago. (see)
4. We __________ a film last night (see)

Answer:

1. Have you seen him?
2. He had reached the school before the bell rang.
3. They were seen out an hour ago.
4. We saw a film last night.

Question 4.

1. We have not ________ him for a year. (see)
2. Who _________ my book? (steal)
3. My brother __________ home a week ago. (go)
4. The price of mangoes __________ gone up. (has)

Answer:

1. We have not seen him for a year.
2. Who has stolen my book?
3. My brother went home a week ago.
4. The price of mangoes has gone up.

Question 5.

1. While we worked, they _______ (play)
2. I _______ working there. (has)
3. She __________ here since 1989. (live)
4. The sun _________ when we went out. (shine)

Answer:

1. While we worked, they played.
2. I have been working there.
3. She has been living here since 1989.
4. The sun was shining when we went out.

Question 6.

1. He _______ for Patna next week. (leave)
2. It ________ since last night. (rain)
3. The price of things ________ up. (go)
4. She did not ________ a letter. (write)

Answer:

1. He is leaving for Patna next week.
2. It has been raining since last night.
3. The price of things has gone up.
4. She did not write a letter.

Question 7.
Fill in the blanks with correct Tense of the verbs given in brackets.

1. Columbus ______ America (discover)
2. The cinema show _________ when I reached the hall. (start)
3. After he met with an accident he ________ to a hospital. (take)
4. The old lady _______ the Gita when the guests arrived. (read)

Answer:

1. Columbus discovered America.
2. The cinema show had started when I reached the hall.
3. After he met with an accident he was taken to a hospital.
4. The old lady was reading the Gita when the guests arrived.

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Get Updated Bihar Board Class 9th English Book Solutions in PDF Format and download them free of cost. Bihar Board Class 9 English Book Solutions Grammar Prepositions Questions and Answers provided are as per the latest exam pattern and syllabus. Access the topics of Panorama English Book Class 9 Solutions Grammar Prepositions through the direct links available depending on the need. Clear all your queries on the Class 9 English Subject by using the Bihar Board Solutions for Grammar Prepositions existing.

Bihar Board Class 9 English Grammar Prepositions

ध्यातव्य: English grammar में Preposition एक महत्त्वपूर्ण विषय है। इसकी सही जानकारी नहीं रहने के कारण अनेक गलतियाँ होती हैं और वाक्य अशद्ध हो जाता है।
अंग्रेजी में Preposition की परिभाषा इस प्रकार है-
A Preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show its relation to some other words in the sentence.
अर्थात Preposition किसी Noun या Pronoun के पहले आता है एवं यह उस Noun या Pronoun का सम्बन्ध किसी दूसरे शब्द के साथ दिखाता है। जैसे-
The book is on the table.
He writes with a pen.
यहाँ on और with Prepositions हैं। क्योंकि ये क्रमश: table और pen के साथ संबंध स्थापित करते हैं।

Use of Prepositions with Nouns, Adjectives and Verbs:
(i) नीचे लिखे Nouns के बाद Preposition with लगता है-
affection, ambition, anxiety, appetite, blame, candidate, capacity, compassion, desire, liking, match, need, opportunity, passion, pity, reputation.
(ii) नीचे लिखे Nouns के बाद Preposition with लगता है-
acquaintance, alliance, comparison, enmity, intimacy, relations.
(iii) नीचे लिखे Nouns के बाद Preposition of लगता हैexperience, failure, proof, result, want.
(iv) नीचे लिखे Nouns के बाद Preposition from लगता है-
escape, exemption, inference, descent, respite.
(v) नीचे लिखे Nouns के बाद Preposition to लगता है-
access, antidote, alternative, approach, assent, attachment, attention, disgrace, dislike, exception, indifference, invitation, key, limit, obedience, objection, opposition, preface, reference, submission.

Adjectives followed by Prepositions
(i) नीचे Adjectives के बाद to Preposition लगता है-
addicted, accustomed, adjacent, affectionate, alive, appropriate, beneficial, common, contrary, deaf, devoted, due, equal, essential, faithful, fall, foreign, hostile, inclined, indebted, inimical, limited, loyal, natural, necessary, obedient, obliged, opposite, painful, profitable, reduced, related, responsible, sacred, sensitive, subject, suitable, true, tantamount.
(ii) नीचे लिखे Adjectives के बाद in Preposition लगता है-
accurate, backward, correct, defective, deficient, experienced. fertile, honest, interested
(iii) नीचे लिखे Adjectives के बाद Preposition with लगता है-
acquainted, busy, contented, delighted, disgusted, gifted, infected, infested, intimate, invested, overcome, popular, satisfied.
(iv) नीचे लिखे Adjectives के बाद Preposition of लगता है-
accused, acquitted, afraid, aware, certain, composed, confident, conscious, convicted, convened, deprived, desirous, devoid, dull, envious, fearful, found, greedy, guilty, ignorant, informed. innocent, lame, proud, sick, sure, suspicious, tolerant, void, weary, worthy.
(v) नीचे लिखे Adjectives के बाद Preposition for लगता है-
anxious, eager, eligible, fit, good, grateful, prepared, proper, qualified, ready, sorry, useful, sufficient.

Verbs followed by Prepositions
(i) नीचे दिए Verbs के बाद Preposition to लगता है-
accede, adapt, allot, apologize, appoint, assent, attend, belong, consent, contribute, lead, listen, object, prefer, refer, revert, stoop, submit, succumb, surrender, yield.
(ii) नीचे दिए Verbs के बाद Preposition from लगता है-
abstain, alight, debar, derive, differ, escape, prevent, prohibition, protect, recover, refrain.
(iii) नीचे दिए Verbs के बाद Preposition with लगता है-
associate, bear, clash, comply, condole, credit, disagree, dispense, fill, part, quarrel, side, sympathize.
(iv) नीचे दिए Verbs के बाद Preposition of लगता है-
acquit, beware, boast, complain, despair, die, disapprove, dispose of, dream, divest, repent, approve.
(v) नीचे दिए Verbs के बाद Preposition for लगता है-
canvass, care, feel, hope, mourn, pine, start, wish, vote
(vi) नीचे दिए Verbs के बाद Preposition in लगता है-
delight, employ, excel, fail, indulge, persist.
(vii) नीचे दिए Verbs के बाद Preposition on लगता है-
comment, depend, dwell, encroach, insist.

नीचे कुछ Important Nouns. Adjectives तथा Verbs दिए जाते हैं जिनके साथ भिन्न-भिन्न Prepositions का प्रयोग वाक्यों में करके दिखाया गया है। छात्र उन्हें ध्यान से पढ़ेंगे और प्रयोग जान लेंगे।

Important Questions Solved

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate preposition given in the brackets.

1. I am agreed ________ you (in, at, with)
2. He fell ________ the well. (in, on, into)
3. He is at home ________ English. (in, up, by)

Answer:

1. with
2. into
3. in

Question 2.
Select suitable preposition and fill in the blanks.

1. He is leaning ________ a wall. (to, towards, on, against)
2. He will soon start ________ home. (to, for, towards, at)
3. He send me a box ________ books. (with, of, for to)

Answer:

1. against
2. for
3. of

Question 3.
Select suitable prepositions and fill in the blanks.

1. The frog fell ________ the well. (down, into, in)
2. Rama went ________ market. (from, away, to)
3. Nancy is afraid ________ days. (of, from, with)

Answer:

1. into
2. to
3. of

Question 4.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions given in the brackets.

1. The Principal is ________ the office. (in, into, on)
2. Radha writes ________ a pen. (by, with, from)
3. A novel is written ________ him (with, by, of)

Answer:

1. in
2. with
3. by

Question 5.
Select the suitable prepositions and fill in the blanks.

1. I am anxious ________ the result. (for, from, on)
2. He is disqualified ________ the post (for, from, t0)
3. He deals ________ rice. (in, with from)

Answer:

1. for
2. for
3. in

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.

1. It is ________ ten o’clock. (above, as, about)
2. The sun was ________ the clouds. (before, by, behind)
3. I bought this pen ________ five rupees. (from, for, in)

Answer:

1. about
2. behind
3. in

Question 7.
Fill in the blansks with appropriate prepositions given in the brackets.

1. He felt pity ________ the poor. (with, to, for)
2. It is a disgrace ________ your school. (on, of, to)
3. It is ten ________ my watch. (with, by, as)

Answer:

1. for
2. to
3. by

Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions given in the brackets:

Note – प्रत्येक वाक्य के अंत में brackets के अंदर मोटे-काले अक्षरों में उत्तर दिया गया है।

Question 1.

1. I prefer milk ________ tea. (with, to, by)
2. She is proud ________ her beauty. (of, with on)
3. You have no taste ________ music. (in, for, on)
4. He felt pity ________ the poor. (to with, for)

Answer:

1. to
2. of
3. for
4. for

Question 2.

1. He does not listen ________ me. (for, on, to)
2. I am waiting ________ the postman. (on, for, to)
3. How will you deal ________ him? (in, on, with)
4. Men are different ________ animals. (with, from, on)

Answer:

1. to
2. for
3. with
4. from

Question 3.

1. He came here ________ three o’clock. (on, at, for)
2. It has been raining ________ Monday. (for, on, since)
3. I have not seen him ________ five days. (from, since, for)
4. He goes to school ________ bus. (on, by, from)

Answer:

1. at
2. since
3. for
4. by

Question 4.

1. It is ten ________ my watch. (with, in, by)
2. She danced ________ joy. (with, for, in)
3. They set the house ________ fire. (on, with, to)
4. It is a disgrace ________ our school. (on, for, to)

Answer:

1. by
2. with
3. on
4. to

Question 5.

1. Take care ________ your health. (on, of, about)
2. The teacher is angry ________ you. (at, upon, with)
3. He died ________ cholera. (of, with, by)
4. Beware ________ mad dogs. (to, on, of)

Answer:

1. of
2. with
3. of
4. of

Question 6.

1. I agree ________ you. (in at, with)
2. He fell ________ the well. (in, on, into)
3. He is at home ________ Englsih. (in, up, by)
4. A thief broke ________ my house. (in, into, on)

Answer:

1. with
2. into
3. in
4. into

Question 7.

1. Be attentive ________ your duty. (to, on from)
2. I believe ________ what he says. (on, upon, in)
3. We should abide ________ your advice. (to, by, from)
4. He was brought ________ by his grandfather. (on up, in)

Answer:

1. to
2. in
3. by
4. up

Question 8.

1. Some people have a real liking ________ the parrot. (for, to, in)
2. Manish appeared ________ the examination. (in, at, on)
3. He was making fun ________ her. (at, of, in)
4. I am anxious ________ the result. (for, from, on)

Answer:

1. for
2. at
3. of
4. for

Question 9.

1. He is disqualified ________ the post. (for, from, to)
2. The book fell ________ the ground. (at, on, to)
3. He believes ________ hard work. (in, on, upon)
4. They laughed ________ me. (on, at, for)

Answer:

1. for
2. to
3. in
4. at

Question 10.

1. Gandhiji had no ill-will ________ the Lancashire labourers. (for, against, about)
2. The village panchayat sat ________ the banyan tree. (of, on, under)
3. He looked ________ his parents. (on, after, up)
4. She is pleased ________ you. (at, upon, with)

Answer:

1. against
2. under
3. after
4. with

Question 11.

1. The ring was sold ________ rupees sixty. (in, for, on)
2. I called ________ the Chief Minister of Bihar yesterday. (at, on, to)
3. Miranda was aware ________ the danger. (from, of, for)
4. He is angry ________ his sons. (at, upon, with)

Answer:

1. for
2. on
3. of
4. with

Question 12.

1. The car came ________ a halt. (to, on, by)
2. We are not found ________ sweets. (for, of, with)
3. He stopped to look ________ the notice-board. (up, at, in)
4. Our school breaks ________ at five o’clock. (up, on, by)

Answer:

1. to
2. of
3. at
4. up

अब आपकी सुविधा के लिए प्रत्येक वाक्य के सामने brackets के अंदर केवल उत्तर दिया गया है ताकि आप उसे शीघ्र याद कर सकें।

Question 13.

1. I am pleased ________ you.
2. Don’t laugh ________ the beggar.
3. He is superior ________ this man.
4. I do not agree ________ you.
5. He waited ________ you.

Answer:

1. with
2. at
3. to
4. with
5. for

Question 14.

1. He has no interest ________ games.
2. He is always in need ________ help.
3. He travelled ________ his friend.
4. He travelled ________ car.
5. What is the time ________ your watch?

Answer:

1. in
2. of
3. with
4. by
5. by

Question 15.

1. She is blind ________ her faults.
2. The dog jumped ________ the river.
3. He was absent ________ school.
4. She succeeded ________ her examination.
5. I am satisfied ________ him.

Answer:

1. to
2. into
3. from
4. in
5. with

Question 16.

1. None will approve ________ your action.
2. We should abide ________ your advice.
3. I believe ________ what he says.
4. He is disgusted ________ his life.
5. Good health depends ________ several factors.

Answer:

1. of
2. by
3. in
4. with
5. on

Question 17.

1. Macbeth was written ________ Shakespeare.
2. She was standing ________ the gate
3. He was born ________ 1978.
4. She is jealous ________ me.
5. He is interested ________ music.

Answer:

1. by
2. at
3. in
4. of
5. in

Question 18.

1. Girls are found ________ dolls.
2. The book feil ________ the ground
3. I am not acquainted ________ him.
4. He has been working ________ four hours.
5. I have faith ________ him.

Answer:

1. of
2. to
3. with
4. for
5. in

Question 19.

1. I have been reading this book ________ three hours.
2. Please keep ________ the grass.
3. He was ashamed ________ his deeds.
4. You must pay attention ________ your health.
5. He is eligible ________ this post.

Answer:

1. for
2. off
3. with
4. to
5. for

Question 20.

1. You should give ________ smoking.
2. He went home ________ Monday.
3. He took ________ his coat.
4. He was deaf ________ my requests.
5. Be good ________ others.

Answer:

1. up
2. on
3. off
4. to
5. to

Question 21.

1. She is blind ________ the right eye.
2. He is prepared ________ the worst.
3. Satish is very ________ English.
4. We write ________ a pen.
5. He is fond ________ sweets.

Answer:

1. in
2. for
3. in
4. with
5. of

Question 22.

1. He is afraid ________ me.
2. Please send ________ a doctor.
3. The glass is full ________ milk.
4. He objected ________ my proposal.
5. The teacher is kind ________ all students.

Answer:

1. of
2. for
3. of
4. to
5. to

Question 23.

1. This house belongs ________ me.
2. She is sorry ________ what she did.
3. He deals ________ rice.
4. The work was done ________ haste.
5. The teacher is kind ________ at students.

Answer:

1. to
2. for
3. in
4. in
5. to

Question 24.

1. I am tired ________ this work.
2. What brought ________ the quarrel?
3. He is famous ________ his wisdom.
4. What are you talking ________?
5. I bought this book ________ Rs. 50.

Answer:

1. of
2. about
3. for
4. about
5. for

Question 25.

1. You cannot compete ________ him.
2. You prevented me ________ doing this.
3. He cried ________ the top of his voice.
4. He was disqualified ________ the post.
5. They were invited ________ tea.

Answer:

1. with
2. from
3. at
4. for
5. to

Hope you liked the article on Bihar Board Solutions of Class 9 English Grammar Prepositions Questions and Answers and share it among your friends to make them aware. Keep in touch to avail latest information regarding different state board solutions instantly.

Get Updated Bihar Board Class 9th English Book Solutions in PDF Format and download them free of cost. Bihar Board Class 9 English Book Solutions Grammar Modal Auxiliaries Questions and Answers provided are as per the latest exam pattern and syllabus. Access the topics of Panorama English Book Class 9 Solutions Grammar Modal Auxiliaries through the direct links available depending on the need. Clear all your queries on the Class 9 English Subject by using the Bihar Board Solutions for Grammar Modal Auxiliaries existing.

Bihar Board Class 9 English Grammar Modal Auxiliaries

Auxiliary Verb (सहायक क्रिया) – जिस Verb का अपना कोई महत्त्व न हो, किन्तु वह मुख्य Verb के साथ मिलकर Tense के बनाने में सहायता करे, उसे Auxiliary Verb अथवा Helping Verb कहा जाता है; जैसे

1. She is going to school. .
2. I have finished my work.
3. You will win a prize.
4. I can solve this question.

List of Auxiliary Verbs:

1. Be, am, is, are, was, were
2. Have, has, had
3. Do, does, did
4. Shall, should
5. Will, would
6. Can, could
7. May, might
8. Must have to, am to, etc.
9. Ought to
10. Used to
11. Need
12. Dare

Types of Auxiliaries
सहायक क्रियाएँ दो प्रकार की हो सकती हैं-

1. Primary Auxiliaries	2. Modal Auxiliaries
Be: am, is, are, was, were; do, does, did; have, has, had.	Will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must (am to, is to, are to, have to, etc.) ought to, used to, need, dare.
1. Primary auxiliaries को स्वतन्त्र रूप से main verb के रूप में भी प्रयोग किया जा सकता है He is a rich man.	1. Modal auxiliaries को स्वतन्त्र रूप से main verb के रूप में  प्रयोग नहीं किया जा सकता है। He will go.
2. इनका रूप कर्ता के person और number के अनुसार बदल जाता है। I am going home.	2. इन पर कर्ता के person और number का कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता है। I will study hard.
3. Be, do, have के पूर्व to लगा कर इन्हें infinitive क्रियाओं के रूप में प्रयोग किया जा सकता है She wants to be rich.	3. किसी भी modal auxiliary पूर्व to का प्रयोग नहीं किया जा सकता है।
4. Be और have के साथ ing लगा कर इन्हें Participle बनाया जा सकता है।	4. किसी भी modal auxiliary के साथ ing का प्रयोग नहीं किया जा सकता है। Being tired, I went home.

The Use of Some Modals

Will and Shall का प्रयोग।
will और Shall सम्बन्धी प्रयोग के लिए निम्नलिखित नियम ध्यान में रखिए-

In Assertive Sentences
1. यदि किसी भविष्य की घटना का केवल साधारण रूप में ही वर्णन करना हो, तो
First Person के लिए shall का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Second और Third Persons के लिए will का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
I shall finish my work quickly.

2. यदि वाक्य में किसी भविष्य सम्बन्धी आदेश (command), प्रण (promise), निश्चय (determination), धमकी (threat) आदि का वर्णन हो तो–
First Person के लिए will का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Second और Third Person के लिए shall का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
I will return your money without fail.

3. यदि वक्ता अपने किसी भविष्य-सम्बन्धी उद्देश्य (intention) को प्रकट करना चाहता हो, तो वह अपने लिए will का प्रयोग करेगा। अर्थात् ऐसे वाक्यों में
First Person के साथ will का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
I will appear in the Senior Secondary Examination next year.

Would तथा Should का प्रयोग
I. Would का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

1. Will का Past – I told him that I would come.
2. प्रार्थना वाचक Would you close the window?
3. शर्त वाचक – He would pass if he worked hard.

II. Should का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

1. उपदेश वाचक – You should give up smoking.
2. सम्भावना वाचक – They should be here by now.
3. नैतिक फर्ज – You should do your duty.
4. Shall का Past – He told me that I should would pass.

Can तथा Could का प्रयोग
I. Can का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

1. योग्यता सूचक – She can dance very well.
2. इजाजत सूचक – You can go home now..
3. सम्भावना सूचक – It can happen to anyone.
4. Pt. Cont. की जगह – I can hear people talking.

II. Could का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है

1. शर्त वाचक – I could lift this box (if I tried)
   Could (would) you bring me a glass of water.
2. प्रार्थना वाचक – Could (would) you tell me the time?
3. सम्भावना सूचक – One of the prisoners escaped yesterday.
   He could be anywhere now.
4. Can का Past – He said that I could go.
   He could come to me any time he liked.

May तथा Might का प्रयोग
I. May का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

1. अनुमति/इजाजत सूचक – You may go now.
   May I come in, sir?
2. सम्भावना सूचक – His statement may (can/ could) be true.
   His plan may succeed. (can/could)
3. इच्छा/प्रार्थना सूचक – May you live long!
   May our country prosper!

II. Might का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

1. May का Past – He said that I might go.
   I thought that he might help her.
2. भावी सम्भावना – He might (may) pass this year.
   He might (may) reach here by evening.
3. इजाजत होना – Might I have your pen?
   You might do me a favour.

(May की अपेक्षा might में अधिक झिझक और विनम्रता का संकेत होता है।)

Must का प्रयोग
Must का प्रयोगं निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

1. उपदेश सूचक – You must consult some good doctor.
   You must work hard this year.
2. आवश्यकता सूचक – You must be back by evening.
   The students must bring their books daily.
3. सम्भावना सूचक – The child must be hungry.
   He must have made some big mistake.
4. बन्धन/मजबूरी सूचक – You must do as you are told.
   He must clear his accounts before leaving.

Ought to तथा Used to का प्रयोग
I. Ought के साथ सदा to का प्रयोग किया जाता है। (Ought to = Should) Ought to का प्रयोग (should की तरह) निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

1. नैतिक फर्ज – You ought to respect your elders.
   You ought to have helped the poor.
2. इच्छा-योग्य सम्भावना – Mohan ought to win the race this time.
3. इच्छा-योग्य जरूरत – He ought to build a new house now.

(इस तालिका में दिए गए सभी वाक्यों में ought to के स्थान पर should का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।)

II. Ought के समान used भी एक ऐसा modal है जिसके साथ to का प्रयोग करना जरूरी होता है-

1. He used to live here.
2. He never used to live here.

Need का प्रयोग
1. Auxiliary के रूप में Need का प्रयोग केवल Negative और Interrogative वाक्यों में किया जाना चाहिए। इसका प्रयोग किसी सन्देह (doubt) अथवा मनाही (prohibition) को जोरदार ढंग से व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।

• Need you go yet? No, you needn’t.
• Need she come tomorrow ? No, she needn’t.

2. Need का Third Person Singular सदा need ही होता है, न कि needs:

• Need Mohan go there now?
• He need not worry any more.

3. प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों में need का प्रयोग तभी किया जाता है जब negative उत्तर वांछित हो।

• Need you go there?
• No, I needn’t.

4. Interrogative और Negative वाक्यों में need के साथ to का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।

• Need he do any work?
• No, he needn’t do any work.

5. किन्तु निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में need के साथ to का प्रयोग किया गया है-

• He need to go now. (Affirmative)
• He does not need to go now. (Negative)
• Does he need to go now? (Interrogative)

यदि ध्यान से देखा जाए तो पता चलेगा कि इन सभी वाक्यों में need को मुख्य क्रिया (Principal Verb) के रूप में प्रयोग किया गया है, न कि Auxiliary के रूप में।

6. Need not की जगह haven’t got to, don’t have to, don’t need to का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।

• He need not go.

7. जब needs का प्रयोग must के साथ किया गया हो, तो यह एक adverb का कार्य कर रहा होता है। वास्तव में needs एक Possessive Case है जिसमें apostrophe (‘) का लोप किया होता है। इस प्रकार : needs = need’s = of need = of necessity = necessarily (adv.) इस प्रकार हमने देखा कि needs को एक adverb क्यों माना जाता है।

• He must needs finish his work by evening.

Dare का प्रयोग
1. Auxiliary के रूप में dare का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है-

• Negative वाक्यों में।
• Interrogative वाक्यों में।
• सन्देह (doubt) व्यक्त करने वाले वाक्यों में।
• ऐसे वाक्यों में जिनमें hardly, never, no one, nobody का प्रयोग किया गया हो।

2. जब dare का प्रयोग auxiliary के रूप में किया गया हो, तो इसके साथ to का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।

3. Dare का Third Person Singular सदा dare ही होता है, न कि dares.
उदाहरण: (Negative)

• He dare not fight with me.
• He will hardly dare go there again.

अब क्या आप बता सकते हैं कि Need और Dare के प्रयोग के सम्बन्ध में कौन-कौन सी बातें एक जैसी हैं?

Important Questions solved

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences with suitable modals given in the brackets:
(may, must, could, will)

1. _______ I ask a question?
2. He ______ go to call me tomorrow.
3. Who ______ win the race?

Answer:

1. May I ask a question?
2. He must go to call me tomorrow.
3. Who will win the race?

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with suitable models given in the brackets.
(shall, should, will, would, may, might, can, could, must)

1. You ______ pay the examination fee at the nick of time.
2. Labour hard so that you _______ pass.
3. He ______ submit the report next week.
4. The boys ________ obey their teacher.

Answer:

1. must
2. may
3. must
4. should.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets.
(should, might, may)

1. He said that ______ do the work.
2. ______ God protect you!
3. We ________ help the poor

Answer:

1. might
2. may
3. should.

Question 4.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets:
(Should, would, ought, needn’t)

1. We _______ to improve the lot of the poor in our country.
2. You _______ have taken all that trouble.
3. He said he _______ be moving into his new house next month.
4. You are so wise. You _______ have been a philosopher.

Answer:

1. We ought to improve the lot of the poor in our country.
2. You needn’t have taken all that trouble.
3. He said he would be moving into his new house next month.
4. You are so wise. You should have been a philosopher.

Question 5.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets:
(Would, can’t, may, could)

1. My uncle _______ speak five languages.
2. Can I smoke here? Yes, you _______
3. Can I smoke here? No, you _______
4. He said he _______ come the next day.

Answer:

1. My uncle could speak five languages.
2. Can I smoke here? Yes, you may.
3. Can I smoke here? No, you can’t.
4. He said he would come the next day.

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets:
(have, needn’t ought, used to)

1. The driver _______ to have been more careful.
2. I will do it myself. You _______ come.
3. The candidates _______ to appear for an interview.
4. He _______ come home late at night.

Answer:

1. The driver ought to have been more careful.
2. I will do it myself. You needn’t come.
3. The candidates have to appear for an interview.
4. He used to come home late at night.

Question 7.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets.
(might, can’t, would, could)

1. I said I _______ do it.
2. _______ I ask you a question.
3. He _______ hear. He is deaf.
4. He _______ come home by the morning train.

Answer:

1. I said I could do it.
2. Would I ask you a question?
3. He can’t hear. He is deaf.
4. He might come home by the morning train.

Question 8.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets:
(ought, shouldn’t càn, could)

1. He _______ read and write English.
2. He asked if he _______ borrow my bicycle.
3. He _______ worry so much about his matter.
4. You _______ to read this book. It is very exciting.

Answer:

1. He can read and write English.
2. He asked if he could borrow my bicycle.
3. He shouldn’t worry so much about his matter.
4. You ought to read this book. It is very exciting.

Question 9.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets.
(can, used to, must not, could)

1. I don’t want to see your face. You _______ come here again.
2. He _______ come and see me again in a day or two.
3. He wanted to know if he _______ attend the show.
4. _______ you see a parrot in the tree?

Answer:

1. I don’t want to see your face. You must not come here again.
2. He used to come and see me again in a day or two.
3. He wanted to know if he could attend the show.
4. Can you see a parrot in the tree?

Question 10.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets.
(Would, should, would, would)

1. _______ you like to have a cup of tea?
2. He said that he _______ not come the next day.
3. _______ you please stop talking?
4. We _______ speak English fluently.

Answer:

1. Would you like to have a cup of tea?
2. He said that he would not come the next day.
3. Would you please stop talking?
4. We should speak English fluently.

Question 11.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets:

1. She _______ Speak English fluently. (can/could/ought)
2. He works hard so that he _______ pass. (may/will/can)
3. _______ you please help me lift the bundle? (could/would/can)
4. If I were you I _______ not do it. (would/may/must)

Answer:

1. She can speak English fluently
2. He works hard so that he may pass.
3. Could you please help me lift the bundle?
4. If I were you I would not do it.

Question 12.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets:

1. The pupils _______ to obey their order. (ought/used/could)
2. _______ you like to do as I tell you? (would/may/could)
3. You _______have told him that there is a ferocious dog in the house. (should/would/shouldn’t)
4. You _______ not have laughed at his failure. (should/ought/must)

Answer:

1. The pupils ought to obey their order.
2. Would you like to do as I tell you?
3. You should have told him that there is a ferocious dog in the house.
4. You should not have laughed at his failure.

Question 13.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:

1. It _______ rain today. (may/would/can)
2. If you want to score good marks, you _______ work hard. (must/must not/may)
3. You _______ not violate the rules if you do not want to be punished. (may/must not/must)
4. If the weather is bad, she _______ refuse to go with us. (will/may/could)

Answer:

1. It may rain today.
2. If you want to score good marks, you must work hard.
3. You must not violate the rules if you do not want to be punished.
4. If the weather is bad, she will refuse to go with us.

Question 14.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:

1. It _______ rain in the evening today. (must/could/may)
2. A man _______ eat to live. (could/may/must)
3. _______ I have a look at the album, please? (may/could/must)
4. A Government servant _______ abide by the rules. (would/must/should)

Answer:

1. It may rain in the evening today.
2. A man must eat to live.
3. Could I have a look at the album, please?
4. A Government servant must abide by the rules.

Question 15.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:

1. _______ you have a cup of coffee? (would shouldn’t/must)
2. You _______ not give up your virtues. (may/must/must not)
3. He _______ come tomorrow. (will/may/can)
4. She _______ drive a car when she was only twelve. (could/may/must)

Answer:

1. Would you have a cup of coffee?
2. You must not give up your virtues.
3. He may come tomorrow.
4. She could drive a car when she was the only twelve.

Question 16.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:

1. You _______ lock the room before you leave. (must/may/must not)
2. Soldiers _______ obey their officers. (may/must/must not)
3. You _______ have a holiday tomorrow. (would/will/may)
4. When I was young I _______ run for three hours at a stretch. (could/might/would)

Answer:

1. You must lock the room before you leave.
2. Soldiers must obey their officers.
3. You will have a holiday tomorrow.
4. When I was young I could run for three hours at a stretch.

Question 17.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:

1. _______ God give you the courage to face this tragedy. (may/will/would)
2. A son _______ show respect to his parents. (must/may/must not)
3. Preeti worked hard lest she _______ fail. (should/would/shouldn’t)
4. Your father _______ be nearly eighty now. (may/must/must not)

Answer:

1. May God give you the courage to face this tragedy.
2. A son must show respect to his parents.
3. Preeti worked hard lest she should fail.
4. You father must be nearly eighty how.

Question 18.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:

1. ______ God protect you. (May/ought/used)
2. He died so that others _______ live. (might/may/ought)
3. She was afraid lest she _______ be late. (should/may/can’t)
4. We _______ work or perish. (must/must not/may)

Answer:

1. May God protect you.
2. He died so that others might live.
3. She was afraid lest she should be late.
4. We must work for perish.

Question 19.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:

1. _______ you have a good time! (may/ought/used)
2. You _______ look after your old parents. (should/ought to/must)
3. If you practise well you _______ be selected in the team. (can/would/could)
4. You _______ ask a question, if you please. (may/can/could)

Answer:

1. May you have a good time!
2. You should look after your old parents.
3. If you practise well you can be selected in the team.
4. You may ask a question if you please.

Question 20.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in brackets:
(May, could, may, should)

1. The government _______ provide cycle lanes in big cities.
2. _______ God bless you!
3. I _______ sing very well when I was a child.
4. ______ God bring you a lot of prosperity.

Answer:

1. The Government should provide cycle lanes in big cities.
2. May God bless you!
3. I could sing very well when I was a child.
4. May God bring you a lot of prosperity.

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