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BSEB Bihar Board 12th History Important Questions Objective Type Part 8 are the best resource for students which helps in revision.

Bihar Board 12th History Objective Important Questions Part 8

प्रश्न 1.
सीधी कार्रवाई की धमकी किसने दी ?
(a) हिन्दू महासभा
(b) मुस्लिम लीग
(c) स्वराज दल
(d) काँग्रेस
उत्तर:
(b) मुस्लिम लीग

प्रश्न 2.
साम्प्रदायिक समस्या सुलझाने हेतु कौन-सा फार्मूला प्रस्तुत किया गया ?
(a) नेहरू फॉर्मूला
(b) लीग फॉर्मूला
(c) राजगोपालाचारी फॉर्मूला
(d) टैगोर फॉर्मूला
उत्तर:
(c) राजगोपालाचारी फॉर्मूला

प्रश्न 3.
काँग्रेस की स्थापना कब हुई थी ?
(a) 1885 ई०
(b) 1881 ई०
(c) 1888 ई०
(d) 1890 ई०
उत्तर:
(a) 1885 ई०

प्रश्न 4.
कैबिनेट मिशन योजना के अध्यक्ष कौन थे ?
(a) पैशिक लॉरेन्स
(b) लुई फिशर
(c) लॉर्ड वैवेल
(d) स्टेफोर्ड क्रिप्स
उत्तर:
(d) स्टेफोर्ड क्रिप्स

प्रश्न 5.
ब्रिटिश सरकार की नीतियों से दुःखी होकर उपवास की घोषणा किसने की ?
(a) जवाहरलाल नेहरू
(b) महात्मा गाँधी
(c) बिनोवा भावे
(d) ज्योतिबा फूले
उत्तर:
(b) महात्मा गाँधी

प्रश्न 6.
भारतीय राष्ट्रीय काँग्रेस की स्थापना का श्रेय किसे है ?
(a) गाँधीजी
(b) तिलक
(c) गोखले
(d) एल ओ ह्यूम
उत्तर:
(d) एल ओ ह्यूम

प्रश्न 7.
पाकिस्तान शब्द किसने दिया ?
(a) जिन्ना
(b) लियाकत अली
(c) चौधरी रहमत अली
(d) इकबाल
उत्तर:
(c) चौधरी रहमत अली

प्रश्न 8.
स्वतन्त्र भारत के प्रथम गवर्नर जनरल कौन थे ?
(a) सी. राजगोपालाचारी
(b) लॉर्ड माउण्टबेटन
(c) लाल बहादुर शास्त्री
(d) रैडक्लिफ
उत्तर:
(b) लॉर्ड माउण्टबेटन

प्रश्न 9.
स्वतन्त्र भारत का अन्तिम गवर्नर जनरल कौन था ?
(a) लॉर्ड कर्जन
(b) लॉर्ड माउण्टबेटन
(c) सी० राजगोपालाचारी
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(c) सी० राजगोपालाचारी

प्रश्न 10.
भारतीय राष्ट्रीय काँग्रेस के संस्थापक थे
(a) ए० ओ० ह्यूम
(b) रानी लक्ष्मीबाई
(c) तात्या टोपे
(d) कुँवर सिंह
उत्तर:
(a) ए० ओ० ह्यूम

प्रश्न 11.
भारतीय राष्ट्रीय काँग्रेस की प्रथम महिला अध्यक्षा कौन थी ?
(a) एनी बेसेंट
(b) अरुणा आसफ अली
(c) सरोजिनी नायडू
(d) विजयालक्ष्मी पण्डित
उत्तर:
(a) एनी बेसेंट

प्रश्न 12.
भारतीय राष्ट्रीय काँग्रेस के प्रथम अधिवेशन की अध्यक्षता की थी
(a) दादाभाई नौरोजी
(b) व्योमेश चन्द्र बनर्जी
(c) फिरोजशाह मेहता
(d) गोपाल कृष्ण गोखले
उत्तर:
(b) व्योमेश चन्द्र बनर्जी

प्रश्न 13.
भारतीय संविधान अस्तित्व में कब आया था ?
(a) 26 जनवरी, 1950
(b) 26 जनवरी, 1930
(c) 14 अगस्त, 1950
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(a) 26 जनवरी, 1950

प्रश्न 14.
संविधान सभा के अध्यक्ष थे
(a) डॉ० राजेन्द्र प्रसाद
(b) डॉ० अम्बेदकर
(c) महात्मा गाँधी
(d) जवाहरलाल नेहरू
उत्तर:
(a) डॉ० राजेन्द्र प्रसाद

प्रश्न 15.
मूल संविधान में कितने अनुच्छेद थे ?
(a) 295
(b) 310
(c) 395
(d) 410
उत्तर:
(c) 395

प्रश्न 16.
मूल संविधान में कितनी अनुसूचियाँ थी?
(a) 6
(b) 8
(c) 10
(d) 12
उत्तर:
(b) 8

प्रश्न 17.
इनमें से कौन दलित राजनीति के प्रतीक बन गए थे ?
(a) महात्मा गाँधी
(b) डॉ० भीमराव अंबेदकर
(c) मोतीलाल नेहरू
(d) सरदार पटेल
उत्तर:
(b) डॉ० भीमराव अंबेदकर

प्रश्न 18.
भारत को किस दिन स्वतंत्रता मिली?
(a) 15 अगस्त, 1947
(b) 26 जनवरी, 1929
(c) 16 अगस्त, 1947
(d) 26 जनवरी, 1932
उत्तर:
(a) 15 अगस्त, 1947

प्रश्न 19.
भारत का विभाजन किस योजना के तहत हुआ?
(a) बेवेल योजना
(b) माउण्टबेटन योजना
(c) क्रिप्स योजना
(d) कैबिनेट मिशन योजना
उत्तर:
(b) माउण्टबेटन योजना

प्रश्न 20.
15 अगस्त 1947 को जब भारत स्वतंत्र हुआ तो ब्रिटेन का प्रधानमंत्री कौन था ?
(a) एटली
(b) विंस्टल चर्चिल
(c) रैम्जे म्योर
(d) उपर्युक्त में से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(a) एटली

प्रश्न 21.
हैदराबाद का भारत में विलय कब हुआ ?
(a) 1948
(b) 1949
(c) 1950
(d) 1951
उत्तर:
(a) 1948

प्रश्न 22.
निम्नलिखित में कौन 1947 के बाद भी पुर्तगालियों का उपनिवेश था ?
(a) चन्दर नगर
(b) नगर हवेली
(c) पांडिचेरी
(d) माही
उत्तर:
(b) नगर हवेली

प्रश्न 23.
निम्नलिखित में से किस स्थान को 1962 में पुर्तगालियों से मुक्त करवाया गया ?
(a) गोवा
(b) पांडिचेरी
(c) कैरैकल
(d) माही
उत्तर:
(a) गोवा

प्रश्न 24.
गांधीजी ने किसे राष्ट्रभाषा के रूप में अपनाने को कहा?
(a) हिन्दी
(b) संस्कृत
(c) हिन्दुस्तानी
(d) अंग्रेजी
उत्तर:
(c) हिन्दुस्तानी

प्रश्न 25.
बांग्लादेश की स्थापना हुई
(a) 1971
(b) 1871
(c) 1917
(d) 1927
उत्तर:
(a) 1971

प्रश्न 26.
संविधान सभा द्वारा प्रारूप समिति का गठन किया गया
(a) 29 अगस्त, 1947
(b) 29 सितम्बर, 1947
(c) 29 अक्टूबर, 1947
(d) 29 नवम्बर, 1947
उत्तर:
(a) 29 अगस्त, 1947

प्रश्न 27.
संविधान के निर्माण में कितना समय लगा ?
(a) 2 वर्ष, 11 माह, 11 दिन
(b) 2 वर्ष, 11 माह, 18 दिन
(c) 3 वर्ष, 11 माह, 11 दिन
(d) 3 वर्ष, 11 माह, 18 दिन
उत्तर:
(b) 2 वर्ष, 11 माह, 18 दिन

प्रश्न 28.
24 जनवरी, 1950 को संविधान सभा के कितने सदस्यों ने संविधान पर हस्ताक्षर किये ?
(a) 200
(b) 225
(c) 284
(d) 300
उत्तर:
(c) 284

प्रश्न 29.
भारतीय संविधान कब लागू किया गया ?
(a) 26 नवम्बर, 1949
(b) 24 जनवरी, 1950
(c) 26 नवम्बर, 1950
(d) 26 जनवरी, 1950
उत्तर:
(d) 26 जनवरी, 1950

प्रश्न 30.
संविधान सभा की प्रारूप समिति के अध्यक्ष कौन थे ?
(a) राजेन्द्र प्रसाद
(b) जवाहरलाल नेहरू
(c) भीमराव अम्बेडकर
(d) सरदार पटेल
उत्तर:
(c) भीमराव अम्बेडकर

प्रश्न 31.
संविधान सभा की संचालन समिति के अध्यक्ष कौन थे ?
(a) राजेन्द्र प्रसाद
(b) जवाहरलाल नेहरू
(c) भीमराव अम्बेडकर
(d) सरदार पटेल
उत्तर:
(a) राजेन्द्र प्रसाद

प्रश्न 32.
लॉर्ड माउण्टबेटन ने भारत के वायसराय के रूप में कब पद ग्रहण किया ?
(a) 24 मार्च, 1947
(b) 3 जून, 1946
(c) 15 अगस्त, 1947
(d) 24 नवम्बर, 1949
उत्तर:
(a) 24 मार्च, 1947

प्रश्न 33.
निम्न में से कौन महिला भारतीय संविधान सभा की सदस्य थी ?
(a) सरोजिनी नायडू
(b) हंसा मेहता
(c) दुर्गाबाई देशमुख
(d) इनमें से सभी
उत्तर:
(d) इनमें से सभी

प्रश्न 34.
भारतीय संविधान सभा के अध्यक्ष कौन थे ?
(a) जवाहरलाल नेहरू
(b) राजेन्द्र प्रसाद
(c) सरदार पटेल
(d) भीमराव अम्बेडकर
उत्तर:
(b) राजेन्द्र प्रसाद

प्रश्न 35.
कैबिनेट मिशन के सदस्य थे
(a) पैथिक लारेन्स
(b) ए० बी० अलेक्जेण्डर
(c) सर स्टेफोर्ड क्रिप्स
(d) इनमें से सभी
उत्तर:
(d) इनमें से सभी

प्रश्न 36.
1895 ई० के स्वराज विधेयक किसके निर्देशन में तैयार किया गया ?
(a) सुभाषचन्द्र बोस
(b) भीमराव अम्बेडकर
(c) बाल गंगाधर तिलक
(d) जवाहर लाल नेहरू
उत्तर:
(c) बाल गंगाधर तिलक

प्रश्न 37.
लॉर्ड माउण्टबेटन ने वायसराय के रूप में पद ग्रहण कब किया ?
(a) 24 मार्च, 1947
(b) 24 जून, 1947
(c) 24 मार्च, 1946
(d) 24 जून, 1946
उत्तर:
(a) 24 मार्च, 1947

प्रश्न 38.
संविधान सभा की बैठक में कितने सदस्य उपस्थित थे ?
(a) 110 सदस्य
(b) 210 सदस्य
(c) 310 सदस्य
(d) 79 सदस्य
उत्तर:
(b) 210 सदस्य

प्रश्न 39.
पाकिस्तान का पहला प्रधानमन्त्री कौन था ?
(a) मुहम्मद अली जिन्ना
(b) लियाकत अली
(c) इकबाल अहमद
(d) मौलाना आजाद
उत्तर:
(b) लियाकत अली

प्रश्न 40.
स्वतन्त्र भारत के प्रथम गवर्नर जनरल कौन थे ?
(a) लॉर्ड माउण्टबेटन
(b) सी० राजगोपालाचारी
(c) लाल बहादुर शास्त्री
(d) रैडक्लिफ
उत्तर:
(a) लॉर्ड माउण्टबेटन

प्रश्न 41.
भारतीय संविधान सभा का गठन कैबिनेट मिशन के अन्तर्गत किस वर्ष हुआ?
(a) 1942
(b) 1944
(c) 1946
(d) 1948
उत्तर:
(c) 1946

प्रश्न 42.
भारत को कब गणतन्त्र घोषित किया गया ?
(a) 26 जनवरी, 1950
(b) 26 जनवरी, 1930
(c) 14 अगस्त, 1950
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(a) 26 जनवरी, 1950

प्रश्न 43.
भारत किस वर्ष गणतन्त्र बना ?
(a) 1947
(b) 1950
(c) 1952
(d) 1957
उत्तर:
(b) 1950

प्रश्न 44.
स्वतन्त्र भारत के प्रथम गृहमंत्री कौन थे ?
(a) सरदार वल्लभभाई पटेल
(b) राजगोपालाचारी
(c) राजेन्द्र प्रसाद
(d) मौलाना आजाद
उत्तर:
(a) सरदार वल्लभभाई पटेल

प्रश्न 45.
जवाहर लाल नेहरू भारत के प्रथम प्रधानमंत्री बने
(a) 1946 में
(b) 1947 में
(c) 1948 में
(d) 1949 में
उत्तर:
(b) 1947 में

प्रश्न 46.
भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार सम्प्रभुता निहित है
(a) राष्ट्रपति में
(b) प्रधानमंत्री में
(c) न्यायपालिका में
(d) संविधान में
उत्तर:
(a) राष्ट्रपति में

प्रश्न 47.
भारत के संविधान का पिता किसे कहा जाता है ?
(a) डॉ० राजेन्द्र प्रसाद
(b) डॉ० बी० आर० अम्बेडकर
(c) डॉ० सच्चिदानन्द सिन्हा
(d) पं० जवाहरलाल नेहरू
उत्तर:
(b) डॉ० बी० आर० अम्बेडकर

Bihar Board 12th Biology Objective Important Questions Part 4

Question 1.
Ecosystem represented by a pond is said to be:
(a) Lentic
(b) Lotic
(c) Xeric
(d) Benthic
Answer:
(a) Lentic

Question 2.
The tiny free swimming animals on the surface of water constitute:
(a) Phytoplankton
(b) Symbionts
(c) Benthos
(d) Zooplankton
Answer:
(d) Zooplankton

Question 3.
The 10% law for energy transfer in food chains was given by:
(a) Stanley
(b) Tansley
(c) Lindemann
(d) Weismann
Answer:
(c) Lindemann

Question 4.
Ozone depletion is caused by:
(a) CO
(b) PAN
(c) CFCs
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) CFCs

Question 5.
Most harmful environmental pollutants are:
(a) Human organic wastes
(b) Natural nutrients in excess
(c) Nanbiodegradable chemicals
(d) Nitrogenous wastes
Answer:
(c) Nanbiodegradable chemicals

Question 6.
Smog is a combination of:
(a) Smoke & fog
(b) Water & smoke
(c) Air & Water
(d) Fire & Water
Answer:
(a) Smoke & fog

Question 7.
Greenhouse effect is due to:
(a) CO₂
(b) CO
(c) NO
(d) PO₄
Answer:
(a) CO₂

Question 8.
Secondary sewage treatment is mainly a:
(a) Physical process
(b) Mechanical process
(c) Chemical process
(d) Biological process
Answer:
(d) Biological process

Question 9.
Lichens are described as indicator of:
(a) Air pollution
(b) Water pollution
(c) Soil pollution
(d) Agriculture productivity
Answer:
(a) Air pollution

Question 10.
In followings which one is not a greenhouse gas:
(a) CO₂
(b) N₂O
(C) CH₄
(d) Ethane
Answer:
(d) Ethane

Question 11.
In agriculture biotechnology the main technique used:
(a) Transformation
(b) Tissue culture
(c) Plant reproduction
(d) DNA replication
Answer:
(b) Tissue culture

Question 12.
The medicine prepared by biotechnology is used in cancer therapy:
(a) Interferon
(b) HGH
(c) TSH
(d) Insulin
Answer:
(a) Interferon

Question 13.
First transgenic plant was:
(a) Pea
(b) Tisi
(c) Tobacco
(d) Cotton plant
Answer:
(c) Tobacco

Question 14.
Bacillus Thuriengensis strains are used practically for:
(a) Bio metallurgical technique
(b) Bio mineral process
(c) Bio insecticidal plant
(d) Biofertilizer
Answer:
(c) Bio insecticidal plant

Question 15.
In cheese industry rennin is used that is:
(a) Alkaloid
(b) Enzyme
(c) Fungi
(d) Hormone
Answer:
(b) Enzyme

Question 16.
In Golden rice which one vitamin is found:
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin B₁₂
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin D
Answer:
(a) Vitamin A

Question 17.
Which one is the best fertilizer?
(a) Synthetic fertilizer
(b) Bacillus thuringiensis & Lichen
(c) Azolla & Cyanobacteria
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(c) Azolla & Cyanobacteria

Question 18.
Biogas is:
(a) CO₂
(b) H₂S
(c) CH₄
(d) All of these
Answer:
(c) CH₄

Question 19.
Which of the following is single celled protein?
(a) Spirulina
(b) Chlorella
(c) Syndesmus
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 20.
Cyanobacteria is used as biofertilizer in:
(a) Wheat
(b) Paddy
(c) Maize
(d) Sugarcane
Answer:
(b) Paddy

Question 21.
The group of bacteria those are used in production of biogas Is called:
(a) Methanotroph
(b) Organotroph
(c) Eubacteria
(d) Methanogen
Answer:
(d) Methanogen

Question 22.
Azolla forms symbiotic combination with:
(a) Chlorella
(b) Nostoc
(c) Anabaena
(d) E. Coli
Answer:
(c) Anabaena

Question 23.
If BOD of sample water is very high, The sample is:
(a) Highly polluted
(b) Less Polluted
(c) Not polluted
(d) Potable
Answer:
(a) Highly polluted

Question 24.
The first antibiotic was discovered by:
(a) Robert Koch
(b) Louis Pasteur
(c) W. Flemming
(d) A. Flemming
Answer:
(d) A. Flemming

Question 25.
Who discovered recombinant DNA (r-DNA) technology?
(a) Har Gobind Khorana
(b) James D. Watson
(c) Stanley cohen & Herbert Boyer
(d) Walter Sutton & Avery
Answer:
(c) Stanley cohen & Herbert Boyer

Question 26.
Cry I endotoxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiens is are effective against:
(a) Nematodes
(b) Boll Worms
(c) Mosquitoes
(d) Flies
Answer:
(b) Boll Worms

Question 27.
In following which is the first national park is India?
(a) Bandipur
(b) Corbett
(c) Kanha
(d) Dwdwa
Answer:
(b) Corbett

Question 28.
Which organisation is responsible for preparation of ‘Red Data Book’ information?
(a) IUCN
(b) CITES
(c) WWF
(d) IBWL
Answer:
(a) IUCN

Question 29.
Wildlife protection act was presented in:
(a) 1972
(b) 1981
(c) 1986
(d) 1991
Answer:
(a) 1972

Question 30.
Kaziranga Natioinal Park is in:
(a) Bengal
(b) Assam
(c) Kerala
(d) Karnataka
Answer:
(b) Assam

Question 31.
Kanha National Park is famous for protection of:
(a) Birds
(b) Rhinoceros
(c) Tigers
(d) Crocodiles
Answer:
(c) Tigers

Question 32.
Biodiversity hot spots in world is:
(a) 9
(b) 25
(c) 34
(d) 38
Answer:
(c) 34

Question 33.
Fluoride pollution affects mainly which organ?
(a) Teeth
(b) Kidney
(c) Brain
(d) Heart
Answer:
(a) Teeth

Question 34.
In following which one is greenhouse gas?
(a) CFC, CH₄, NO₂ & CO₂
(b) CFC, CO₂, NH₂ & N₂
(c) CO₂, CO, NH₃ & NH₂
(d) CFC, N₂, CO₂ & NH₂
Answer:
(a) CFC, CH₄, NO₂ & CO₂

Question 35.
Ozone layer is found in which stratification?
(a) Stratosphere
(b) Lithosphere
(c) Troposphere
(d) Hemisphere
Answer:
(a) Stratosphere

Question 36.
Chipko movement has established for protection of:
(a) Grassland
(b) Forests
(c) Mountain
(d) River
Answer:
(b) Forests

Question 37.
In acid rain, SO₂ is found in percentage of:
(a) 100%
(b) 30%
(c) 70%
(d) 50%
Answer:
(c) 70%

Question 38.
In ‘Red Data Book’ which type of species are listed?
(a) Rare species
(b) Rare and endangered species
(c) Endangered species
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Rare and endangered species

Question 39.
Invertebrates the endangered species are more of what group of animals
(a) Fishes
(b) Reptiles
(c) Birds
(d) Mammals
Answer:
(d) Mammals

Question 40.
In followings which one is a disease of hen?
(a) Cholera
(b) Smut
(c) Ranikhet
(d) Cold & Cough
Answer:
(c) Ranikhet

Question 41.
From one cell of plant whole plant can be formed. This property is called
(a) Cloning
(b) Somacloning
(c) Totipotency
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Somacloning

Question 42.
In man ring warm disease develops by:
(a) Bacteria
(b) Viruses
(c) Fungi
(d) Nematode
Answer:
(c) Fungi

Question 43.
Which term of Plasmodium infects man?
(a) Merozoites
(b) Trophozoites
(c) Sporozoites
(d) Gametocytes
Answer:
(c) Sporozoites

Question 44.
Male has originated by cross between:
(a) Female horse and male donkey
(b) Male horse and female donkey
(c) Bull and female horse
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Female horse and male donkey

Question 45.
Bikaneri ewes and Marino rams crossing, a new breed of sheep developed called:
(a) Bhakarwal
(b) Nellore
(c) Lincoin
(d) Hisardale
Answer:
(d) Hisardale

Question 46.
Improved varieties of wheat suitable for Indian climates have been developed by:
(a) Hybridisation and mutation
(b) Mutation & cloning
(c) Cloning of polyploids
(d) Polyploidy & hybridization
Answer:
(a) Hybridisation and mutation

Question 47.
Somacloruil variation can be obtained by:
(a) Hybridization
(b) Application of colchicine
(c) Irradiation with gamma rays
(d) Tissue culture
Answer:
(d) Tissue culture

Question 48.
Spirulina is a rich source of:
(a) Protein
(b) vitamins
(c) Minerals
(d) Lipids
Answer:
(a) Protein

Question 49.
Which one of the followings is a marine fish?
(a) Carp
(b) Catla
(c) Hilsa
(d) Nohu
Answer:
(c) Hilsa

Question 50.
Which one of the following products is used in cosmetics and polishes?
(a) Oil
(b) Wax
(c) Royal jelly
(d) Honey
Answer:
(b) Wax

Bihar Board 12th Biology Important Questions

BSEB Bihar Board 12th History Important Questions Objective Type Part 7 are the best resource for students which helps in revision.

Bihar Board 12th History Objective Important Questions Part 7

प्रश्न 1.
अमृतसर में जनसंहार हुआ था
(a) अप्रैल, 1919 में
(b) फरवरी, 1909 में
(c) मार्च, 1929 में
(d) जनवरी, 1919 में
उत्तर:
(a) अप्रैल, 1919 में

प्रश्न 2.
दक्षिण अफ्रीका में सत्याग्रह का सफल प्रयोग करने के पश्चात गाँधीजी भारत कब लौटे थे?
(a) 1905
(b) 1910
(c) 1915
(d) 1920
उत्तर:
(c) 1915

प्रश्न 3.
खेड़ा सत्याग्रह संबंधित था
(a) कृषकों से
(b) मजदूरों से
(c) व्यापारियों से
(d) मिल मालिकों से
उत्तर:
(a) कृषकों से

प्रश्न 4.
जालियाँवाला बाग में किसने गोली चलाने का आदेश दिया था?
(a) हैवलॉक
(b) जनरल नीलसन
(c) कर्नल शाम्पसन
(d) जनरल ओ डायर
उत्तर:
(d) जनरल ओ डायर

प्रश्न 5.
अखिल भारतीय खिलाफत कमेटी का अध्यक्ष कौन था ?
(a) शौकत अली
(b) मुहम्मद अली
(c) महात्मा गाँधी
(d) हसन इमाम
उत्तर:
(c) महात्मा गाँधी

प्रश्न 6.
असहयोग आंदोलन का प्रस्ताव काँग्रेस के किस अधिवेशन में पारित हुआ ?
(a) कलकत्ता
(b) पटना
(c) कराची
(d) नागपुर
उत्तर:
(d) नागपुर

प्रश्न 7.
नमक सत्याग्रह के समय गाँधीजी किस स्थान पर नमक बनाया गया था ?
(a) भड़ौंच
(b) साबरमती
(c) दाण्डी
(d) उपर्युक्त में से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(c) दाण्डी

प्रश्न 8.
फ्रंटियर या सीमांत गाँधी किसे कहा जाता था ?
(a) खान अब्दुल गफ्फार खान
(b) सिकंदर हयात खान
(c) मुहम्मद अली जिन्ना
(d) मौलाना आजाद
उत्तर:
(a) खान अब्दुल गफ्फार खान

प्रश्न 9.
चम्पारण सत्याग्रह का सम्बन्ध किस राज्य से है ?
(a) बिहार
(b) उत्तर प्रदेश
(c) मध्य प्रदेश
(d) महाराष्ट्र
उत्तर:
(a) बिहार

प्रश्न 10.
चौरीचौरा काण्ड कब हुआ ?
(a) 5 फरवरी, 1922
(b) 16 फरवरी, 1922
(c) 20 मार्च, 1922
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(a) 5 फरवरी, 1922

प्रश्न 11.
1920 में किस महान नेता की मृत्यु हुई ?
(a) महात्मा गाँधी
(b) फिरोजशाह
(c) बालगंगाधर तिलक
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(c) बालगंगाधर तिलक

प्रश्न 12.
‘करो या मरो’ का नारा दिया
(a) गाँधीजी
(b) तिलक
(c) गोखले
(d) सुभाषचन्द्र
उत्तर:
(a) गाँधीजी

प्रश्न 13.
‘दिल्ली चलो’ का नारा दिया
(a) सुभाष
(b) गाँधी
(c) लाला लाजपतराय
(d) गोखले
उत्तर:
(a) सुभाष

प्रश्न 14.
‘सर’ की उपाधि किसने वापस की थी ?
(a) महात्मा गाँधी
(b) बाल गंगाधर तिलक
(c) रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर
(d) जवाहरलाल नेहरू
उत्तर:
(c) रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर

प्रश्न 15.
नमक कानून किसने तोड़ा ?
(a) मोतीलाल नेहरू
(b) महात्मा गाँधी
(c) मदन मोहन मालवीय
(d) चन्द्रशेखर आजाद
उत्तर:
(b) महात्मा गाँधी

प्रश्न 16.
1917 में चम्पारण गाँधी जी किसके अनुरोध पर गये थे ?
(a) राजेन्द्र प्रसाद
(b) अरविन्द घोष
(c) गोपाल कृष्ण गोखले
(d) राजकुमार शुक्ल
उत्तर:
(d) राजकुमार शुक्ल

प्रश्न 17.
टॉलस्टॉय आश्रम की स्थापना किसने की थी ?
(a) महात्मा गाँधी
(b) एनी बेसेन्ट
(c) जवाहरलाल नेहरू
(d) सुभाष चन्द्र बोस
उत्तर:
(a) महात्मा गाँधी

प्रश्न 18.
गाँधी जी अपना राजनीतिक गुरु किसे मानते थे ?
(a) मदन मोहन मालवीय
(b) ज्योतिबा फुले
(c) मुंशी प्रेमचन्द
(d) गोपाल कृष्ण गोखले
उत्तर:
(d) गोपाल कृष्ण गोखले

प्रश्न 19.
गाँधीजी ने असहयोग आन्दोलन किस वर्ष आरम्भ किया ?
(a) 1920
(b) 1922
(c) 1930
(d) 1942
उत्तर:
(a) 1920

प्रश्न 20.
बंगाल के विभाजन की घोषणा किस वर्ष हुई ?
(a) 1905
(b) 1906
(c) 1911
(d) 1914
उत्तर:
(a) 1905

प्रश्न 21.
जलियाँवाला बाग हत्याकाण्ड कब हुआ ?
(a) 1913
(b) 1915
(c) 1919
(d) 1920
उत्तर:
(c) 1919

प्रश्न 22.
भारत छोड़ो आन्दोलन किस वर्ष आरम्भ हुआ ?
(a) 1920
(b) 1930
(c) 1942
(d) 1947
उत्तर:
(c) 1942

प्रश्न 23.
काला कानून किसे कहा गया ?
(a) रॉलेट ऐक्ट
(b) हण्टर रिपोर्ट
(c) वुडडिस्पेच
(d) 1919 का अधिनियम
उत्तर:
(a) रॉलेट ऐक्ट

प्रश्न 24.
पूना समझौता किस वर्ष हुआ ?
(a) 1932
(b) 1934
(c) 1939
(d) 1942
उत्तर:
(a) 1932

प्रश्न 25.
1942 में कौन-सा आन्दोलन हुआ ?
(a) खिलाफत
(b) असहयोग
(c) सविनय अवज्ञा
(d) भारत छोड़ो
उत्तर:
(d) भारत छोड़ो

प्रश्न 26.
किसका प्रकाशन अबुल कलाम आजाद ने किया ?
(a) न्यू इण्डिया
(b) अल हिलाल
(c) यंग इण्डिया
(d) कामरेड
उत्तर:
(b) अल हिलाल

प्रश्न 27.
बिहार में चंपारण सत्याग्रह कब शुरू हुआ ?
(a) 1925
(b) 1917
(c) 1912
(d) 1905
उत्तर:
(b) 1917

प्रश्न 28.
रॉलेट कानून (एक्ट) किस वर्ष पारित हुआ था ?
(a) 1916
(b) 1918
(c) 1919
(d) 1921
उत्तर:
(c) 1919

प्रश्न 29.
महात्मा गाँधी ने पहला किसान आन्दोलन कहाँ शुरू किया ?
(a) बारदोली
(b) वम्पारण
(c) दाण्डी
(d) बर्धा
उत्तर:
(b) वम्पारण

प्रश्न 30.
1920 में कौन-सा आंदोलन हुआ ?
(a) खिलाफत
(b) असहयोग
(c) सविनय अवज्ञा
(d) भारत छोड़ो
उत्तर:
(b) असहयोग

प्रश्न 31.
डाँडी किस राज्य में स्थित है ?
(a) उत्तर प्रदेश
(b) बिहार
(c) गुजरात
(d) पंजाब
उत्तर:
(c) गुजरात

प्रश्न 32.
सविनय अवज्ञा आन्दोलन का आरम्भ किसने किया ?
(a) गाँधीजी
(b) जवाहरलाल नेहरू
(c) मौलाना अबुल कलाम आजाद
(d) सुभाष चन्द्र बोस
उत्तर:
(a) गाँधीजी

प्रश्न 33.
निम्नलिखित में से कौन एक आन्दोलन ‘डांडी मार्च’ से शुरू हुआ था ?
(a) स्वदेशी आन्दोलन
(b) सविनय अवज्ञा आन्दोलन
(c) असहयोग आन्दोलन
(d) भारत छोड़ो आन्दोलन
उत्तर:
(b) सविनय अवज्ञा आन्दोलन

प्रश्न 34.
मुहम्मद अली जिन्ना के बारे में कौन-सा कथन सही है ?
(a) होमरूल लीग आन्दोलन का समर्थन किया
(b) असहयोग आन्दोलन का विरोध किया
(c) वैवेल योजना अस्वीकार की
(d) तीनों कथन सही हैं
उत्तर:
(a) होमरूल लीग आन्दोलन का समर्थन किया

प्रश्न 35.
मुस्लिम लीग ने मुसलमानों हेतु पृथक् राष्ट्र पाकिस्तान की माँग कब उठाई ?
(a) 1938 ई० में
(b) 1940 ई० में
(c) 1942 ई० में
(d) 1947 ई० में
उत्तर:
(b) 1940 ई० में

प्रश्न 36.
सुभाष चन्द्र बोस भारतीय राष्ट्रीय काँग्रेस के अध्यक्ष कब बने ?
(a) 1938 ई० के हरिपुरा अधिवेशन में
(b) 1939 ई० के त्रिपुरी अधिवेशन में
(c) 1938 एवं 1939 ई० दोनों में
(d) कभी नहीं
उत्तर:
(c) 1938 एवं 1939 ई० दोनों में

प्रश्न 37.
फारवर्ड ब्लॉक (1939 ई०) की स्थापना किसने की ?
(a) जिन्ना ने
(b) राजगोपालाचारी ने
(c) सुभाषचन्द्र बोस ने
(d) एम० एम० राय ने
उत्तर:
(c) सुभाषचन्द्र बोस ने

प्रश्न 38.
सुभाषचन्द्र बोस ने कहाँ पर आजाद हिन्द फौज का गठन किया ?
(a) मलाया
(b) बर्मा
(c) थाइलैण्ड
(d) सिंगापुर
उत्तर:
(d) सिंगापुर

प्रश्न 39.
कैबिनेट मिशन 1946 ई० में भारत आया, कौन इसके सदस्य नहीं थे ?
(a) क्रिप्स
(b) एवरी
(c) पैथिक लारेंस
(d) अलेक्जेण्डर
उत्तर:
(b) एवरी

प्रश्न 40.
मुस्लिम लीग द्वारा सीधी कार्रवाई दिवस मनाया गया
(a) 16 अगस्त, 1942
(b) 16 अगस्त, 1944
(c) 16 अगस्त, 1946
(d) 16 अगस्त, 1947
उत्तर:
(c) 16 अगस्त, 1946

प्रश्न 41.
मुस्लिम लीग द्वारा मुक्ति दिवस कब मनाया गया ?
(a) 22 दिसम्बर, 1935
(b) 22 दिसम्बर, 1936
(c) 22 दिसम्बर, 1938
(d) 22 दिसम्बर, 1939
उत्तर:
(d) 22 दिसम्बर, 1939

प्रश्न 42.
क्लीमेंट एटली ने यह घोषणा कब की कि ब्रिटिश शासन जून, 1948 ई. तक भारत छोड़ देगा
(a) 20 जनवरी, 1947
(b) 20 फरवरी, 1947
(c) 20 मार्च, 1947
(d) 20 अप्रैल, 1947
उत्तर:
(b) 20 फरवरी, 1947

प्रश्न 43.
भारत छोड़ो आन्दोलन के समय गाँधीजी के बारे में यह घोषणा किसने की कि “जब दुनिया में हम हर कहीं जीत रहे हैं, ऐसे वक्त में एक कमबख्त बुड्ढे के सामने कैसे झुक सकते हैं जो हमेशा हमारा दुश्मन रहा है”
(a) विंस्टन चर्चिल
(b) रेम्जे मेक्डोनल
(c) क्लीमेंट एटली
(d) पार्मस्टन
उत्तर:
(a) विंस्टन चर्चिल

प्रश्न 44.
दिसम्बर, 1943 में लीग ने काँग्रेस के ‘भारत छोड़ो आन्दोलन’ के नारे के मुकाबले में नया नारा ‘बाँटो और भागो’ अपने किस अधिवेशन में किया?
(a) कराँची अधिवेशन में
(b) लाहौर अधिवेशन में
(c) सूरत अधिवेशन में
(d) इस्लामाबाद अधिवेशन में
उत्तर:
(a) कराँची अधिवेशन में

प्रश्न 45.
15 फरवरी, 1942 को सिंगापुर के पतन पर 40,000 भारतीय युद्धबन्दियों को लेकर आजाद हिन्द फौज की स्थापना किसने की?
(a) मोहन सिंह
(b) सुभाषचन्द्र बोस
(c) रासबिहारी बोस
(d) प्रीतम सिंह
उत्तर:
(a) मोहन सिंह

प्रश्न 46.
भारत का विभाजन ब्रिटिश शासन की किस योजना का परिणाम है ?
(a) माउण्टबेटन योजना
(b) क्रिप्स योजना
(c) वैवेल योजना
(d) कैबिनेट मिशन योजना
उत्तर:
(a) माउण्टबेटन योजना

प्रश्न 47.
सुभाषचन्द्र बोस ने हिन्दुस्तान की अस्थायी सरकार की स्थापना की घोषणा सिंगापुर के कैलेहाल में कब की ?
(a) 4 अक्टूबर, 1943
(b) 3 अक्टूबर, 1943
(c) 2 अक्टूबर, 1943
(d) 5 अक्टूबर, 1943
उत्तर:
(c) 2 अक्टूबर, 1943

प्रश्न 48.
भारत को विभाजित करने की माउण्टबेटन योजना कब प्रस्तुत की गई ?
(a) 3 जून, 1947
(b) 26 जनवरी, 1947
(c) 15 अगस्त, 1947
(d) 20 फरवरी, 1947
उत्तर:
(a) 3 जून, 1947

प्रश्न 49.
भारतीय स्वतन्त्रता अधिनियम कब बना ?
(a) 4 जुलाई, 1947 को
(b) 18 जुलाई, 1947 को
(c) 20 जुलाई, 1947 को
(d) 15 अगस्त, 1947 को
उत्तर:
(b) 18 जुलाई, 1947 को

प्रश्न 50.
15 अगस्त, 1947 को जब भारत स्वतंत्र हुआ, उस समय ब्रिटेन में किस पार्टी की सरकार थी ?
(a) लेबर पार्टी
(b) रिपब्लिक पार्टी
(c) लिबरल पार्टी
(d) डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी
उत्तर:
(a) लेबर पार्टी

BSEB Bihar Board 12th History Important Questions Objective Type Part 4 are the best resource for students which helps in revision.

Bihar Board 12th History Objective Important Questions Part 4

प्रश्न 1.
शेख कुतुबुद्दीन बख्तियार काकी का सम्बन्ध किस सूफी सम्प्रदाय से है ?
(a) चिश्ती
(b) सुहरावर्दी
(c) कादिरी
(d) नक्सवरी
उत्तर:
(a) चिश्ती

प्रश्न 2.
निजामुद्दीन औलिया की दरगाह कहाँ है ?
(a) दिल्ली
(b) आगरा
(c) अजमेर
(d) फतेहपुर सीकरी
उत्तर:
(a) दिल्ली

प्रश्न 3.
काशी में किस प्रसिद्ध सन्त का जन्म हुआ ?
(a) मीरा
(b) कबीर
(c) गुरु नानक
(d) बल्लभाचार्य
उत्तर:
(d) बल्लभाचार्य

प्रश्न 4.
दिल्ली सल्तनत के किस शासक के समय में विजयनगर साम्राज्य की स्थापना हुई ?
(a) अलाउद्दीन खिलजी
(b) ग्यासुद्दीन तुगलक
(c) मो० बिन तुगलक
(d) फिरोजशाह तुगलक
उत्तर:
(c) मो० बिन तुगलक

प्रश्न 5.
विजयनगर साम्राज्य के संस्थापक किस वंश के थे ?
(a) संगम
(b) सुलुव
(c) तुलुव
(d) अफगान
उत्तर:
(a) संगम

प्रश्न 6.
विजयनगर साम्राज्य का किस साम्राज्य से हमेशा प्रतिस्पर्धा चलता था ?
(a) दिल्ली सल्तनत से
(b) पश्चिमी शक्तियों से
(c) बहमनी साम्राज्य से
(d) मालवा से
उत्तर:
(c) बहमनी साम्राज्य से

प्रश्न 7.
विजयनगर साम्राज्य की राजधानी कहाँ स्थित थी ?
(a) तंजौर
(b) कालीकट
(c) हम्पी
(d) मदुरई
उत्तर:
(c) हम्पी

प्रश्न 8.
कृष्णदेव राय किस वंश से संबंधित था ?
(a) सुलुव
(b) संगम
(c) तुलुव
(d) आरबिडू
उत्तर:
(c) तुलुव

प्रश्न 9.
विजयनगर साम्राज्य का अंतिम शासक कौन था ?
(a) अच्युतदेवराय
(b) सदाशिव राय
(c) कृष्णदेव राय
(d) रंग तृतीय
उत्तर:
(d) रंग तृतीय

प्रश्न 10.
विजयनगर के शासक किस देवता के नाम पर शासन करते थे ?
(a) विट्ठल देवता
(b) वीरूपाक्ष देवता
(c) गणेश देवता
(d) सूर्य देवता
उत्तर:
(b) वीरूपाक्ष देवता

प्रश्न 11.
भक्ति आंदोलन का जन्म कहाँ हुआ ?
(a) उत्तर भारत
(b) दक्षिण भारत
(c) पूर्वी भारत
(d) पश्चिमी भारत
उत्तर:
(b) दक्षिण भारत

प्रश्न 12.
बलवन की पुत्री का विवाह किस सूफी सन्त के साथ हुआ था ?
(a) निजामुद्दीन औलिया
(b) फरीदउद्दीन गंज ए शकर
(c) कुतुबुद्दीन बख्तयार काकी
(d) मुइनुद्दीन चिश्ती
उत्तर:
(b) फरीदउद्दीन गंज ए शकर

प्रश्न 13.
ख्वाजा मुइनुद्दीन चिश्ती साहब की अजमेर स्थित दरगाह पर सर्वप्रथम कौन-सा सुल्तान गया ?
(a) बलवन
(b) मुहम्मद-बिन-तुगलक
(c) अलाउद्दीन खिलजी
(d) अकबर
उत्तर:
(b) मुहम्मद-बिन-तुगलक

प्रश्न 14.
‘सुल्तान उल हिन्द’ किसे कहा गया ?
(a) ख्वाजा मुइनुद्दीन चिश्ती
(b) शेख सलीम चिश्ती
(c) निजामुद्दीन औलिया
(d) फरीदउद्दीन गंज-ए-शकर
उत्तर:
(a) ख्वाजा मुइनुद्दीन चिश्ती

प्रश्न 15.
कुतुबमीनार का निर्माण किसने शुरू किया ?
(a) इल्तुतमिश
(b) जलालुद्दीन खिलजी
(c) कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक
(d) रजिया
उत्तर:
(c) कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक

प्रश्न 16.
अपनी आँखों के सामने सती प्रथा का दृश्य देखकर कौन विदेशी यात्री मूर्च्छित हो गया था ?
(a) अलबरूनी
(b) अब्दुर्रज्जाक
(c) इब्नबतूता
(d) बर्नियर
उत्तर:
(c) इब्नबतूता

प्रश्न 17.
लाहौर में एक 12 वर्षीय बालिका को जबरदस्ती सती बनाये जाने की मार्मिक घटना का आँखों देखा हाल किस विदेशी यात्री ने बताया है ?
(a) अलबरूनी
(b) अब्दुर्रज्जाक
(c) इब्नबतूता
(d) बर्नियर
उत्तर:
(d) बर्नियर

प्रश्न 18.
‘किताब-उर-रेहला’ में किसका यात्रा वृत्तान्त मिलता है ?
(a) अलबरूनी
(b) अब्दुर्रज्जाक
(c) इब्नबतूता
(d) बर्नियर
उत्तर:
(c) इब्नबतूता

प्रश्न 19.
मध्ययुगीन यात्रियों का सरताज किस यात्री को कहा जाता है ?
(a) अलबरूनी
(b) मार्को पोलो
(c) बर्नियर
(d) इब्नबतूता
उत्तर:
(b) मार्को पोलो

प्रश्न 20.
इब्नबतूता किस सुल्तान के शासनकाल में भारत आया था ?
(a) मुहम्मद बिन तुगलक
(b) बलबन
(c) रजिया सुल्तान
(d) सिकन्दर लोदी
उत्तर:
(a) मुहम्मद बिन तुगलक

प्रश्न 21.
अलबरूनी किसके साथ भारत आया ?
(a) महमूद गजनी
(b) मोहम्मद गौरी
(c) तैमूर
(d) मोहम्मद बिन कासिम
उत्तर:
(a) महमूद गजनी

प्रश्न 22.
इब्नबतूता किस देश का यात्री था ?
(a) मोरक्को
(b) मिस्र
(c) तुर्की
(d) ईरान
उत्तर:
(a) मोरक्को

प्रश्न 23.
कैप्टन हॉकिन्स किस मुगल शासक के दरबार में आया था ?
(a) अकबर
(b) जहाँगीर
(c) औरंगजेब
(d) शाहजहाँ
उत्तर:
(b) जहाँगीर

प्रश्न 24.
इब्नबतूता ने अपनी यात्रा का विवरण किस भाषा में लिखा था ?
(a) फारसी
(b) उर्दू
(c) अंग्रेजी
(d) अरबी
उत्तर:
(d) अरबी

प्रश्न 25.
मुगल साम्राज्य के वास्तविक संस्थापक थे
(a) अकबर
(b) बाबर
(c) हुमायूँ
(d) उपर्युक्त में से कोई भी नहीं।
उत्तर:
(b) बाबर

प्रश्न 26.
तुजुक-ए-बाबरी का लेखक कौन है ?
(a) बाबर
(b) हुमायूँ
(c) गुलबदन बेगम
(d) बदायूँनी
उत्तर:
(a) बाबर

प्रश्न 27.
तम्बाकू पर किस शासक ने प्रतिबन्ध लगाया ?
(a) अकबर
(b) बाबर
(c) जहाँगीर
(d) शाहजहाँ
उत्तर:
(c) जहाँगीर

प्रश्न 28.
कुतुबमीनार का निर्माण किसने आरम्भ किया ?
(a) इब्नबतूता
(b) जलालुद्दीन खिलजी
(c) कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक
(d) रजिया
उत्तर:
(c) कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक

प्रश्न 29.
अकबर का वित्तमंत्री कौन था ?
(a) बीरबल
(b) मानसिंह
(c) टोडरमल
(d) अबुलफजल
उत्तर:
(c) टोडरमल

प्रश्न 30.
‘आइन-ए-अकबरी’ कितने भागों में विभक्त है ?
(a) दो
(b) तीन
(c) चार
(d) पाँच
उत्तर:
(d) पाँच

प्रश्न 31.
‘आइन-ए-अकबरी’ किसने लिखा ?
(a) बाबर
(b) फैजी
(c) अबुल फजल
(d) बदायूँनी
उत्तर:
(c) अबुल फजल

प्रश्न 32.
दिल्ली से दौलताबाद किस शासक ने अपनी राजधानी परिवर्तित की ?
(a) बलवन
(b) मुहम्मद तुगलक
(c) अलाउद्दीन खिलजी
(d) अकबर
उत्तर:
(b)

प्रश्न 33.
मुगलकालीन चित्रकला किसके काल में चरमोत्कर्ष पर पहुँची ?
(a) हुमायूँ
(b) अकबर
(c) जहाँगीर
(d) शाहजहाँ
उत्तर:
(d) शाहजहाँ

प्रश्न 34.
बादशाहनामा किसने लिखा ?
(a) फैजी
(b) अबुल फजल
(c) अब्दुल हमीद लाहौरी
(d) निजामुद्दीन अहमद
उत्तर:
(c) अब्दुल हमीद लाहौरी

प्रश्न 35.
फतेहपुरी सीकरी की राजधानी किसने बनाया ?
(a) अकबर
(b) जहाँगीर
(c) शाहजहाँ
(d) बाबर
उत्तर:
(a) अकबर

प्रश्न 36.
अकबर ने किस सन् में दीन-ए-इलाही धर्म चलाया ?
(a) 1562
(b) 1564
(c) 1579
(d) 1581
उत्तर:
(d) 1581

प्रश्न 37.
दिल्ली में चाँदनी चौक का निर्माण किसने कराया ?
(a) जहाँआरा
(b) रोशनआरा
(c) गौहरआरा
(d) किसी ने नहीं
उत्तर:
(a) जहाँआरा

प्रश्न 38.
गुलबदन बेगम कौन थी ?
(a) नर्तकी
(b) गायिका
(c) लेखिका
(d) नायिका
उत्तर:
(c) लेखिका

प्रश्न 39.
अकबर का संरक्षक बनकर किसने शासन किया ?
(a) बैरम खाँ
(b) मुनीम खाँ
(c) अब्दुल लतीफ
(d) हुमायूँ
उत्तर:
(a) बैरम खाँ

प्रश्न 40.
भारत का अन्तिम मुगल सम्राट कौन था ?
(a) शाहजहाँ
(b) औरंगजेब
(c) मुहम्मद शाह
(d) बहादुरशाह जफर
उत्तर:
(d) बहादुरशाह जफर

प्रश्न 41.
तुजुक-ए-जहाँगीरी की रचना किसने की ?
(a) अब्बास खाँ सरवानी
(b) गुलबदन बेगम
(c) जहाँगीर
(d) नूरजहाँ
उत्तर:
(c) जहाँगीर

प्रश्न 42.
मुमताज महल किसकी पुत्री थी ?
(a) आसफ खाँ
(b) बैरम खाँ
(c) महावत खाँ
(d) अब्दुल रहीम
उत्तर:
(a) आसफ खाँ

प्रश्न 43.
अकबर के समकालीन इतिहासकार कौन था ?
(a) फरिश्ता
(b) बदायूँनी
(c) मुल्ला दाउद
(d) मुहम्मर खान
उत्तर:
(b) बदायूँनी

प्रश्न 44.
अकबर निम्नलिखित में से किस पर अधिकार नहीं कर सका ?
(a) मारवाड़
(b) मेवाड़
(c) जोधपुर
(d) चित्तौड़
उत्तर:
(d) चित्तौड़

प्रश्न 45.
औरंगजेब ने अपने जीवन का अन्तिम भाग बिताया
(a) पूर्वी भारत
(b) पश्चिमी भारत
(c) दक्षिण भारत
(d) उत्तर भारत
उत्तर:
(c) दक्षिण भारत

प्रश्न 46.
शेख मुइनुद्दीन चिश्ती की दरगाह स्थित है
(a) आगरा
(b) दिल्ली
(c) अजमेर
(d) फतेहपुर सीकरी
उत्तर:
(c) अजमेर

प्रश्न 47.
शाहजहाँ की किस पुत्री ने ख्वाजा मुइनुद्दीन चिश्ती साहब की अजमेर स्थित दरगाह का वर्णन किया है ?
(a) जहाँआरा
(b) रौशनआरा
(c) गौहरआरा
(d) इनमें से सभी ने
उत्तर:
(a) जहाँआरा

प्रश्न 48.
स्थापत्य कला का सर्वाधिक विकास किसके समय में हुआ ?
(a) अकबर
(b) जहाँगीर
(c) शाहजहाँ
(d) औरंगजेब
उत्तर:
(b) जहाँगीर

प्रश्न 49.
‘दीन-ए-इलाही’ सम्बन्धित है।
(a) बाबर से
(b) हुमायूँ से
(c) अकबर से
(d) जहाँगीर से
उत्तर:
(c) अकबर से

प्रश्न 50.
मुगल प्रशासन में जिले को किस नाम से जाना जाता था ?
(a) अहार
(b) सूबा
(c) सरकार
(d) दस्तूर
उत्तर:
(c) सरकार

BSEB Bihar Board 12th Business Studies Important Questions Short Answer Type Part 3 are the best resource for students which helps in revision.

Bihar Board 12th Business Studies Important Questions Short Answer Type Part 3

Question 1.
List any three consumer organisations/NGOs in Delhi.
Answer:

1. Common Causes, Delhi.
2. Consumer Coordination Council, Delhi.
3. Voluntary organisation in interest of consumer education (VOICE), Delhi.

Question 2.
Explain in brief the objectives of management.
Answer:
Objectives of Management:
(i) Securing maximum results with minimum efforts:The main objective of the management is to obtain maximum output with the minimum use of a vailable resources, directed towards reducing the cost of production.

(ii) To increase efficiency of the factor, of production: Through optimum utilization of its factors of production, management aims at reducing wastage of time, efforts and many, leading to increase in productivity and there by growth of an enterprise.

(iii) To achieve prosperity Management aims at securing prosperity for both the owners and the workers by generating higher profits for the owners and providing a fair remuneration to the workers.

(iv) To ensure betterment of human life and social justice Management also aims at improving the standared and quality of living of the people within and outside the orgnisation structure and seeks justice to all through its uniform policies and practices.

Question 3.
Co-ordination is a ‘Continuous Process’ and the ‘Essence of Management’ in an organisation. Explain.
Answer:
Essence of Management:

• Co-ordination is needed to perform all the functions of management.
• In Planning, co-ordination is required between main plan and supportive plans of different departmants.
• In Organisation, co-ordination is required between different resources of an organisation and also between authority, responsibility and accountability.
• In Staffing, co-ordination is required between skill of a person and job assigned to him, between efficiency and compensation, etc.
• In Directing co-ordination is required between superior and sub-ordinates, between orders, instructions guidelines and suggestions, etc.
• In controlling co-ordination is required between standard and actual performance.

Question 4.
What are the three levels of management? State any there functions of the middle level management?
Answer:
The term level of management refers to line of demarcation between various managment positions is an organisation. Breach has divided management into three levels as under:

1. Top level management.
2. Middle level management.
3. Lower level management.

Functions of middle level management:

1. To serve as a link between the upper level and lower level management.
2. To explain the objectives and policies laid down by the top level management.
3. To keep an eye on the actual results, so that work performance can be assessed.
4. To maintain a balance between different parts of the organisation.

Question 5.
Define scientific management. State any three of its principles.
Answer:
Scientific management implies the application of science to management. It means conducting business activities according to standardized tools method and trained personnel in order to increase the output improve its quality and reduce the cost and wastes.

Principles of management:
(i) Co-operation between labour and management: Taylor has advocated for harmonious relationship between workers and the management because he feels that if there is close relationship between employees and the employer, maximum output may be obtained at minimum cost.

(ii) Maximum prosperity of the employer and its employees: Taylor under, stand that maximum output at minimum cost leads to maximum profit. Therefore, both workers and die management should be paid handsome records for their service.

(iii) Scientific selection, training and development of workers: According to Taylor, employees should be selected according to pre-determined standards. After that, proper training should be imparted to develop the workforce.

Question 6.
What is meant by ‘work study’? Briefly explain the role of ‘Time’ and ‘Motion’ studies while setting the standard task.
Answer:
Work Study: In the words of Russell M. Cume, “Work study is the systematic, objective and critical study of all the factors governing the operational efficiency of any specified activity in order to effect improvement.”

Time study: Time Study is the art of observing and recording the time required to perform each detailed task of an industrial operation. It involves the following steps:

• Dividing the work into various parts or components,
• Recording the time taken by different employees in completing that sub-task.
• Selection of the average worker.
• Finally setting up the standared time.

Every worker is required to compete the work within die standard time.

Motion Study: Motion Study is the science of eliminating wastefulness resulting from using unnecessary, ill-directed and inefficient motions. The aim of motion study is to identify a scheme of least waste or best method of work.
Steps involved in moton study are:

• Selection of efficient workers.
• Analysis of movement involved.
• Recording the best motions involving minimum time and effort.
• Selection of the most efficient working system.

These work measurement techniques help in determining the best method of doing a job and the standard time allowed for Jt. It is on this basis that the standard task is, set.

Question 7.
Describe, in brief, Taylor’s principles of:
(i) Co-operation, not individualism, and
(ii) Maximum, not restricted output.
Answer:
(i) Co-operation, not individulism: This principle suggests to secure cooperation of workers. It is only through co-operation with workmen that managers can ensure that work is carried out in accordance with plans and standared of performance. Work should be Carried out by individuals in cooperation with each other based on mutual confidence and sense of good will, while setting standards, employees who are supposed to perform should be involved in that process.

(ii) Maximum, not restricted output: There should be continuous increase in production and productivity. As a result surplus will increase and both the management and labour can have a larger share. This principle requires that the aim of management should be to secure maximum prosperity for the employees along with maximum welfare of employess.

Question 8.
Why is it important for business enterprises to understand their environment? Explain briefly.
Answer:
Importantancc of study of Business Environment: Business environment is highly dynamic and uncontrollable. It keeps the entire business active and prudent.

Business environment has following benefits:

• A study of the changing business environment is helpful in formulating future strategies.
• A study of the environment reveals various internal and external environmental factors affecting the enterprise.
• A study of the business environment helps recognize the threats, challenges, risks and dangers likely to be faced by an enterprise.

Question 9.
Explain the meaning of Business Environment Explain any two dimensions of general environment of business.
Answer:
Business Environment means forces (economic, social, political, technological etc.) and instututions (suppliers, customers, competitors, etc.) outside the firm with which its members must deal to achieve the organization’s purpose.

Business Environment is the aggregate of all and influences that surround and affect the business. The dimensions of general environment of business are:

1. Economic Environment.
2. Social Environment
3. Technological Environment.

(1) Economic Environment: Economic environment consists of national income, corporate profits, inflation rate, fate of interest, tax rates employment rate, government spending, etc. general economic environment influences the policies and actions of the business in a big way.

(2) Social Environment: It describes characteristics of the society in which the organisation exists, literary rate, educational level, custom beliefs, value, life style, demographic distribution are apart of social environment.

Question 10.
Why is planning regarded as a pervasive function of management?
Answer:
Planning is needed for all activities at all levels although the nature and extent of planning varies with the delegated authority or position a persons holding in the organizational hierarchy and with the broad guidelines outlined by his superiors, Thus planning is a pervasive function of management

Question 11.
“Planning is the basic function of management.” Explain.
Answer:
Among various functions of management planning occupies the foremost position. Planning proceeds the executer of all other managerial functions because it provides the frame of reference for future decisions reduces overall impact of changes and allows managers to organize, staff, direct and control the activities necessary to achieve the organizational goals.

Question 12.
How can political climax and policies of competitors obstruct Planning?
Answer:
Political climax: Political climax affects the planning in a negative way. Planning is adversely affected by the policies of Government. If the Government, introduces new laws, changes in trade policy, taxation policy or industrial policy, the planning of many enterprises is disturbed.

Policies of competitors: The planning of competitors affects the planning. While planning, the planner must keep the policies of the competitors convinces the consumer and surpassed them in marketing. This will distribute the planning.

Question 13.
“Planning restricts creativity”. Explain.
Answer:
Planning involves deciding in advance what is to be done, how is to be done and by whom. Thus all organizational activities arc pre-conceived and predetermined at the stage of planning itself and there is very little or no scope for deviating from the plans due to factors like capital investments, government policies and so on. This blind conformity with pre-determined guidelines discourages individual initiative and freedom.

Question 14.
Define organizing.
Or, What is meant by organizing process?
Answer:
Organizing is a process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources establishing productive relations among them for the achievemnt of goals. According to Harold Koontz O’ Donnell “Organizing involves the grouping of activities necessary to accomplish goals and plans, the assignment of these activities to appropriate departments and the provision for authority delegation and co-ordination.”

Thus, organizing is concerned with building up a stable framework or structure of various interrelated parts of an enterprise, each part having its own function and being centrally regulated.

Question 15.
Distinguish between formal and informal communications.
Answer:
Difference between formal organisation and informal organisation:

Question 16.
Discuss the four function of management.
Answer:
The four functions of management are as follow:
1. Planning: planning is the function of determining in advance what is to be done and who is to do it. This implies setting goals in advance and developing a way of achieve them efficiently and effectively. Planning cannot prevent problems but it can predict them and prepare contingency plans to deal with them if and when they occur.

2. Organising: Organising is the management function of assigning duties, grouping tasks, establishing authority and allocating resources required to carry out a specific plan. It determines what activities and resources are required. It decides who will do a particular task, what it will be done, and when it will be done. Organising involves the grouping of the required tasks into manageable departments or work units the establishment of authority and reporting relationships.

3. Staffing: Staffing is finding the right people for the right job. A very important aspect of management is to make sure that the right people with the right qualifications are available at the right places and times to accomplish the goals of the organisation. This is also known as the human resource function and it involves activities such as recruitment, selection, placement and training of personnel.

4. Directing: directing involves leading, influencing and motivation employees to perform the tasks assigned to them. This requires establishing an atmosphere that encourages employees to do their best motivation and leadership are two key components of direction. Directing also involves communicating effectively as well as supervising employees at work. Motivating workers means simply creating an environmentthat makes them want to work.

5. Controlling: Controlling is the management function of monitoring organisational performance towards the attainment of organisational goals. The task of controlling involves establishing standards of performance measuring current performance comparing this with establishment standards and taking corrective action where any deviation is found.

Question 17.
What are the steps in the process of organizing?
Answer:
following are the steps in the process of organizing:

1. Division of Labour: On the basis of principles of division, every group is handed over some specified work. This leads to increase in the efficiency of efforts of such groups. Division of labour leads to increase in work efficiency.
2. Sources of Authority: As authority gives rise to responsibility, fixing of responsibility is essential while delegating authority to people working at different levels of the organization.
3. Departmentation: At this stage, the activities of the same nature are grouped and assigned to a particular department.

Question 18.
Discuss the elements of delegation.
Or, Explain the elements of delegation of authority.
Answer:
following are the elements of delegation:

• Responsibility: It is the obligation of a subordinate to properly perform the assigned duty. When a superior assigns a job to his subordinate, it becomes the responsibility of the subordinate to complete the job. This means that the word responsibility comes into play only after the job has been assigned.
• Authority: Authority means the power to take decisions. Decision can be related to the use of resources and to do or not to do something.
• Accountability: It means the accountability of the subordinate to his superior for his work performance.

Question 19.
Distinguish ‘Formal’ and ‘Informal’ organization.
Answer:
Difference between ‘Formal’ and ‘Informal’ organization:

Question 20.
What does the term ‘Span of Management’ refer to?
Answer:
Span of management refers to the number of subordinates that can be effectively managed by a superior. The span of management determines the level of management in structure. In general, the span of management is wider at higher levels of management.

Question 21.
Describe the importance of an informal organization.
Or, Why is an informal organization considered necessary? Give any three reasons?
Or, What is the importance of an informal organization in a formal set-up?
Answer:
The importance of an informal organization in a formal set-up may be explained as under:

• Sense of belongingness: In case of an informal organization, there is a feeling of belongingness and personal satisfaction among employees.
• Flexibility: Informal Organization is more flexible because it is based on social relationships and not on formal relationship.

Question 22.
Briefly enumerate the important sources of recruitment.
Answer:
The sources of recruitment can be conveniently classified into internal and external sources.
(i) Internal sources: it is recruitment of employers from within the existing employees, of the organization whenever new vacancy arises people from within the organisation will be upgraded, promoted, transferred or demoted, this process or filling job is called internal sources.

(ii) External sources: External sources of recruitment means the recruitments from outside the organization. when an organization has exhausted internal sources to be unsuitable, then external sources are used. The methods of recruitment are many walk-ins. public employment agencies, labour unions, educational institutions, professional associations, military services, etc.

Question 23.
Distinguish between Time Study and Motion Study.
Answer:
Difference between Time Study and Motion Study:
Time Study:

1. Time study covers only stop watch procedures.
2. Time study is done before motion study.
3. Time study provides the evolution of work measurement devices by establishing time standards.
4. Time study considers the time taken by the worker in the performance of a job.

Motion Study:

1. Motion study mainly covers photographic procedures
2. Motion study is done after time study.
3. Motion study provides for the evolution of ideal methods of doing the work.
4. Motion study is mainly concerned with the physical effect made by him for completing the work.

Question 24.
What is the importance of staffing function in today’s environment?
Or, ‘Staffing is an important function of management in all organizations.’ Why? Explain any four reasons.
Or, State the importance of staffing function in management.
Answer:
Importance of staffing function:

• Investment costs: Procurement of human resources involves investment in terms of selection, training and development cost.
• Long term effect: The investment in human resources is of long term effect.
• Potential contribution: While selecting a person more particularly for the managerial position, the enterprise has not only to think of the current tasks but also his potential contribution in future.
• Cost may surpass investment: The return of investment of personnel more particularly managerial personnel may be positive or negative.
• Multiple effect: The total effect of the functioning of die individual members of a team of managers may not be equal to the effect of the team as a whole.

Question 25.
Explain the internal sources of recruitment.
Answer:
(i) Transfer: it involves the shifting of an employee from one job to another, one department to another or from one shift to another without a substantive change in the responsibilities and status of the employees. Shortage of suitable personnel in one branch may be filled through transfer from other branch or department. Job transfers are helpful in avoiding termination and in removing individual problems and grievances.

(ii) Promotions generally, enterprises fill the higher jobs by promoting employees from lower jobs. Promotion leads to shifting an employees to a higher position, carrying higher responsibilities, facilities, status and pay. Promotion is a vertically shifting of employees. It helps in improving the motivation, loyalty and satisfaction level of employees. It has a great psychological impact over the employees.

Question 26.
Why does entrepreneurship consider as a creative function?
Answer:
The nature of entrepreneurship is creative work culture and qualitative improvement is development only through creative thinking by promoter, organization and management. Basically entrepreneurship is a creative activity creative thinking always motivates to execute positive fundamental and practical thinking.

Question 27.
Distinguish between ‘external’ and ‘internal’ source of recruitment.
Answer:
The difference between ‘External’ and ‘internal’ source of recruitment are as follows:

Question 28.
Who is a supervisor?
Answer:
The supervisor occupies an intermediate position between management and operative employees. As the connecting link between management and workers, the supervisor bridges the gap between what the management expects and what the workers wants. He acts as the medium of communication between higher level managers and the operatives.

The supervisor holds a key position in the organization. He turns plans and policies of the organization into actual results through the efforts of operatives. As the leader of his group or section he is responsible for both the quality and quantity of production. Supervisors are online executives with command authority. They perform all the basic functions of management. Their main task is to secure desired results from rank and file in accordance with predetermined standards of performance.

Question 29.
Explain the process of motivation.
Answer:
Process of motivation: Motivation is the result of interaction between human needs and incentives offered to satisfy them. The main steps in motivation process are given below:

• Awareness of need: The process of motivation begins with awareness of a need. Feeling of a need creates anxiety of tension in the person.
• Stimulus for action: In order to satisfy the need and remove tension, a person takes some action. When a person feels hungry, for example, he takes steps to satisfy his hunger. He workes to earn money with which he can buy food. If the gets no work he may beg for food or may even try to steal food.
• Fulfillment of need: In case the person is successful in satisfying his need he feels motivated. If the attempt is unsuccessful die need remains unsatisfied. In such a case the person may search for a different action.
• Discovery of new need: when one need is satisfies a new need arises and the process is repeated.

Question 30.
What are the various objectives of Consumer Protection Act?
Answer:
There are many objectives of Consumer Protection Act, main of them are as follows:

• To protect and promote the rights of consumer.
• To establish consumer council in order to protect consumer’s interests and rights.
• To provide for disposal of consumer disputes and allied matters.
• To dispose as early as possible and through easy process, the consumer disputes.
• To set up quasi-judicial machinery to solve disputes.

Question 31.
State any three factors that influence the effectiveness of a leader.
Or, State any three qualities of a good leader.
Answer:
Following are the qualities of a good leader:

1. Physical energy and stamina: A leader should have a good personality, charming manners and ability to work hard. A leader will be successful only when he acts with the group as a member and works hard.
2. Intelligence: Leaders should have somewhat higher intelligence than the average of their subordinates. They should possess the ability to think scientifically analyse accurately and interpret clearly and concisely the problems faced by the group.
3. Vision and foresight: A leader, should exhibit his trait of looking forward. He must have foresight to see and feel the future. He should take into account the happenings which are about to occur in future.

Question 32.
“All managers are leaders, but all leaders are not managers.” Do you agree with this statement? Give any three reasons in support of your answer.
Answer:
Yes, we agree with the statement that all managers are leaders but all leaders are not managers following points may be given in support of our views:

1. Leaders perform only one function i.e. leadership function which is one of the elements of directing function of management, Managers perform all the managerial functions i. e., planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.
2. Managers possess formal authority and hold managerial position in the organization whereas a leader may not hold any managerial position, because his authority is informal.
3. The focus of managers is on achieving the organizational goals only while leaders have to achieve the expectations of followers.

Question 33.
Distinguish between ‘upward’ and ‘downward’ communication.
Answer:
Following table shows the distinction between downward communication and upward communication:

Question 34.
Explain the meaning of controlling.
Answer:
Control is a basic management function which implies measurement of actual performance comparing it with the standards and take corrective measures to ensure attainment of objectives according to plans.

According to Henry Fayol, “Control consists in verifying whether everything, occurs conformity with the plans adopted, the instructions issued. principles established, It has for its object to point out weakness and errors in order to rectify them and prevent recurrence.”

Question 35.
“Planning is looking ahead and controlling is looking back.” Comment.
Answer:
Planning and controlling are closely interrelated, controlling is impossible without planning and planning cannot be successful without a proper system of controlling. Planning sets standards to achieve business objectives, controlling measures and assesses the actual performance and compares it with planned standards and suggest corrective measures to be taken to prevent recurrence of the deviations. Planning is the beginning and controlling is the final stage of business activity. Both are interrelated and complementary to each other.

Question 36.
“Controlling implies taking action”. Explain.
Answer:
Controlling means taking action to correct a condition which is different from one that is planned. A manager sitting in the side lines and watching the organization in action does not control. To controlling has to initiate action which will guide the operations within the spheres of plans. Remedial action is the essence of controlling. This will also include actions to modify and improve on the existing plans to recurrence of the deviations noticed by manager.

Question 37.
What are the advantages of Management Audit?
Answer:
The main advantages of Management Audit are as follows:

• It helps to locate present and potential deficiencies in the performance of management functions.
• It helps to improve the control system of an organization by continuously monitoring the performance of the management.
• It improves co-ordination in the functioning of various departments so that they work together effectively towards the achievement of organizational objectives.
• It ensures updating of existing managerial policies and strategies in the light of environmental changes.

Conducting management audit may sometimes pose a problem as there are no standard techniques of management audit. Also, management audit is not compulsory under any low. Enlightened managers, however, understand its usefulness in improving overall performance of the organization.

Question 38.
Distinguish between ‘formal’ and ‘informal’ communication.
Or, How does informal communication differ from formal communication in respect of:
(i) Mutual relationships,
(ii) Speed of communication, and
(iii) Needs.
Answer:
Following table shows difference between formal communication and informal communication:

Question 39.
Explain the process of control as a function of management.
Answer:
Steps in Control process: The main objective of controlling function is to ensure that the actual performance of work is in accordance with the established norms and standard of work. For this objective following steps are taken in mind in the control process:

(i) Establishing Standards: The first step is to establish standards which should be in verifiable terms i.e., quantity of producton units of service, man hour, speed, volume, etc, These standards should be fixed separately for individual, groups, department etc.

(ii) Measuring actual performance: A comprehensive report regarding the actual performance of individual groups, departments and the whole enterprise should be prepared at regular intervals so that they can be studied, analyzed and discussed.

(iii) Comparing actual performance with the desired performance: Actual performance of the individuals, groups, departments and the whole enterprise should be compared with the desired performance.

Question 40.
Describe in brief five features of a good control system.
Answer:
Features of a good control system:

1. Simplicity: A good control system must be simple and easy to understand, Every employee should understand the control system.
2. Motivating: It should motivate both controller and controlled.
3. Economy: The system of control must be worth its cost. It is justified only if the economies anticipated from it are more than the expected costs in its working.
4. Quick reporting: Information relating to target and actual performance should be speedily available.

BSEB Bihar Board 12th Business Studies Important Questions Long Answer Type Part 2 are the best resource for students which helps in revision.

Bihar Board 12th Business Studies Important Questions Long Answer Type Part 2

Question 1.
What meant by ‘Recruitment’? Explain any five sources of recruitment of employees.
Answer:
Recruitment: Recruitment refers to identification of the souces of manpower availability and making of efforts to source applicants for the various job position in the organization. According to Dalton E. Me. Farland, ‘It is the process of attracting potential employees to the company.’

External sources of Recruitment: External sources of recruitment of employees means inviting application, for filling up the vacancies from candidates outside the organization. Some external sources of recruitment are as follows:
(i) Advertising: The vacancies are advertised in newspapers or journals by mentioning job requirement such as qualification, age, experience, salary etc. It gives a wider choice of selection but it is time consuming and costly.

(ii) Employment agencies: information regarding prospective employees can also be obatined from employment agencies. These are of two types:

• Public Employment Agencies, and
• Private Employment agencies. The job-seekers get themselves registered at these employment exchanges. The organisation needing worker of specific nature may get names from these exchange and interview and select the employees.

(iii) Recruitment from colleges and technical institutes: Highly qualified senior executive with specialized education can be recruited by contacting, meritorious candidates from colleges, universities, industrial and technical institutes.

(iv) Recruitment through recommendation of existing employees candidates may be recruited on the recommendation of existing employees, such candidates are, either relative or well-known to the existing employees.

(v) Recruitment at factory gate: A notice is posted on the gate of the factory mentioning the number and type of workers needed, date of selection, etc. The prospective candidate line up at the gate and some supervisor selects the required person by interviewing them.

Question 2.
A newly appointed personnel manager is of the view that there is no benefit of training the workers. Do you agree with his view? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Or, What is the meaning of training? Explain any four needs of training.
Or, State any four benefits of training.
Or, Why is the employee’s training necessary in an organization? Explain, in brief, any six reasons.
Answer:
Training means a process of increasing knowledge and skills to perform specific jobs. Following are the benefits of training which highlight the need or necessity of training for an organization:

(i) Essential for new employees: Training is a follow-up of selection procedure, Training helps in curing defects in the selection process. Training is required to make new employees learn the required job knowledge, skill and methods to quickly achieve the needed performance level.

(ii) Improved performance of existing employees draining is required not only for new employees but for existing employees also. Training makes existing employees more skilled and accurate in performance of their work.

(iii) Coping with changes in techniques: The fast rate of scientific and technological developments has made it necessary to have continuous training facilities. In the absence of proper training facilities, workers may face the danger of getting out of touch with the latest techniques.

(iv) Aid to employee development: As employees acquire new knowledge and job-skills, they increase their market value and wage-earning power. The possession of useful skill enhances their value to their employer. Thus, training increases their job security and chances of promotion and career prospects.

(v) Improvement of quality of working life: Traning enriches the quality of working life of employees. It broadens their outlook and improves their attitudes towards job. Training gives an employee utmost confidence in handling the job assigned to him.

(vi) Cordial Relations: Training creates a feeling among the workers that they are being properly cared for and the employer is sincere to them. This will improve relations between employees and employer.

Question 3.
Explain the following money market instruments:
(a) Cell Money (b) Treasury Bill (c) Commercial Paper (d) Certificate of Deposit.
Answer:
Money market is a market for short-term funds which deal in monetary assets whose period of maturity is upto one year. These assets are close substitutes for money. This market enables raising of short-term funds for meeting temporary shortages of cash or temporary deployment of excess funds for earning returns.

Instruments of money market are:

1. Cell Money: It is used for inter-bank transactions. Cell money is short-term finance repayable on demand with a maturity period of 1 to 15 days. Commercial banks have to maintain minimum balance with the Reserve Bank known as the Cash Reserve Ratio. As RBI keeps varying the CRR to control the amount of credit in circulation, banks have to borrow from each other to maintain CRR. The interest paid on cell money loans is called the cell rate. This rate is highly volatile and keeps on changing.

2. Treasury Hills: It is an instrument of short-term borrowing of Govt, of India maturing in less than one year. They are also called zero coupon bonds as they are issued at a price lower than face value and repaid at par. The difference between issue price and redemption value is the interest receivable on them. They are issued by Reserve Bank on behalf of Govt, of India to meet short-term requirement of funds. They are highly liquid and have assured yield and have negligible risk of default.

3. Commercial Paper: These are short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by large credit-worthy companies to raise short-term funds at rates of interest lower than market rates. Such instruments are negotiable transferable by endorsement and delivery with a fixed maturity period.

4. Certificates of Deposit: These are unsecured negotiable instruments in bearer form. They are issued by commercial banks and development financial institutions. They are issued to individuals, corporations or companies during periods of tight liquidity, i.e. when deposit growth of banks is slow but demand for credit is high. They help to mobilise large amount of money for short period.

Question 4.
Explain the principles of Directing.
Answer:
Following are the principles of directing:
(i) Maximum individual contribution: This principle emphasises that directing techniques must help every individual in the organisation to contribute to his maximum potential for achievement of organizational objectives. It should bring out untapped energies of employees for the efficiency of an organization.

(ii) Harmony of objectives: There should be complete harmony between the objectives of employees and the organizational objective. Employees should be made to understand that employee rewards and work efficiency are complementary to each other.

(iii) Unity of command: This principle insists that a person in the organization should receive instructions from one superior only. If instructions are received from more than one, it creates confusion, conflict and disorder in the organization. Adherence to this principle ensures effective direction.

(iv) Appopriatencss of techniques: An organization should use appropriate motivational and leadership techniques, based on situational variables.

(v) Managerial communication: Effective managerial communication across all the levels in the organization makes direction effective, Directing should convey clear instructions to create total understanding to sub-ordinates.

(vi) Use of informal organization: A manager should realise that informal groups or organizations exist within every formal organization. He should spot and make use of such organization for effecting directing.

(vii) Leadership: While directing subordinates, managers should exercise good leadership as it can influence the sub-ordinates positively without causing dissatisfaction among them.

Question 5.
Describe briefly any six barriers to effective communication.
Or, What are the barriers to communication? Explain.
Answer:
Following are the barriers to effective communication:
(i) Organisational barriers: To many levels in the management hierarchy cause delay in transmission of information, distortion in the message, and deliberate, ‘filtering’ of the message.

(ii) Status or position barriers: The person enjoying higher status or position in the organization does not carefully listen to persons occupying lower status or position. Besides, persons on lower positions may feel reluctant to transmit correct information to the superiors.

(iii) Language barriers: Language barriers result in semantic problems, i.e., different meanings being given to the same word by different persons. The listener interprets language in terms of his own education, knowledge, experience and behaviour.

(iv) Socio-psychological barriers: Different people come from different social and cultural backgrounds. There comes a difference in their incomes, education, living standards, behavioural attitude and experiences. The comunication of ideas and viewpoints is affected by such social and psychological differences.

(v) Mechanical barriers: lnadequade arrangements for transmission of facts and information, poor office layout, defective procedures and practices, use of wrong media lead to poor communication and ‘noise’.

(vi) Information overload: Managers are flooded with facts and information from various sources. The overload of information may compel them to ignore some messages and to misinterpret some others.

Question 6.
Describe briefly any six functions of a supervisor.
Or, “A supervisor is not at all required in an organisation.” Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Or, “Supervision is an important clement of directing function.” Explain any four reasons in support of the above statement.
Answer:
Supervision is an important element of directing function due to following reasons:
(i) Communication of orders and instructions: A supervisor issues a number of orders to his subordinates everyday. Orders are issued to require them to act or not to act in a particular way and to eliminate confusion among sub-ordinates.

(ii) Introduction of new work methods: Another function of a supervisor is to examine constantly how the existing work methpds could be improved to secure maximum productivity. He introduces new methods and techniques in his departments.

(iii) Scheduling activity: The supervisor prepares the schedule of activities of the work group under his supervision. He lays down the time for different operations as also the total time for the work to be completed. Thus, he ensures that each work is completed according to schedule.

(iv) Controlling: Supervisory control includes checking on the methods in use and progress of work against the planned schedule, recording actual performance at regular intervals and reporting deviations to the manager concerned.

(v) Motivation: A supervisor inspires and motivates his sub-ordinates through proper incentives towards better work performance.

(vi) Linking pin: The supervisor acts as a linking pin between management and the operatives. He communicates management’s decision to the workers. As a representative of the workers, he conveys their viewpoints, suggestions, grievances and complaints to higher-level management.

Question 7.
Distinguish between centralization and decentralization.
Answer:

Question 8.
State the characteristics of motivation.
Or, Describe the nature of motivation as an element of directing.
Answer:
Following are the characteristics of motivation which describe its nature:

• Motivation is a psychological concept.
• Motivation is an internal feeling. It is related to energetic forces with in individuals that derive them to behave in a particular fashion.
• Motivation always produces a goal-directed behaviour.
• Motivation can be positive or negative. Positive motivation may be in term of additional pay incentive, reward for hardwork, praise, etc. For satisfactory performance, Negative motivation may be in terms of reprimands, threat of demotion, cut in increment, wage cut for poor performance.
• It is very difficult to measure motivation. Individual employees may have a host of needs that are changing and sometimes in conflict too with each other.

Question 9.
State any six objectives of communication.
Or, Explain how communication is an important function of management.
Or, Explain the importance of the communication process.
Answer:
Communication is an important function of management. Following points high light, the importance of the communication.
(i) Better co-ordination: Communication serves as a tool for coordinating activity. Coordination without communication is a remote possibility. Through communication employees come to know what is going on in other departments.

(ii) Good industrial relations: Communication aims at good industrial relations, communication gives information from both side and it pays more attention on understanding, i.e., employees and management understand each other’s view point.

(iii) Development of managerial skill: Facts, ideas, information, etc. enrich the knowledge of the executives. They try to make use of the acquired knowledge which result into an increase in their wisdom and skill. It ultimately benefits the organisation.

(iv) Quick decision and its enforcement: Effective communication is needful for the quick decision. Effective communication translates the policies into effective instrument of seeing through the organisation on the veil of its progress.

(v) High morale of the employees: The effective medium of the communication develops the feeling of mutual trust. Hence, workers offer their proposals suggestions and ideas.

(vi) Effective Leadership: For effective leadership and-supervision, it is necessary that manager should win over the subordinate and this is only possible through, proper communication.

Question 10.
What is supervision? State the functions of a supervisor.
Or, “The post of supervisor should be abolished in the hierarch of managers.” React.
Or, Explain in brief the various functions of a supervisor.
Answer:
Supervision: It means expert watching, directing and guiding of employees at work and ensuring tasks are according to the plans.
Functions of Supervision arc as follows:

(i) Planning and organizing: Planning is essential for successful and efficient working. The supervisor plans for the works related to his section to the extent of the authority, delegated to him.

(ii) Provision for working condition: The supervisor also has to provide for working conditions like physical setting, lighting, ventilation and sitting facility. He is responsible to provide hygienic and proper conditions of work.

(iii) Guidance: He leads the workers of his section towards achieving the goals. He fixes production targets and provides necessary guidance to the worker.

(iv) Motivation: The supervisor motivates his sub-ordinates by providing non-financial incentives.

(v) Controlling: It is an important function of supervisor. It includes checking progress of work against the planned schedules, recording of actual performance, finance etc.

(vi) Linking pin: He serves as the linking pin between the management and the workers and communicates instructions of management to workers and problems of workers to management.

(vii) Grievance handling: He listens to the agonies of the workers and tries to find out the solution for that.

Question 11.
Explain the functions of financial management.
Answer:
Three major functions of financial management are as under:
1. Functions regarding investment decisions: It refers to investment of firm’s funds in long-term and short term assets. In other words, it amounts to determination of the asset-mix or the amount of assets that should be held by the firm.

Two types of investment decisions are:

(i) Capital budgeting decisions: These decisions are related to investment in long-tern assets that is, assets, which yield returns for a long period of time. The major areas of capital budgeting are:

• Composition of long terms assets: It deals with committing an enterprises funds in investment proposals and replacing existing assets when they become unproductive.
• Expected risk and uncertainty: Benefits offered by fixed assets are spread over future time-periods. Future being uncertain, there is an element of risk associated with these decisions.
• Cost of capital: This is the rate against which expected returns from the investment in fixed assets are compared. This is also called the required rate of return, cut-off rate or opportunity cost of capital.

(ii) Working capital decisions: These decision are related to investment in current assets, that is, assets which can be converted into cash usually within one year. It ensures short run survival of the firm which is a pre-requisite for its long-run survival. The amount to be invested in the current assets should result in trade off between profitability and liquidity

2. Function regarding financing decisions: It deals with determination of capital structure of financing mix of the firm. Once the asset compositions is decided, the financing decision concerns itself with the determination of sources from where funds will raised, the amount to be raised from each source and the cost of each source funds.

The capital structure primarily involves determination of that debt-equily ratio which maximises the market value of shares. Use of debt increases return on equity (leverage) along with risk. A proper balance, therefore, has to maintained between risk and return.

3. Function regarding dividend decisions: It deals with determination of dividend payout ratio. This ratio is equal to the percentage of dividend distributed as earnings available to shareholders. Firms have to decide whether to retain all the profits or distribute them and if distribute, what part of profit should be distributed. These decision must be taken in light of maximising the shareholders’ wealth and therefore, an optimum dividend policy should be arrival at.

Question 12.
What are the factors influencing the financial planning?
Answer:
Factors influencing financial planning: Financial planning is preparation of a financial blueprint of an organisation’s future operations. It aims at smooth operations by focusing on fund requirements and their availability in the light of financial decisions. The following factors are noteworthy while deciding the financial plans:

1. Nature of business: Industries are two types:

• Capital intensive industries: These need huge capital and their financial planning is very complicated.
• Labour intensive industries: These industries need lesser capital and more manpower.

2. Amount of risk: Industries hewing a risky character depend upon their ownership capital whereas industries of lesser risk can work by taking loan. Thus these can work on “Trading on Equity.”

3. Status of an industrial unit: Here the characteristics of an enterprise such as its period since its existence, size, area of working, goodwill of promoters and management. Large scale enterprise do not face financial problems as an old reputed organisation attracts investors.

4. Appraisal of alternative sources of finance: While preparing plans this element should be kept in mind as to which source of finance is more popular, comparing its face value and issue cost. The comparative study should be made whether raising funds from their security will be optimum or not.

5. Attitude of the management: The attitude of management also affects the financial planning of a company. When the company wants that its management be in their hand, the company will not issue new equity shares for expansions, but borrow funds from financial institutions.

6. Magnitidcof external capital requirements: For expansion of the organisation, the finance should be raised from different sources of finance. When funds are needed for short periods, it should be raised from redeemable preference shares or debentures. As for as possible, an effort should be made not to far as possible, an effort should be made not to shares so frequently as it is harmful to company’s goodwill and the cost of capital will unnecessarily increase.

7. Government control: While making financial plans the management should see government policies, financial controls and such other statutory regulations, etc.

Question 13.
What factors determine the fixed capital requirement of a company?
Or, What do you mean by fixed capital? What factors influence the fixed capital requirements?
Answer:
Fixed capital: Fixed capital is that portion of the capital which is invested in fixed assets like land, building, plant and machinery, furniture, patents, etc. Thus fixed capital is used for meeting the’ permanent needs of the company. It is the capital which will be used again and again to genetate revenue for the company.

1. Nature of business: Marketing enterprise requires a small amount of fixed capital as compared with the industrial enterprises in general.

2. Scale of operation: A large scale enterprise generally require more fixed capital than a small scale enterprise. For instance, public utility concerns like railways and electric supply companies require, a huge investment in a fixed assets.

3. Type of manufacturing: Service and assembly industries require a much smaller amount of fixed capital than what is required in analytical or synthetical processing industries. If an industry is highly mechanised, its investment in the form of fixed capital is very high as compared to the industries having less degree of mechanisation.

4. Mode of acquiring fixed assets: Fixed assets can be purchased outright or on the basis of installment payment. In the former case the requirement of fixed capital will be high.

Question 14.
Discuss the functions of money market.
Answer:
The money market is an organised and well developed market in India performing a very important role in economic development through performing various functions which are as under:

1. It provides sources to commercial hanks, non-bank financial concerns, business operations and other investors for their short term financial requirements. The excess short-term funds of commercial banks find their outlets through the call loan market or bill market. Through the activity of money market greater flexibility to the commercial banks in their funds management can be provided.

2. Money market offers an avenue to the commercial banks for investing short-term surpluses of funds and borrpwjng for short term need so as to meet statutory requirements of Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) which vary every fortnight depending upon banks net demand and time liability.

3. The money market also provides short term funds to businessmen, industrialists traders, etc. to meet their day-to-day requirements of working capital.

4. By enabling short term investment of funds to businessmen to utilise their short term surpluses.

Question 15.
Give the classification of capital market.
Answer:
Classification of capital market:
1. Primary Market: This is the market for new long term capital. The primary market is the market in which a security is sold for the first time. It deals with the issue of new for fresh capital and is therefore also referred to as the new issue market (NIM). The essential features of the primary market is that purchase buys newly issued securities. In a primary market, the securities are issued by the company directly to investors.

The company receives the money and issue new security certificates to the investors. Primary issues are used by companies for the purpose of a setting up new business or for expanding modernising the existing business. The primary market performs the crucial function of facilitating capital formation in the economy. It is through this market that the savings of surplus units are channeled to the difficult units which utilise these funds for investment in building, plants and machinery, purchase of technology.

2. Secondary Market: The stock exchanges represent the secondary market for securities. The secondary market is the market for the sale and purchase Of previously issued securities. lit this market, existing securities are traded. The secondary market derives its name from the fact that is not the place of origin of the security, but the place where subsequent transactions Of sale and purchase occur.

Securities in this market are not issued by the company directly to investors. Securities issued earlier are sold by an existing investor to another are sold by an existing investor to another. The company is not involved in the transaction at all. Any investor holding a security transaction at all. Any investor holding a security may choose to sell it. Linkwise, and intending investor may wish to buy the T security which had previosly been issued by the company (during the primary issue).

However, the intending buyer cannot buy the security from the company because it had already sold it at the time of the public issue. Similarly, an intending seller cannot approach the company for repayment until the date of redemption of the security.

Question 16.
Explain the role of stock exchange.
Answer:
Stock exchange provides invaluable services which are as follows:
Services to the country:
1. Stock exchange helps in the process of economic development of the country, the rapid increase in the growth of corporate sector in the recent decades has been possible partly because of the facilities provided by the exchange.

2. Stock exchange serves as an agency of capital formation. By providing liquidity and price continuity of securities, it induces the public to save and invest in corporate enterprise. As a ready continuous market for securities, the stock exchange facilitates shifting of investement to more productive channels. Investors want that their funds should be invested into those securities which are safer and give higher yields.

3. In a developing country, the welfare state has to play an active role in the promotion of business enterprises. Stock exchange helps the Government in raising funds for the public enterprises. It provides a forum for raising public debt which is required for projects of national importance.

4. Stock exchange activities reflect the state of industrial developments in the country. Therefore, it has been described as the pulse of economy.

Services to Corporate Sector:
Stock exchange has a great value for business enterprises. The companies whose securities are listed and dealt in on the stock exchange enjoy the following benefits:
1. Such a company has better credit standing because investors know that stock exchanges exercise control over the management of such companies.

2. Market for the company’s securities is widened. Investors prefer those securities which can be purchased and sold an a stock exchange. Thus, stock exchange helps in the companies to raise capital from the public.

3. Stock exchange helps to minimise fluctuations in the prices of securities. The forces of demand and supply interact through stock exchange. It provides, facility for speculation.

Question 17.
Define the Stock Exchange.
Answer:
The word ‘stock’ means fraction of the capital of a company and the word ‘exchange’ means a place for purchasing and selling something. That means stock exchange is a market where there is a trading in stock (or shares) of different companies. However, in actual practice, the term ’stock exchange’ is used in a wide sense. Modern stock exchanges provide facilities not only for trading in shares but also in other securities issued by companies or corporations or government. Thus, stock exchanges deal in securities like shares debentures or bonds issued by the companies or corporations in the private as well as public sector and bonds issued by the Central and State Governments.

Stock exchange is an important segment of the securities market of any country where private sector has a role to play. It is a place where dealings take place in the listed securities (security includes in the official list of stock exchange). These securities, are second hand securities in the sense that they are those securities which have already been issued to the public by the corporations or the government bodies. The Securities contract (Regulations) Act, 1956 has defined stock exchange as an association, organisation or body of individuals, where incorporated or not, established for the purpose of assisting, regulating and controlling business in buying, selling and dealing in securities.

BSEB Bihar Board 12th Entrepreneurship Important Questions Short Answer Type Part 3 are the best resource for students which helps in revision.

Bihar Board 12th Entrepreneurship Important Questions Short Answer Type Part 3

Question 1.
What is profit volume ratio?
Answer:
The profit volume ratio, which is also called the contribution ratio expresses the relation of contribution to sales.
P/V ratio = \(\frac{\text { Contribution }}{\text { Sales }} \times 100\)

Question 2.
Explain Operational plan as a feature of feasibility plan.
Answer:
Operational plan is the soul of the feasibility report. It shows the methods of production, the quality concerns, optimization of resources, cost effectiveness, the leadership and managerial prudence of the entrepreneur etc. The entrepreneur should provide the flow chart of the operational plan providing vital statistics of various elements involved in the operation of the enterprise.

Question 3.
Explain financial profile as a feature of feasibility plan.
Answer:
Financial profile gives an exact assessment of the revenue, costs, profits and losses, cash flow dynamics, stock & both raw materials and finished products, loans etc., critical assessment of the finances and its dynamics help in the holistic assessment of the enterprise.

Question 4.
Explain technical feasibility as an element of project report.
Answer:
Technical feasibility gives the brief description of the manufacturing process, design of the product, details of the machinery, equipments, raw material to be used, number of manpower required. It also can provide a flow chart in manufacturing.

Question 5.
State two basic qualities of a good entrepreneur.
Answer:

• Understanding of the objectives of the business.
• Understanding of the business environment.

Question 6.
State two features of feasibility plan.
Answer:

• Defines the objectives of the enterprise.
• Carries out market survey and analysis.

Question 7.
Explain the role of financial resources for an entrepreneur.
Answer:
Finance is regarded as the life blood of business. Finance is required to buy machinery, raw materials and other inputs necessary to carry on the operation in the enterprise.

Question 8.
State two objects of sales promotion.
Answer:

1. To introduce new products in the market.
2. To increase sales in the slack season.

Question 9.
State any two objectives of marketing management.
Answer:
Two objectives of marketing management are:

1. To understand and apply the demand theory into the practical world.
2. To have an idea about price output determination under different market situations.

Question 10.
What is the result of applying knowledge, skills, competency and creativity strategically for market orientation?
Answer:
It helps the entrepreneur to understand the customers and their needs market orientation helps the entrepreneur in producing goods and services that would not only meet the current demands but the anticipated demands of the future too.

Question 11.
What do you understand by the term generation of ideas?
Answer:
Generation of ideas is mainly a conscious endeavor to collect ideas from different sources for the purpose of finding a creative solution to a need for problem. Here, different sources are like talking to others, visiting shops and exhibitions, looking through books, specialists, existing entrepreneurs, prospective customers etc.

Question 12.
Name the factors that are involved in sensing opportunities.
Answer:
There are two factors that are involved in sensing opportunities:

1. Ability to perceive and preserve basic ideas.
2. Ability to harness different sources of knowledge and information.

Question 13.
What is a debt equity ratio and what does it indicate?
Answer:
The debt, equity ratio is the relationship between total debt and owner’s capital. It is calculated as follows:
Debt equity ratio = \(\frac{\text { Total debt }}{\text { Owner’s capital }}\)

It indicates the long term financial position of a business. It also helps long term creditors about the security of their funds. In a business of lower debt, equity ratio is preferred by the lenders because it ensures involvement of more stake of the entrepreneur than in case of higher debt-equity ratio. It means that it provides a margin of safety to the creditors.

Question 14.
Name any two central level financing institutions.
Answer:

1. Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)
2. Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI)

Question 15.
Mention two factors on which the channel of distribution depends.
Answer:
Channel of distribution depends on

1. Nature of market
2. Choice and preference of consumers.

Question 16.
What are the objectives of branding?
Answer:
There are the following objectives of branding:

• Brand is broad term which is used to identity a product.
• Broad in a concrete or an abstract from establishes the identity of the product of a particular organisation that distinguishes it from that of other competitions.
• All the means of identity to a brand arc included in brand.
• Brand is a catalyst in the popularity and sales promotion of product.

Question 17.
Name the parameters against which an idea is explained with a suitable example.
Answer:
The parameters against which an idea is tested are product or service identification, application and use level of operation, cost of the product or services, prevalent competition, technical complexities involved, annual turnover and profit margin.

Question 18.
What is the importance of resource for an enterprise?
Answer:
Resources are needed for setting up and running of the enterprise. Physical resources, infrastructural resources, human resources etc., all jointly, make an enterprise. A regular supply of required resources keep the enterprise operational.

Question 19.
Explain ‘care to ecology and environment’ as a social responsibility of an entrepreneur.
Answer:
Production process often causes some sort of pollution. It may be noise, smoke or affluents. Some enterprises are prone to ecological disturbance, still other cause or encourage deforestation, soil erosion or even lead to human and animal health hazards. Entrepreneurs should take the responsibility to keep pollution under controls to provide devices to prevent polluting material from affecting public health. They are required to discipline themselves not to indulge in any activity that vitiate or degrade environment.

Question 20.
Explain the meaning of feasibility study.
Answer:
Feasibility means whether an idea will work or not. Feasibility study means study of how feasible or practical the proposal business Project is. It is a study that analysis various aspects of the proposed business plan including technical, financial, commercial and socio-economic.

Question 21.
State any two functions of IDBI.
Answer:
Two functions of IDBI area:

1. To co-ordinate the working of the institutions which are engaged in financing, promoting or developing industries.
2. To fulfill the gaps in the industrial structure of the country by planning, promoting and developing industries.

Question 22.
Give two examples of opportunity cost.
Answer:
Two examples of opportunity cost are:

1. A building where curtain part remains utilized which could have been rented.
2. The machinery remains unutilized for certain period which could have been leased.

Question 23.
What are the major components of the fixed capital?
Answer:
The major components of the fixed capital are Cost of land, building, machinery and equipment, testing equipment, office equipment and furniture. It also includes pre-operative expenses.

Question 24.
State any two objectives of preparing a project report.
Answer:
Two objectives of project reports are:

1. To assess the scope and range of the source of the enterprise before its actual commencement.
2. To obtain the opinion of experts from various fields viz. technical, financial, marketing, production, legal etc.

Question 25.
What is meant by operational level planning?
Answer:
A plan which shows the steps, procedures and strategies adopted by the entrepreneur in maximising his turnover and production of the enterprise is known as operational level planning.

Question 26.
Availability of resources determines the location of an enterprise. Do you agree? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Yes, it is true that availability of resources determine the location of an enterprise. It is because of the following reasons

• Cost factor: If sources of resources are near the enterprise then the transportation cost is reduced.
• Supply factor: The supply of resources is quick if resources are readily available.

Question 27.
Is entrepreneur responsible towards his competitors?
Answer:
Be it any field, it is the competition that paves the way of development. In the competitive environment, an entrepreneur ever remains alert for being constantly ahead of his rivals. As such, not regarding the competitors as enemies, rather reformers, an entrepreneur owes some responsibilities towards his competitors. To maintain healthy relations with the Competitors, one must not intend to harm them. Therefore, it is imperative to promote fraternity with the competitors.

Question 28.
State any four points of importance of entrepreneurship for a country.
Answer:

1. Contribution of gross domestic product (GDP)
2. Capital for nation
3. Employment generation
4. Generation of business opportunities for others.

Question 29.
Explain how trading related ideas act as idea fields for generation of ideas?
Answer:
Trading refers to buying and selling of goods and services for profit. Today, scope of trade has enlarged to local trade, import, export, e-commerce etc. So, an entrepreneur must have a clear idea of the kind of trading he is willing to be into. Afterwords, this idea further gives him a way to lot more ideas about the place, size and nature of his trading business.

Question 30.
Mention any two techniques of sale promotion with example.
Answer:
The two techniques are:
(i) Rebate: It refers to selling products at a discounted price less than the original price for a limited period of time e.g. soft drink manufacturer company announced 200 ml. bottle of its soft drink minute maid at a price of Rs. 5 instead of regular price Rs. 9 to clear off the stock.

(ii) Refund: This refers to refund a part of price paid by customer on presenting the proof of pruchase, e.g. Rs. 10 off an presentation of empty bottle of Pantene shampoo.

Question 31.
State any two features of venture capital.
Answer:

1. Investors do not interfere in day-to-day business.
2. Investment is made in new enterprises using innovative ideas and new technologies.

Question 32.
Why is working capital called the circulating capital?
Answer:
Working capital is also known as circulating capital because working capital depends mainly on length of circulating cycle. Circulating cycle is the time, period between acquisition of raw materials and the collection of cash from receivables. In trading concern, circulating cycle begins with procuring of goods to be sold and ends with realisation of cash from debtors after the sale of these goods.

The length of operating cycle helps in estimating the working capital requirement. Longer the circulating cycle, larger will be the working capital requirement because in circulating cycle cash flow keeps going out and cash comes only at the end of circulating cycle.

Question 33.
What are the three types of resources basically required while setting up of an enterprise?
Answer:
The resources basically required while setting up of an enterprise may be classified as follows:

1. Physical and technological resources
2. Human resources
3. Financial resources

Question 34.
Explain the financial resources.
Answer:
An important requirement for the success of a business organisation relates to raising of sufficient amount of funds for financing various investment opportunities. No business enterprise can prosper until it has got sufficient financial resources as its disposal to install latest machines and equipment, plants and buildings, meet day-to-day expenses, arrange for the transport of raw materials and finished products and pay wages and salaries.

Question 35.
Why is packaging called a silent salesman?
Answer:
Packaging helps to provide an identification to the product with necessary details, as well as attractive packing encourages like a salesman to people to purchase a product. Thus it is called a silent salesman.

Question 36.
What are the working capital is majured?
Answer:
Availability of enough working capital is indicative of liquidity of business and capacity to make prompt payments working capital is needed for making payment of day-to-day expenditure, for meeting current liabilities and for availing benefit of cash discounts.

Question 37.
Is the equality control necessary for all industries?
Answer:
yes, maintaining quality control necessary for all industries units. However this is greatly necessary for manufactures in the small scale sector because these manufacturers employ human resources to a greater extent in the manufacturing pressure. But, because of various limitations quality control in maintained to a very limited extent. These factors are related to lack of finances, technical competency and absence of proper noun content.

Question 38.
What is ecological feasibility?
Answer:
Ecological feasibility is especially important for those products and services which have a direct or indirect impact on the environment project as general of electricity, irrigation, cement manufacturing and chemical industry etc. The main object of such products is to prevent environmental pollution.

Question 39.
What is channels of distribution?
Answer:
Morely the production of goods is not enough but to dolinar if to consumer is also essential. In order to ensure the delivery of the goods to its ultimate consumer, the produces/manufacturers seek the services of several mediators, like wholesalers, retailers or agents which are called channels of distribution. The distribution channel here refers to the medium or all those means which ensure the access of goods to the ultimate consumers. These channels are also known as vehicles of distribution or business mediators and have seal of the proprietor.

Question 40.
What is innovation? Why it is needed for growth?
Answer:
If an wine is scaled into a new bottle, the act will soon expose the tricks, as such, this strategy can not lead to growth. Thus, a successful entrepreneur bring about some radical changes in the product services which was not existing before and the consumers were not much benefited with the pre-existing product. It is the innovation that can guarantee growth.

BSEB Bihar Board 12th Entrepreneurship Important Questions Short Answer Type Part 4 are the best resource for students which helps in revision.

Bihar Board 12th Entrepreneurship Important Questions Short Answer Type Part 4

Question 1.
Name any three national standards for products and state what products they refer to?
Answer:
Three national standards for products are:

1. ISI Mark: Electrical goods
2. AG Mark: Agricultural and food products
3. HALL Mark: Gold jewellery.

Question 2.
Identify the intermediaries involved in the indirect selling mode.
Answer:

Question 3.
Why should an enterprise go for public financing? Give any three reasons.
Answer:
Reasons for an enterprise to go for public financing:

1. When capital investments are high.
2. The enterprise goes through a process of expansion.
3. It provides the image and credibility to the company.

Question 4.
Explain how socio-cultural factor and political factor help in scanning the environment?
Answer:
Socio-cultural Factor involves a close study of the life styles, beliefs, customs, conventions, practices etc. Expectations of individuals, their preferences on the basis of their family background, age group and education, form a part of the study.

Political Factor: The rule and regulations and the laws that monitor and regulate the market forces are frames by the govt, policies of the govt, in power have to be examined while taking business decision.

Question 5.
Name any three central level financing institutions and explain how they support entrepreneurs?
Answer:
1. Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI): The first development bank was established as a statutory corporation on 1st July, 1948. Its specific objectives are granting loans and advances to industrial enterprises those repayable within 25 years.

2. Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI): IDBI was established in July 1964, by passing an act in the parliament. Before 16th February, 1976, it was a wholly owned subsidiary of Reserve Bank of India. Since then it has been delinked from RBI and made an autonomous corporation.

3. Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI): ICICI was established as a joint stock company under the companies act, 1956 in january, 1955. Now it has been merged with ICICI Bank for the purpose of strengthening the banking activities.

Question 6.
Explain direct and indirect competition and changes in technology as factor influencing growth of an enterprise.
Answer:
Competition may directly come from other firms manufacturing the same product. To survive the competition the manufacturer has to constantly maintain his competitive edge over others. Indirect competition may be due to availability of cheaper product substitutes. It influences growth.

There is a constant change in the process of production and machinery due to technology change. Entrepreneur needs to keep pace with these changes for the growth of an enterprise.

Question 7.
Why does an entrepreneur need the operational plan?
Answer:
An entrepreneur needs the operational plan because of the following reasons:

• Technique of Production: Operational plan shows the method of production adopted by the entrepreneur viz. Labour intensive, capital intensive, small scale production etc.
• Efficiency: Efficiency with which the resources are utilized, extent of diversion from optimum utilization etc. are known to the entrepreneur.
• Cost Effectiveness: Cost effectivenss of the enterprise is understood by the entrepreneur. The areas of unnecessary cost increase are known to a potential entrepreneur.
• Managerial Ability: Managerial capability and prudence is reflected by the operational plan.
• Synergy: Synergy of team, the areas of lacuna in co-ordination etc. are clearly understood by the entrepreneurs.

Question 8.
State the three basis qualities of a good entrepreneur.
Answer:
Three basic qualities of a good entrepreneur are:

1. Understanding the objectives of the business.
2. Understanding of the business environment.
3. Clarification of the purpose and goal.

Question 9.
State any six steps to be taken to develop a good human resource for an organisation.
Answer:
Steps to be taken to develop a good human resources are:

1. Recruitment of competent personnel.
2. Training of the personnel.
3. Motivation for performance.
4. Providing appropriate organizational climate.
5. Scope for performance.
6. Feedback and appraisal.

Question 10.
Values occupy the apex position in sustainable development. Discuss any two values for budding entrepreneur, in context of Present Indian scenario, to follow.
Answer:
So as to develop into a truly successful venture, it is almost mandatory for every entrepreneur to believe and follow certain basic principles or standards of behaviour. As an enterprise is a reflection of entrepreneur a good, honest dedicated entrepreneur will creates honest enterprise. Thus value form apex of sustainable development.

1. Social concern
2. Honesty and fair dealings.

Question 11.
Define a planning paradigm. State the steps required for the planning to be done by the cntcrprcncur at various levels of an enterprise.
Answer:
Planning Paradigm refers to a model, or a general pattern followed by budding entrepreneurs suggesting them how to progress from an abstract idea to achieving sustained stability and the value added servics. Planning, an intellectual process of thinking in advance what do, how to do, when to do, is done by entrepreneurs at various levels of establishment. It is as follows:

1. Planning before Starting the Operation of Firm: At this elementary level, planning comprise of:

• All information regarding objectives.
• Legal aspects pertaining to enterprise.
• Financial and administrative decisions of the proposal enterprise.
• Its stage of preparing project report.

2. Executive Level Planning: This level of planning entails:

• Selecting the objectives and policies of the firm.
• Establishing programmes and procedures for firm.
• Manufacturing and marketing locations.
• long term objectives in market.

3. Operational Level Planning: This level of planning deals with:

• Planning specific projects, events, processes and programmes of the enterprise.
• Budgeting programmes and policies.

Question 12.
‘Those who will not change will perish.’ Explain any two activities which can help enterprise to sustain growth.
Answer:
The growth and development can be sustained by an enterprise through:
1. Modernization: By adopting and changing to new process, technologies, machineries, standards, designs, devises of human resources utilization, etc. in place of outdated, worn-out modes increases product, suitability and reduces its cost thus promoting growth of an enterprise.

2. Expansion: An enprise grows by increasing the volume of its production. Increase investment, a higher turnover, more units at different places, all symbolizes growth.

3. Diversification: A dominant sign of growth, characterised by addition of similar products or services to the original ones, or maybe in the field of totally new products or services or any other allied area.

Question 13.
Differentiate between owner’s fund and borrowed funds on the following basis:
(i) Control over management (ii) Security of assets (iii) Permanence.
Answer:
Difference between owner’s fund and borrowed fund are as following:

Question 14.
What is relationship between human activities and entrepreneurship?
Answer:
The relationship between human activities and entrepreneurship can be more simplified by saying entrepreneurial opportunity lies in meeting human needs. Human needs are of various types – 1. Physical, 2. Economic, 3. Social, 4. Political, 5. Spiritual etc.

For fulfilling such needs the human beings are continuously engaged in variety of activities. This creates perpetual opportunity in the society for continuous innovation, production, industrial development increases in per capita income, high standard of living, maintenance, modification and improvement in goods and services to enable people to perform the required human activities.

Question 15.
Who is an Entrepreneur?
Answer:
Entrepreneur is a person who perceives an idea of establishing a new business enterprise and then brings together manpower, land, equipment, material and arranges necessary capital needed for business. He is a person who takes risk of setting up new enterprises. Although, risk taking is the primary function of an entrepreneur but in modem time he is required to perform other functions also, such as leadership, planning, innovation, control and other related functions. He is always in search of new opportunities.

1. According to Joseph A. Schumpeter, “Entrepreneur is a person who foresees the opportunity and tries to exploit it by introducing a new product, new method of production, a new market, a new market, a new sources of raw material or a new combination of factor of production.”

2. According to Herbton Evans, “The entrepreneur is a person or group of persons who has (or assumes) the task of determining the kind of business to be operated.”

3. According to Forest Frantz, “The entrepreneur is more than a manager. He is an innovator and promoter as well.” ,

Question 16.
State the objectives of identification of business opportunities.
Answer:
The major objectives of identification of business opportunities are summed up underneath:

• To make a survey of the location for a business venture by keeping in view the specific demand in the country, and the various regions, on the basis of which the viability of the venture depends. Such feasibilities should be realistic in term of technological and economical aspects.
• To assess the extent of demand or consumption both in technological and economical terms in a specific area.
• To identity those areas, notwithstanding the local resources but in view of the inexorable demand, the probability or scope of business can be thought of in economical term.
• To ascertain the viability of a venture both on long-term or short-term basis.
• To identity the business opportunities in other areas.
• To assess the impact of the existing financial institutions in context of the industrial evolution process.
• To evaluate the involvement of labour, capital investment, material and infrastructure for establishing any commercial venture.

Question 17.
What are the kinds of opportunities?
Answer:
Commonly, there are two categories of opportunities:
1. Existing Opportunities in the Environment: There are some kind of opportunities which are already existing, e.g., paper, cloth and footwear industry where some innovative devices are required to bring about some modification, novelty and distinction from the existing quality and look. Here the skilled entrepreneurs try to introduce or to incorporate something new.

They continue looking out for some innovative elements to be incorporated so as to do away with the existing shortcomings and change the entire complexion of the existing merchandise to present before the consumer.

2. Created Opportunities: Such opportunities are not pre-existing rather created in view of the aspirations of the consumers, changing fashion trends, technical innovations and according to the prevailing conditions, assume new forms.

Such as, due to continuous innovations in the field of Information Technology, new appliances like television, computer and software etc. always remain exposed to innovation, in the field of Biotechnology new appliances and innovative devices are being exploited for combatting the newly emerging human deadly diseases, manufacturing and research of wonder-drugs, etc., as this phenomenon is unstoppable.

Question 18.
What is Demand Forecast?
Answer:
What would be the demand for a particular product by a specific group of customers, in a well defined geographical region, during a particular span of time under the planned marketing strategies and the existing market environment, is termed as demand forecast. In other words, how much quantity of a product would be actually purchased by customers in future is demand forecast.

Question 19.
Why is entrepreneurship regarded as a creating activity?
Answer:
Entrepreneurship is creative in the sense that it involves certain value. We must appreciate that in the absence of entrepreneurship ‘matter’ does not become a resource. By combining the various factors of production entrepreneurs produce goods and services that meet the needs and wants of the society. Every entrepreneurial act results in income and wealth generation. Even when invocations destroy the existing industries for example, zerox machines destroyed carbon paper industry. Such entrepreneurial actions are commendable as the act of creative destruction.

Production, implying creation of form, Place, time and memory combined utilisation of deverse factors of production, land, labour, capital and technology. Entrepreneur, in response to a perceived business opportunity mobilise these resources into a productive enterprise or firm. It may be pointed out that the entrepreneur may not be possessing any of these resources he may just have the idea that promotes among the resource providers.

An entrepreneur needs negotiations skills to raise these in the best interests of the enterprise organisation of production in also involves products development and development of the market for the product. Besides, entrepreneur may be required to develop even the source of supply of requisite inputs. Thus it is rightly said that entrepreneurship is a creative activity.

Question 20.
Why environment scanning is considered to be an important aspect of entrepreneurship?
Answer:
Environment constitutes forces which influence a business operation Such forces are mainly external and beyond the control of entrepreneurs. It is within the existing environment however, that an enterpresie has to function effectively. This needs a proper assessment and understanding of the current threats and opportunities of a business.

The relationship between a business and environment has three forms:

1. Input: Environment provides the required input to the organisation, for instance, land, material, human resources, money etc.
2. Conversion: Resources used to produce goods and services within the given framework.
3. Output: Products arc sold back to people, goods are transferred and exchange takes place. This is a cyclical process of relationship between environment and enterprise.

The major objectives of environmental analysis are:

1. An effecting utilisation of resources.
2. Information about changing trends in market demand.
3. Need for modernisation, diversification and organisation to meet the emerging problems.
4. Profitable exploitation of opportunities and development of strategies to defeat the threats.
5. Improved level of managerial efficiency.
6. Forecasting future events and preparing in advance for the anticipated development.

Successful entrepreneurship expects environmental scanning on a continuous basis. Only this can give survival and growth to the unit in a profitable manner.

Question 21.
Why an entrepreneur should pay proper attention to marketing of his production?
Answer:
Marketing is an essential activity of modern business which has wider competition, larger diversification and international distribution. Proper attention to marketing is required due to its following benefits:

• it helps business units in using its resources for consumer’s satisfaction.
• it helps in producing what consumers want and assists increased profitability.
• it leads to long run growth, good will, prosperity and survival give space of the unit.
• if offers opportunities of product diversification, risk minimisation, out put specialisation and customers support.

Question 22.
What are the objective of identification of business opportunities?
Answer:
The following are the objective of identifications of business opportunities:

• To make survey of the location for a business venture by keeping in view the specific demand in the country, and the various regions, on the basis of which the viability of the venture depends. Such feasibilities should be realistic in term of technological and economical aspects.
• To assess the extent of demand or consumption both in technogical and economical terms in specific areas.
• To identity those areas, not with standing the local resources in view of the inexorable demand the profitability or scope of business can be thought of in economical term.
• To ascertain the viability of a venture both on long term or short term basis.
• To identify the business opportunities in other areas.
• To assess the impact of the existing financial institution in context of the industrial evolution process.
• To evaluate the involvement of labour, capital investment, material and infrastructure for establishing any commercial venture.

Question 23.
Write a note on environmental appraisal and analysis.
Answer:
Environmental appraisal is a process by which a strategic planner, in order to encounter his opportunities and challenges, continue monitoring the economic, social, political, production technological and market condition. The environmental analysis refer to the reactions, environmental factors, anticipations and expectations of an entrepreneur.

To an entrepreneur this analysis is radar, like important by which he is kept informed by the probable risks and threats which enable him to stay prepared for any eventualty and maintain an equilibrium between his strategies and objectives.

It enables an entrepreneur to ascertain about the environmental conditions and also about the implied probabilities and opportunities. It acts like a radar. It keeps a watch on the on going change in the environment.

Environmental analysis is a kind of holistic exercises which includes a complete survey and analysis of the business environment and not by the parts, as such.

Question 24.
What do you mean by market environment?
Answer:
A company’s marketing environment consists of the factors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing managements ability to develop and maintain successful transaction with its target customers. According to Cravens and other, “Markeing environment in which is external to the marketing management function, largely uncontrolable, potentially relevant to marketing decision making and changing and constraining in nature.”

Question 25.
What is Market Evaluation? Why it is done?
Answer:
Ascertaining customer incomes, their likes and dislikes and details about their educational qualifications through a survey and producing products to match the above is termed as Market Evaluation. This is undertaken to manufacture the products in accordance with the market requirements.

Question 26.
On which two important points an entrepreneur will pay special attention to select an entreprise?
Answer:
1. Easy Formation: if an enterprise is soon and conveniently to be established, sole trading is recommended. For a partnership the same-minded

partners with the same idealogy have to be taken into the fold. In case of joint stock company and co-operative society various legal and constitutional formalities are to be furnished along with the registration. Therefore an entrepreneur after careful consideration should make the selection of the enterprise because all the patterns are strewn over with pros and cons.

2. Types of Business Activities: An entrepreneur ought to select his enterprise according to his business activities. If it is a small-scale enterprise or individual service, i.e., barber, tailor, jeweller, etc., sole trading is recommended. In the event of a large enterprise, partnership or a joint enterprise may be opted.

Question 27.
What is the role of Government regulations in selection of an enterprise?
Answer:
Generally, every business or industry is required to follow certain local and Government rules and regulations. Some of the Government regulations are based upon the size or volume of business while some other regulations are in respect of the ownership of business. Since the proprietor or partnership business is usually small in size and turnover, so Government control over such type of business is comparatively very limited.

While the company form of organisations usually function on a large scale so they are bound to a greater extent by legal restrictions. Each and every activity of such organisation is reviewed under the Companies Act.

Question 28.
Name any two factors to be considered before setting up of an enterprise.
Answer:
1. Labour or Men: In all the resources of production, the ingredient of labour is the most mobilising element that stimulates all other factors and turns even the most useless thing into a useful one. As such, on the basis of an active labour force, the success of an enterprise can be determined. For the successful operation of an enterprise both kinds of skilled and unskilled labour force are required. In order to make this force workable managerial personnel are required.

In order to make this force workable managerial personals are required. Therefore, the appointment of managerial staff should be made in advance in an efficient manner so that they can ensure the successful working of the plant-machinery at an optimum level. For running efficiently an enterprise it is important to appoint the efficient people failing which amounts to the wastage of time, labour and money. At times the training and motivating schemes also demands attention.

2. Raw Material: If the enterprise is production-oriented a prior arrangement should be emphasised with regard to availability, type, cost/price and a regular supply of the raw materials. For want of the raw materials the production might be jeopardised.

Question 29.
Why the Project Report is essential?
Answer:
The project report must incorporate all the relevant informations with regard to the project and should be submitted to the government industrial department for registration. On the basis of the project report, the temporary registration will be approved of and the permission for setting up the project will be granted accordingly. At the same time as per the nature of the project, various concessions may also be accorded to.

Therefore, a green signal for establishing the project is accorded and the process of operation starts here on.

Question 30.
What do you mean by motivation?
Answer:
Motivation means to encourage or inspire the subordinate employees so that they should enthusiastically participate in the organisational affairs and perform to the best of their capacity for facilitating the realisation of the goals of their enterprise. A successful manager exploits various practical techniques to instil enthusiasm and zeal in their subordinates.

Financial incentives and other such offers are some of the good means of motivation. Non-financial or monetary motivational techniques, like appreciation, recognition, freedom to work, etc. are the effective techniques of motivation in certain conditions.

Question 31.
What are the packaging function?
Answer:
A majority of people feels that the sole objective of packaging is to secure the contents inside but in fact, it is not so, Bata India expects three uses of its packaging: (i) Product protection (ii) Enhances to product value, (iii) Product advertisement, (iv) Attraction.

Question 32.
Explain any two steps in the execution of the setting up of an enterprise.
Answer:
1. Arranging the Site: Prior to setting up of an enterprise, all the facilities which necessiate the project should be carefully considered in terms of water, electricity and geographical approaches etc.

2. Construction of Building: Sometimes, the site or building is provided in the industrial area on rent by the government, otherwise, according to the suitability of the project, either the land or the building can also be obtained on rent from some private agency.

Even if this is not possible the private land can be purchased in which a building can be raised according to the suitability of production, technical infrastructure and other considerations. The building should be erected by keeping in view the future expansion and development.

Question 33.
Mention any three features of planning.
Answer:
Following are the major features of planning:
1. Definite Object and Goal: Planning aims at achieving the certain objectives and every entrepreneur keeps such objectives in mind and plans accordingly.

2. Forecasting: The second important phase of planning is to look towards future with a sense of anticipation. According to Fayol, “Planning is a synthesis of the forecasts, be they be long term or short term, general or particular forecasts.” As such, he recommends from one year to ten years forecasting. As a Chinese saying goes, “Plan your annual strategies in the spring season and day-to-day strategy is to be planned in everyday morning.”

3. Unity: In Fayol’s words, unity is also an essential feature of planning. At one time only one planning can be executed as any dual planning at one time can lead to chaos and uncertainty.

Question 34.
Mention any three limitations of planning.
Answer:
Although planning is of utmost importance in a business venture but it cannot be a full proof in every event because of certain limitations which are as follows:
1. Based on Forecasting: Planning is first based on forecasting which may not be realistic. If the circumstances go contrary the planning is bound to go haywire.

2. Political Instability: The plannings are formed on the basis of the government’s industrial, economical and monetary policies. Following a change in the government the policies are subjected to change which renders the plannings useless.

3. Reduction in Initiative Capacity: Every executive and employee has strictly to adhere to the pre-determined policies and is not permitted to take a lead in any activity or decision at his own, resulting in the loss of useful opportunity sometime.

Question 35.
What are the various types of project planning?
Answer:
1. Extension Projects: Projects referred to extension or expansion are undertaken to facilitate sales and distribution by ascertaining the possibilities of the market which include the planning for extending the market area and in this regard survey of the new markets, market-research, advertisement, sales and informations about the sales of the products in the international markets bre the factors essential for the adoption of the projects.

2. Expansion Projects: The production of new items, establishment of new production units, increase in the production capacity, etc., are the projects which are incorporated in the planning of expansion projects.

Question 36.
Write two essential points of good project planning.
Answer:
Essentials of Good Project Planning or Preparation: A good project is always Implicit of some essentials in the absence of which a successful completion of it is not possible. The main essentials are:
1. A project planning should be based on the logical and realistic factors.
2. Various aspects in relation to the project must be meticulously analysed.

Question 37.
How break-even point is determined?
Answer:
Break-even Point: Break-even point is that point which shows no profit or no loss position.
Calculation of B.E.P. as follow :
BEP = \(\frac{\mathrm{F} \times \mathrm{S}}{\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{V}} \times 100\)
where, F = Fixed cost,
S = Projected Sales
V = Variable Cost.

Question 38.
What is fixed capital?
Answer:
Fixed Capital is also known as fixed assets which refers to that part of the capital which is invested on fixed assets, viz., land, building, machinery, furniture and equipments, etc. The objective of purchasing them is to earn income from them on the long-term basis. These assets remain involved for a long time, thus, called as fixed capital. In the statement of Flancy and Miller which goes on as “Fixed assets are assets of relatively permanent nature used in the operation of business and not intend for sale.”

The reason for terming it as fixed capital because its price remains the same and permanent rather it is used in the long term which lacks liquidity. The fixed capital is obtained by issuing shares, debentures and securities and securing long term loans from various financial institutions.

Question 39.
What for the working capital is required?
Answer:
Availability of enough working capital is indicative of liquidity of business and capacity to make prompt payments. Working capital is needed for making payment of day to day expenditure, for meeting current liabilities and for availing benefit of cash discounts.

Question 40.
What is the meaning of the term fund?
Answer:
The word ‘funds’ has different meanings. In the narrow sense, it is defined as cash resources of the business. But ‘funds’ is a broader term than cash. In the broader sense, it includes all resources of the business whether in the form of material, money, machinery, etc.

Flows in cash account are only a part of the wider funds movement and many of these movements such as purchase or sale of goods on credit (i.e. credit transactions) do not involve cash. The third interpretation of the term ‘funds’ is working capital, gross or net. In the context of preparation of fund flow statement, ‘funds’ refers to ‘Net Working Capital.’

Question 41.
What do you mean by Ratio Analysis? Give main objectives of Ratio Analysis.
Or, What are the main objectives of Accounting Ratio?
Answer:
A ratio is the measure of relationship between two numbers or values. The relationship may be expressed as the quotient of one number divided by another, the ratio then conveys the value of one item per unit of the value of another, or fraction of the other value. For instance, if the ratio of sales to stock (called stock turnover) is 3, it means that the sales value is 3 times the value of stock in hand.

1. According to Robert N. Anthony, “A ratio is simply one number expressed in terms of another. It is found by dividing one number, the base into the other. A percentage is one kind of ratio, in which the base is taken as equaling 100 and the quotient is expressed as per hundred of base.”

2. According to Hunt, William and Donaldson “Ratios are simply a means of highlighting in arithmetical terms the relationship between figures drawn from financial statements.”

Objectives of Ratio Analysis: There are following objects of Ratio Analysis:

• To help in forecasting.
• To help in decision-making.
• To help in communication.
• To help in co-ordination.

Question 42.
What is the status of profit at the Break-even Point?
Answer:
Break-even Point is that point of production or sales at which there is no profit-no loss. This is why this point is also known as ‘No profit-No loss Point’.

Question 43.
Write the uses of Break-even Analysis.
Answer:
Uses of Break-even Analysis:

• Computation of Break-even point.
• Computation of Break-even point at various levels of sales.
• To determine the sales-volume for securing desired profit.
• To determine unit sales price at a fixed Break-even point.
• To determine safety margin limit.
• To make an assessment of the impact of fixed and variable costs on the Break-even Point and sales.
• Computation of necessary sales for meeting the proposed expenditure.
• Decision to manufacture or make purchases from third party for marketing.
• To determine the most suitable product mix.
• To take decisions relating to changes in production capacity.

Question 44.
Define venture capital.
Answer:
Venture capital is a strong foundation and structure on basis of which newly developed enterprises are established and the capital provider and the entrepreneur become co-partners. Venture capitalist not only provides finances through purchase of share but also participates in the management of the business and helps in achieving increase in business.

According to Pratt, the venture capital is regarded as, “It is an initial status of finance which is offered to the new and embryonic enterprises who like to grow and consistently expand.”

According to Wan, “The venture capital is also considered as an unsafe risky finance.”

As per I. M. Pandey, “Venture Capital is an investment which is in the form of simple, semi-ordinary and, some time, a straightway credit or compulsorily (like repayment of interest and capital when the sales begin).”

Question 45.
What are the eligibility for venture capital financing?
Answer:
According to the Government of India the following organisations are capable for getting finance:
1. Technology: New or unexplored technology or the most prevalent or the most recent technology which has just been evolved and just arrived and can bring about a considerate improvement in the existing technology in India.

2. Size: The total investment must not exceed the mark of 100 millions of rupees.

3. Entrepreneur: A new entrepreneur who is professionally skilled and technologically well-versed but has no sources and no funds. The venture financers do not advance loans to trading, broking and investment on financing business or agencies like organisations. In India, a capital financing agency arranges minimum 75% of funds for investment in the form of venture capital and this is to be managed by professionals.

4. Enterprise: The financial assistance is provided only to those organisations which involve more risks in comparison with others, in term of unexplored or the most adequate technology or in which there are new entrepreneurs who are not much experienced but capable and more enterprising and the size of their organisations is also desirable.

5. Assistance: Assistance is generally an ordinary one aft even loan facility can also be provided.

6. Foreign Equity: In the industrial enterprises percentage of foreign equity should not be more than 25% of the toal investment.

7. Debt-Equity Ratio: Minimum debt-equity ratio should be 1 : 15.

Question 46.
What kind of role is played by a Venture Capitalist?
Answer:
A venture capitalist plays the multiple roles of a Banker, Development Financer and that of the Investor in the stock-market. The venture capitalist not only provides share capital to the entrepreneur through purchase of shars but also helps in increasing the business through his involvement in the management of the business. He not only attempts to nurture the investment made by the entrepreneur but also attempts to increase the level of investment.

Question 47.
What are the causes of need for technology?
Answer:
Need for Technology: Technology is essential due to the following reasons:

• The technological standard is essential for being an indicator of the national economic growth.
• With the help of technology an improvement can be brought about in terms of labour, capital and other factors with regard to the production.
• Technology is also imperative for economic growth and its technical specification.
• Technology is an integral source or a means of bringing about innovation for changing the production to consolidate the capital and to upgrade the machinery and infrastructure.
• It is instrumental in obtaining and exploiting the natural resources for the purpose of their optimum utility.
• By means of technology, new skills, new sources of production and methods, novel and the latest uses of the raw material and the adequate use and new experimental devices of machines and equipments can be acquired.
• Technology enables us to strengthen the manpower and its co-ordinate use with the natural and geographical resources.

Question 48.
What are the limitations of capital-intensive technique?
Answer:
The various limitations of capital-intensive technique are as follows:

• Due to this technique the society is divided into two categories : haves and have nots.
• This technique involves a great deal of financial investment which is beyond the capacity of the developing countries.
• It trends to exploit both the manpower and the consumers.
• It tends to ignore the balanced development of region.
• It trends to encourage the adverse use of capital sources.

Question 49.
Is management a profession?
Answer:
According to some contemporary scholars management is a sort of profession which is gradually tending to be a profession according to whom in the developed and the most advanced nations, like America, Japan, England and Germany and other industrialised countries, management has developed into an absolute profession and the managers are given assignments incommensurate with their management acumen.

In America, an industrial engineer is a professional personnel. It is the same as in case a lawyer or a doctor needs legal and medical knowledge respectively, similarly a manager needs to have the knowledge of management. Even in our country, the capitalist managers are gradually acquiring the status of professional managers.

Question 50.
Is management an art or science?
Answer:
Management is both art and science. Management in the form of science, provides necessary guidance to managers because of its practical utility and application (in the form of principles) and management in the context of an art helps the management to face very situation (by adopting the best possible way to do any work). Hence, it is logical call management a science as well as an art.

BSEB Bihar Board 12th Business Studies Important Questions Short Answer Type Part 2 are the best resource for students which helps in revision.

Bihar Board 12th Business Studies Important Questions Short Answer Type Part 2

Question 1.
Define Formal communication.
Answer:
Formal communication refers to official communication which takes place following the chain of command.

Question 2.
Define Informal communication.
Answer:
Informal communication refers to communication between individuals and groups which are not officially recognised.

Question 3.
Why it is said than controlling is a continuous activity?
Answer:
Controlling is a continuous activity because actual performance has to be Compared with predetermined performance on a continuous basis so that any short coming can be overcome, the manager does not have to wait for the. year for end results but has to take action us and when any direction arises from the target performance.

Question 4.
Give meaning of the term ‘Deviation’ as used in the control function of management.
Answer:
Deviation refers to a situation when actual results/performance differs from the desired results during comparison.

Question 5.
Define controlling.
Answer:
Controlling is the process through which managers assure that the actual activities conform to the planned activities.

Question 6.
Define financial management.
Answer:
Financial management is the activity concerned with the planning, raising, controlling and administrating of funds used in the business.

Question 7.
State the objective of financial management.
Answer:
To maximise shareholder’s wealth (also referred as the wealth maximisation concept).

Question 8.
Define capital budgeting techniques.
Answer:
These are the techniques used to evaluate investment proposals before selecting a particular project.

Question 9.
Define working capital.
Answer:
Working capital refers to short-term assets of a firm such as inventories and short-term liabilities like creditors.

Question 10.
What docs trading on equity refer to?
Answer:
It refers to an increase in profit earned by the equity shareholders due to the presence of fixed financial charges like interest.

Question 11.
Enumerate the two types/segments of financial markets.
Answer:
Financial market consist of two major segments:

1. Capita market: The market for medium and long-term funds.
2. Money market: The market for short-term funds.

Question 12.
What is meant by capital market?
Answer:
Capital market can be described as the aggregate of financial institutions and those serving as intermediaries for long-term financial assets. It is the mechanism which makes the long-term finance available.

Question 13.
Why is entrepreneurship is regarded as a creative activity?
Answer:
Entrepreneurship is creative because it involves creation of value. In the absence of entrepreneurship “matter” does not become a “resource”. By combining the various factors of production, entrepreneur produce goods and services that satisfy the requirements of the customers. Entrepreneurship also encourages, innovation e.g. zerox machines has minimised the use of carbon paper. Entrepreneurship makes possible introduction of new products, discovery of new markets and supply of inputs, technological break through as well as introduction of newer organisational forms for doing things better.

Question 14.
“Entrepreneur undertaken moderate risks.” Elaborate this statement.
Answer:
As the enterepreneur contracts for an assured supply of the various inputs for his projects, he incurs the risk of paying them off whether or not the venture succeeds i.e. there is no assurance of profits for entrepreneur. It is believed that entrepreneurs take high risk but the entrepreneur takes “calculated risk” e.g., Motorcyclist in the ring of death, While the spectators think that the artist has taken high risk, but the artist takes “calculated risk” based on their training, skill and confidence, etc.

Question 15.
Write the factors that promote entrepreneurship.
Answer:
The following factors helps in promotion of entrepreneurship and consequently, economic development:

1. Easy availability of capital to the entrepreneur to start a new business.
2. Pressence of environment for transformation of scientific and technical development into business projects.
3. Supportive programmes provided by the government.
4. Availability of training facilities to start a new business.
5. Desire to create a favorable/climate for innovative and entrepreneurial activities.

Question 16.
Explain any three points of importance of financial planning.
Answer:
Following are the importance of financial planning:

• In integral part of corporate planning: Financial planning is an integral part of the corporate planning of the business.
• Overcoming the problems of excess or shortage of fund: Financial planning involves accurate forecasts of the present and future requirements of funds. Therefore, it helps companies in over coming the problems of cess and shortage of funds.
• It helps in financial control.
• Minimising cost of financing: Cost of finance is kept to minimum possible and scarce funds are used Judiciously.

Question 17.
Give names of six stock exchange in India.
Answer:
Six regional stock exchanges in India are:

1. Bangalore Stock Exchange
2. Pune Stock Exchange
3. Ahmedabad Stock Exchange
4. Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange
5. Delhi Stock Exchange
6. Ludhiyana Stock Exchange

Question 18.
Define Beneficial owner.
Answer:
Beneficial owner is the investor or account holder and is required to open Demat Account for the trading of securities at the Stock exchanges.

Question 19.
Who can be an investor?
Answer:
Investor can be an individual as well as an non-individual. Individual investors could be Indian residents or NRIs. Non-individual investors include corporates, mutual funds, trusts etc.

Question 20.
What are the consumer responsibilities?
Answer:
A consumer should keep in mind the following responsibilities while purchasing, using and consuming goods and services:

• Be aware about various goods and services available in the market so that an intelligent and wise choice can be made.
• Buy only standardised goods as they provide quality assurance. Thus, look for ISI mark on electrical goods, FPO mark on food products, hallmark on jewellary, etc.
• Learn about the risks associated with products and services, follow manufacture’s instructions and use the product safely.
• Read labels carefully so as to have information about prices, net weight, manufacturing and expiry dates, etc.
• Assert yourself to ensure that you should get a fair deal.
• Be honest in your dealings. Purchase only from authorized distributors of goods and services and discourage unscrupulous practices like black marketing, hoarding etc.
• Ask for a cash memo on purchase of goods or services.
• File a complaint in an appropriate consumer forum in case of a shortcoming in the quality of goods purchased or services availed.
• From consumer societies which would play an active part in educating consumers and safeguarding their interests.

Question 21.
What kind of cases can be filed in State Commission?
Answer:
State commission: A complaint can be made to the appropriate State Commission when the value of the goods or services in question along with the compensation claimed, exceed Rs. 20 lakh but does not exceed Rs. 1 crore. The appeals against the orders of District Forum can also be filed before the State commission. On receiving the complaint, the State commission shall refer the complaint to the party againt whom the complaint is filed. If required, the goods of a sample there of, shall be sent for testing in a laboratory.

The State Commission shall pass an order after considering the test report from the laboratory and hearing to the party against whom the complaint is filed. In case the aggrieved party is not satisfied with the order of the State Commission be can appeal before the National commission within 30 days of the passing of the order.

Question 22.
What are the objective of SEBI?
Answer:
The main objectives of SEBI are as under:

• To promote fair dealings by the issuers of securities.
• To ensure market place where by the issuers of securities can raise funds at a relatively low cost.
• To protect and safeguard the interests and rights of investors so as to ensure steady flow of funds into the market.
• To regulate and develop a code of conduct and fair practices to be adopted by intermediaries (brokers, marchant bankers etc.) so as to make them competitive and professional.

Question 23.
What are the items that can be marketed?
Answer:
Anything that is of value can be marketed. List of items which can be marketed include physical products, services, ideas, persons, place, experience, properties, events, information, organisations.

Question 24.
What is meant by market offering?
Answer:
Market offering refers to a complete offer for a product or service, having given features like size, taste, quality, etc. at a given price available at a given outlet or location.

Question 25.
Define marketing management.
Answer:
Marketing management deals with planning, organising, directing and controlling the activities related to the marketing of goods and services to satisfy the customer’s needs.

Question 26.
What do you mean by trademark?
Answer:
Trademark simply means mark of a trade carried on by an identified entity. It is usually a sign, mark or symbol, word or words.

Question 27.
What do you mean by labelling?
Answer:
A label identifies the product or brand labels are attached onto the product package to help identification and provide some information to the customers. A label is a carrier of information, which is to be provided to the customers.

Question 28.
Advertising is a very economical mode of communication. How?
Answer:
Per unit cost of reach comes low due to its wide reach. The overall cost of advertising gets spread over numerous communication links established.

Question 29.
One limitation of advertising is that it is less flexible. Why?
Answer:
Because the message is standardised and is not tailor made to the requirements of the difference customer groups.

Question 30.
How does advertisement confuses the buyers?
Answer:
Buyers gets confused as to which one is true and which one should be relied upon as so many products are being advertised.

Question 31.
Define sales promotion.
Answer:
Sales promotion refers to short term incentives, other than advertising and personal selling, aimed at stimulating market demand for products:

Question 32.
What do you mean by publicity?
Answer:
Publicity is any promotional communication regarding an organisation and/or its products where the message is not paid for by the organisation benefiting from it; It is a non-paid form of non-personal communication which spreads in the form of news.

Question 33.
Mention two features of publicity.
Answer:

1. On paid form of communication
2. There is no identified sponsor.

Question 34.
Mention the purpose of public relations.
Answer:
The purpose is to keep different public groups satisfied so that no obstructions are imposed on the functioning of the business.

Question 35.
What does Consumer Protection Act, 1986 aim at?
Answer:
To protect and promote the consumers interest through speedy and inexpensive redressal of their grievances.

Question 36.
I low docs Consumer rights benefit the consumers?
Answer:
It empowers consumers to fight against any unscrupulous, exploitative and unfair trade practices adopted by sellers.

Question 37.
Why consumer protection is important for consumers? Give any one reason.
Answer:
Because it helps to achieve consumer awareness through educating them about their rights and reliefs available to them.

Question 38.
Which kind of appeals can be taken to the supreme court?
Answer:
Only those appeals where the aggrieved party was not satisfied with the order of the National Commission and where the value of goods and services in question, along with the compensation claimed, exceeded Rs. 1 crore.

Question 39.
List any three consumer organisations in India.
Answer:
Consumer Guidance Society of India, Mumbai, Citizens Action Group, Mumbai, Consumer Protection Council (CPC), Ahmedabad.

Question 40.
Differentiate between ‘Management’ and ‘Administration’.
Answer:
Difference between ‘Management’ and ‘Administration’:

BSEB Bihar Board 12th Business Studies Important Questions Short Answer Type Part 1 are the best resource for students which helps in revision.

Bihar Board 12th Business Studies Important Questions Short Answer Type Part 1

Question 1.
Does mere planning ensure success?
Answer:
Sometimes the managers think that planning solve all their problems. Such a thinking makes them neglect their real work and the adverse effect; of such an attitude has to be faced by the organisation. In this way, planning offers the managers a false sense of security and makes them careless. Hence we can say that mere planning does not ensure success, rather efforts have to be made for it.

Question 2.
What is meant by lay-off?
Answer:
Lay-off refers to the temporary separation, of the employee from a employer on the initiative of the later. In most cases, the lay-off takes place due to lack of work. There is clear understanding between the employer and the employee that the preference will be given to that employee as and when the work will be available. Thus, by recalling the laid off employees vacant position may be filled up.

Question 3.
What is meant by investment decision?
Answer:
Investment decision: It relates to as how the funds of a firm are to be invested into different assets, so that the firm is able to earn highest possible return for the investors. Investment decision can be long term, also known as capital budgeting where the funds are committed into long term basis.

Short term investment decision also known as working capital decision and it is concerned with the levels of cash, inventories and debtors.

Question 4.
Why NSEI is known as Model Exchange?
Answer:
National stock exchange of India is known as model exchange because it is a unique stock exchange of its own kind. The first exchange in the country to provide a modem, fully automated screen based electronic trading system.

Question 5.
The word communication has been derived from Latin word ’Communis’. What does it mean?
Answer:
Communication is a process which involves a sender of message and a receiver. Communication is complete only when the receiver is able to interpret the message as desired by the sender and responds to it.

Communication is regarded as a two way process. The process of communication begins when one person (the sender) wants to transmit a fact; idea, opinion or other information to someone else (the receiver). This fact, idea or opinion has meaning to the sender, whether it be simple and concrete or complex and abstract. The next step is to translate or convert the message into a language which reflects the idea. That is the message must be encoded.

Question 6.
“Management is a soft science.” How?
Answer:
Management as a Science: Science may be defined as a systematic body of knowledge pertaining to a particular field, consisting universally accepted principles, which are based on observation and experiments.

Thus, following are the essential features of science:

• Existence of systematized body of knowledge
• Use of scientific methods of observation
• Principles based on experiments
• Established cause and ef feet relationship
• Universal validity of principles.

Question 7.
What is meant by Authority?
Answer:
Authority: The power of taking decision in order to guide the activities of others is called ’authority’. In other words, ’authority’ is that power which influence the conduct of others. In this way authority, has the following three elements: (i) To use one’s wisdom and take decisions, (ii) To get the decision implemented, (iii) To influence the conduct of the subordinates.

Question 8.
Why is it said that ’Controlling is blind without planning’?
Answer:
Under the system of controlling actual work performance is compared with the standards. Hence, if the standards are not determined there is no justification left for control, and the standards are determined under planning. It is, therefore, said that control is blind without planning or it is without any base.

Question 9.
What is meant by channels of Distribution?
Answer:
Channel of distribution refers to that path through which the products reach the consumers. In this path many people and firms participate. They are called Middleman/Intermediary. It includes mainly Agents, Wholesalers and Retailers. Channels of distribution can be small or large. For example, when we purchase sweets from a local sweet shop then there is no middleman between the manufacturer and the consumer. This is the smallest distribution channel. This is also called Direct Trade.

Question 10.
Why it is said that principles of Management are universal?
Answer:
Management is an essential element of every organised activity irrespective of its zero or type. All type of organisations e.g. family, club, university, government, army, cricket team or business, require organisation. The basic function of management are same in every group activity.

Question 11.
Given definitions of Management.
Answer:
According to Koontz and O’Donnell. “Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organised groups. It is the art of creating an environment in which people can perform as individuals and yet co-operate towards attainment of group goals. It is the art of removing blacks to such performances, a way of optimising efficiencey in reaching goals.”

According to Peter F. Drucker, “Management is a multipurpose organ that manages a business, manages managers and manages workers and work.”

Question 12.
“Planning is a mental process.” Explain in brief.
Answer:
Planning is a mental process: Planning is known as mental process as it is related to thinking before doing. A planner has mainly to think – (i) What to do? (ii) How to do? (iii) When to do? and (iv) Who is to do?

Question 13.
Explain the importance of management.
Answer:
Management is a universal activity that is integral to any organisation. We now examine some of the reasons that have made management so important.
1. Management helps in achieving group goals: Management is required not for itself but for achieving the goals of the organisation, the task of a manager is to give a common direction to all.

2. Management increases efficiency: The aim of a manager is to reduce costs and increase productivity through better planning, organising directing, staffing and controlling the activities of organisation.

3. Management creates a dynamic organisation: All organisations have to function in an environment which is constantly changing.

4. Management helps in achieving personal objectives: A manager motivates and leads his team in such a manner that individual members are able to achieve personal goals while contributing to the overall organisational objective.

5. Management helps in the development of society: An organisation has multiple objective to serve the purpose of the different groups that constitute it. In the process of fulfilling all these management helps in the dcyelopHtobt of the organisation and through that it helps in the development of society it helps to provide good quality products and services, creates employment opportunities and leads the path towards growth and development.

Question 14.
Explain the level of management and their main functions.
Answer:
Level of Management:
Generally speaking there arc three, levels in the hierarchy of an organisation:
1. Top management: They consist of the seniormost executives of the organisation by whatever name they are called. They are usually referred to as the chairman, the chief executive officer, chief operating officer, president and vice-president. Top management is a term consisting of managers from different functional levels. Their basic task is to integrate diverse elements and coordinate the activities of different departments according to the overall objectives of the organisation. They are responsible for the welfare and survival of the organisation. Their job is complex and stressful.

2. Middle Management: It is the link between top and lower level management. They are subordinate to top managers and superior to the first line managers. They are usually known as division heads, operation managers or plant superintendent. They are responsible for implementing and controlling plans developed by top management. At the same time they are responsible for all the activities of first line management. Their main task is to carry out to plans formulated by the top management and at the same time they are responsible for all the activities of first line managers.

Question 15.
Name important characteristics of management.
Answer:
After knowing about management we find some elements that may be called the basic characteristics. They are as follows:

• Management is a goal oriented process.
• Management is all pervasive.
• Management is multidimentional.
• Management is a continuous process.
• Management is a group activity.
• Management is a dynamic function.
• Management is an intangible force.

Question 16.
Write limitations of planning.
Answer:
Following are the limitations of planning:

• Uncertainty of future conditions.
• Misuse of time and money.
• Required flexibility.
• Frustration work etc.

Question 17.
What do you mean by staffing?
Answer:
Staffing is concerned with filling various positions or job in the organisation with the suitable personnel. Staffing basically involves maintaining job and individuals. This may requires a number of functions like man power planning recruitment selection, training, promotion, transfer etc. Various authors took of staffing as one of the elements of the organizing process. We can say in brief, staffing refers to filling and keeping fixed the posts with people.

Question 18.
“Management is a group activity”. Why?
Answer:
Management is a group activity since management is essential to undertake any organised activity, one may infer that management is concerned with a group activity. It involves the use of group efforts in the pursuit of predetermined objectives.

Question 19.
“Management increases efficiency.” How?
Answer:
Management reduces costs and increases productivity through better planning, organising, directing, staffing and controlling the activities of the organisation.

Question 20.
“Management helps in development of society.” How?
Answer:
By providing good quality products and services, creating employment opportunities, adopting new technology and leading the path towards growth and development.

Question 21.
“Management creates a dynamic organisation.” How?
Answer:
Management helps people adapt to the changes so that the organisation is able to maintain its competitive edge which results in creating a dynamic organisation.

Question 22.
Why is it said that “management is all pervasive”?
Answer:
Because the activities involved in managing an enterprise are common to all organisations whether economic, social or political.

Question 23.
Why are the principles of management called contingent?
Answer:
Management principles are not absolute or state in nature. They cannot be applied blinding in all situation. They have to be applied keeping in view the prevailing situations.

Question 24.
State the principle of ‘Order’.
Answer:
It states a place for everything (everyone) in its (her/his) place for increasing productivity and efficiency.

Question 25.
What is meant by Scientific management?
Answer:
Scientific management refers to the use of scientific methods in decision, making to resolve management problems rather than depending on rule of thumb or trial and error-methods.

Question 26.
How is planning a pervasive function? State.
Answer:
Planning is required at all levels of management as well as in all departments of the organisation.

Question 27.
Planning reduces the risks of uncertainty. How?
Answer:
Planning enables a manager to look a head and anticipate changes and develop responses to them.

Question 28.
Planning is a time consuming process. Why does this become a limitation?
Answer:
There is not much time left for implementation of plan as sometimes much of time is consumed in drawing up the plans.

Question 29.
State first two steps in the process of planning.
Answer:

1. Setting objectives
2. Developing premises

Question 30.
What is meant by ‘policy’ as a type of plan?
Answer:
Policy is a general statement that guides thinking or channelises ‘ energy towards a particular direction.

Question 31.
Define ‘objectives’ as type of plans.
Answer:
Objectives are the ends which the management seeks to achieve by its operations, e.g., increasing sales by 10%.

Question 32.
Enumerate difference types of organisational structure.
Answer:
Different types of organisational structure:

1. Functional structure
2. Divisional structure

Question 33.
When is the functional structure more suitable?
Answer:
Functional structure is most suitable when the size of the organisation is large has diversified activities and operations require a huge degree of specialization.

Question 34.
Why is it easy to fix responsibility in formal organisation?
Answer:
Because rules and responsibilities as wen as the inter relationship of different job positions are made clear.

Question 35.
Define selection.
Answer:
Selection is the process of carefully screening the candidates who offer themselves for appointment so as to Choose the most appropriate person for the job.

Question 36.
What is an interview?
Answer:
Interview is a phase of testing on the basis of face to face interaction between the interview and applicant with a view to finding the suitability of candidate keeping in view the job requirements.

Question 37.
Define job rotation.
Answer:
It involves shifting the trainee from one department to another or form one job to another.

Question 38.
What is meant by directing?
Answer:
Directing as a function of management is concerned with instructing, guiding and inspiring people in the organisation to achieve its objectives. It involves overseeing people at work, making provisions for necessary facilities and creating a work environment whereby employees may perform to the best of their abilities.

Question 39.
Define supervision.
Answer:
Supervision means overseeing the subordinates at work. It is an important function of every manager. It implies observing the subordinates at the work to see than they are working according to the plan and policies of the organisation and keeping the time schedule and do help them in solving their work problems.

Question 40.
Define motivation.
Answer:
Motivation may be defined as the process of stimulating people to action to accomplish designed goals. It involves arousing needs and desires in people to initiate and direct their behavior in a purposive manner. According to Koontz and O’ Donnell, “To motivate is to induce people and to act a desired manner.”

BSEB Bihar Board 12th Entrepreneurship Important Questions Short Answer Type Part 2 are the best resource for students which helps in revision.

Bihar Board 12th Entrepreneurship Important Questions Short Answer Type Part 2

Question 1.
State any one point of difference between project formulation and project report.
Answer:
Project formulation is an investigative procedure which is executed prior to making an investment decision, while the project report is prepared after making investment.

Question 2.
What are resources? Why they are essential?
Answer:
Resources refer to those means which are necessarily required by a person for execution of work. In absence of resources establishment of an enterprise cannot be even imagined.

Question 3.
You run an enterprise. What type of resources are required?
Answer:
Resources required to run an enterprise are as under: Land, Capital, Raw material, Labour, Machines and Equipments, Water, Electricity, Security and Safety and facilities of transport.

Question 4.
What are the two sources of working capital?
Answer:
Two sources employed for arranging working capital are:

1. Sources for arranging Long term capital
2. Sources for arranging short term capital.

Question 5.
Are the human resources an active resource to run an enterprise?
Answer:
Except for the human resource rest of the means and resources to run an enterprise are inactive or lifeless. Human resource is an active resource to run an enterprise.

Question 6.
What is Break-Even Analysis?
Answer:
Break-Even Analysis helps in understanding ‘Returns’ and ‘Cost’ in relation to sales of a business enterprise. In case of Break-even returns through sales become equal to the cost of a product.

Question 7.
What is ‘Safety Margin’? What is the formula to determine safety margin?
Answer:
The excess of amount over the price at Break-Even Point in actual sales is termed as safety margin. This is the difference between the actual sales price and the price at the break-even point.
Margin of Safety = Actual Sales Price – Sales Price at the B.E.P.

Question 8.
State any two features of venture capital.
Answer:

1. Venture capitalist mostly makes investment in equity shares because they do not get any benefit till such times the company starts earning profit.
2. Venture capitalist apart from making financial investment in business also help by providing assistance for marketing.

Question 9.
What is Capital-intensive technique?
Answer:
Capital-intensive technique of production requires minimum deployment of labour and as compared to labour-intensive technique higher amount of capital investment is needed.

Question 10.
State any two limitations of Capital-intensive technique.
Answer:

1. Capital-intensive technique ignores balanced regional development
2. Capital-intensive technique encourages wasteful utilisation of expensive means of production.

Question 11.
What do you mean by Sales-Promotion?
Answer:
Sales-promotion refers to all those activities which are undertaken to record increase in sales, such as – advertising, personal selling and propaganda and other similar kinds of activities.

Question 12.
What is Preference share?
Answer:
Preference shares are those shares which have a preference to get dividend according to a fixed rate and repayment of their capital at the liquidation of company before equity shareholders.

Question 13.
What are the two most important objectives of Financial Management?
Answer:
Two major objectives of financial management are:

1. To keep the shareholders happy and satisfied.
2. Build up capital reserves for future planning and projects of the company by earning reasonably good profit on investment.

Question 14.
State any one point of difference between Shares and Debentures.
Answer:
Share capital is a kind of ownership capital and as a result shareholders are paid dividend. While Debentures are issued against loan capital and as a result interest amount is paid on them.

Question 15.
What are the various elements of cost?
Answer:
Cost comprises of the following three main elements:

• Cost of material,
• Cost of labour and
• Expenditure.

Question 16.
What is prime cost?
Answer:
The production of any commodity mainly involves two types of expenditures – Raw Material and Labour. The total sum of these two constituents is known as prime cost.

Question 17.
What is Franchising?
Answer:
Franchising is a kind of contract arrangement. Under this a retail dealer enters into an agreement with a manufacturer that he would sell the goods and services offered by the manufacturer by charging a fixed fee or amount by way of commission.

Question 18.
How do entrepreneurs differ from employees?
Answer:
Difference between employees and entrepreneur are as following:
Employee:

1. Employee is that person who is appointed by entrepreneur for his help.
2. Employee never face risk of profit or loss.
3. Employee does not take decision.

Entrepreneur:

1. Entrepreneur is a person who takes risk to set-up enterprise.
2. Entrepreneur always face risk of profit or loss.
3. Entrepreneur takes decision.

Question 19.
What is the purpose of sales promotion?
Answer:
Sales promotion is a form by short term incentive to encourage consumers to buy our product.
The main purpose of sales promotion are as under:

• To enhance buying response by ultinate consumers.
• To increase selling efforts by dealers and sales personal.

Question 20.
How does a project report differ from a preliminary report?
Answer:
Difference between project report and preliminary report are as following:
Project report:

• It tells about history of product, machinery, raw materials, staffing cost etc.
• It is a permanent report.

Preliminary report:

• It tells about cost.
• It is a temporary report.

Question 21.
Distinguish between fixed capital and working capital.
Answer:
Distinguish between fixed capital and working capital are as following:
Fixed capital:

1. It is invested in fixed assets.
2. Used for the purpose of meeting the permanent long term needs of the business.

Working capital:

1. It is invested in current assets.
2. It is needed for meeting the short term needs of the business.

Question 22.
Distinguish between entrepreneurship and management?
Answer:
The following are the differences between entrepreneurship and management:

• Entrepreneurship is a spirit of an enterprise while management is an art and science of attaining the objectives of an enterprise.
• In entrepreneurship new things are created but in management, managers maintain all records and discipline.
• In entrepreneurship, entrepreneur does right things but in management, manager does right things.
• Entrepreneurship is related to production of goods but management is related to distribution of goods, and services.

Question 23.
What is Demand ForeCast?
Answer:
What would be the demand for a particulars product by a specific group of customers in wall defined geographical region, during a particular span of time under the planned making strategies ad the existing market environment is termed as demand forecast. In other words, how much quality of a product would be actually purchased by customers in future is demand forecast.

Question 24.
What is meant by Directing?
Answer:
Directing comprises of giving orders and providing directions to sub-ordinates for accomplishing work assigned to them.

Question 25.
Management helps in development of society. How?
Answer:
Management helps in development of society by offering products and services of the best quality by generating employment opportunities and by adopting advanced technology to safeguard the interest of people.

Question 26.
How break-even point is determined?
Answer:
Break even point is that point which shows no profit or no loss position.
Calculation of B.E.P. as follows:
BEP = \(\frac{\mathrm{F} \times \mathrm{S}}{\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{V}}\)
where, F = Fixed Cost
S = Projected Sales
V = Variable Cost.

Question 27.
Why is Management important?
Answer:
Management is important because it is helpful in achievement of the group objectives, increases working capacity helps in development of a dynamics organisation, renders assistance in attainment of personal goals and contributes social development.

Question 28.
Are all functions of management interrelated?
Answer:
Yes, all the functions of management are interrelated such as planning, organising, appointing, directing and controlling and these are all interrelated.

Question 29.
Is the expenditure on advertisement of wastage of money?
Answer:
No, the expenditure on advertisement is not a waste of money and we do not subscribe to this view advertisements, usually benefit a large section of people.

Question 30.
Give any one difference between working and selling.
Answer:
Major function of working and selling is to create customers while selling is confined to sale of products and services.

Question 31.
Enumerate any two key functions of an entrepreneur.
Answer:
The two key functions of an entrepreneur are:

1. Mobilizing various resources
2. Making business plans and policies.

Question 32.
How can fantasizing help an entrepreneur to spot new ideas?
Answer:
Business opportunities are created when entrepreneur fantasizes about Products and services. Many investors think the new spot of ideas about their investment. Fantasizing helps it in creating.

Question 33.
What are the contents of financial profile of the feasibility report.
Answer:
The financial profile of the feasibility report must include cost of production, estimation of revenue, profits and losses, stock of raw materials, stock & semi-finished and finished products and loans to be obtained.

Question 34.
What is the relationship between opportunity and entrepreneur?
Answer:
The relationship between opportunity and entrepreneur is similar to the water fish relationship. Fish has no chance of survival in absence of water that looks for its food in water and lives in it. To an enterprising fish water is its opportunity and a life death relationship exists between them.

Similarly an entrepreneur’s primary job is to contemplate over the opportunities when identified. After obtaining various relevant information he evaluates the reality and then he determines and ensures to establish a new enterprise after due consideration in term of managing resources for it.

Question 35.
Give any three objectives of environment scanning.
Answer:
Environmental scanning is conducted to find out the influence of different factors and persons on the business transactions. Through environment scanning, organisations monitor various factors in environment to identify opportunities and threats of the environment. Following are the main reasons: which scanning of environment is considered essential: (i) Effective use resources, (ii) Helpful in strategy formulation, (iii) Identification of threats and opportunities.

Question 36.
What is feasibility study?
Answer:
The feasibility studies of the industrial projects are pre-invest enquiries made for the purpose of providing information for invest! decisions. The basis objective of the feasibility is to give strong answer to various questions by comparing the alternatives with each other by collect relevant data of different alternatives. The industries established without man feasibility study have greater chance of failure. The main information required for various projects is almost similar.

Question 37.
Explain any two steps in the execution of setting up an enterprise.
Answer:
Two steps in the execution of setting up an enterprise:
(i) Arranging the site: Prior to selling up of an enterprise, all the facilities which necessitate the project should be carefully considered in terms of water, electricity and geographical approaches etc.

(ii) Construction of building: Sometimes, the site or building is provided in the industrial area on rent by the government, otherwise, according to the suitability of the project, either the land or the building can also be obtained on rent from some private agency.

Even if this is not possible the private land can be purchased in which a building can be raised according to the suitability of production, technical infrastructure and other considerations. The building should be erected by keeping in view the future expansion and development.

Question 38.
Why time boundation is essential in planning?
Answer:
The factor of period in the planning process has a significant place. Which target is to be achieved when, is predetermined. In this context, the planning is of three kinds:

• Short term plans: when a plan is formed on one year basis or less, it is termed as short term plan.
• Middle term plans: when a plan period is bracketed for one to five years for completion it can be termed as middle term plan.
• Long term plans: The plan for which the completion is intended for more than five years is known as long term plan.

Question 39.
What are the objectives of project appraisal?
Answer:
Project appraisal: when any idea strikes the mind which appears to be useful for the project has to pass through various stages of tests and strict evaluation in terms of its impact on the economic, financial and technical aspects which are deemed to be in conformity with the project and the investment capital is earmarked for it by ensuring a good return from it, and that would only be possible when a best alternative is picked up.

Therefore, the project appraisal here refers to the identification of the economic and financial status of a project, administrative or managerial acumen, technical and communicative infrastructure in terms of their analysis and appraisal on the basis of which an entrepreneur finally arrives at a decision of starting the business after he feels confident and optimistic with regard to the success and it also involves the act of visualising the project viability, credibility and profitability.

Question 40.
What factors affect the physical resources?
Answer:
The following elements have their maximum impact on physical resources:

• Location of land, the size and its cost.
• The transport facility to access the land, ambience of location, machines, instrument and equipments, their availability, their quality, cost, technique and time span for supply are important for consideration.
• The conditions for installing machinery, and its repairs etc.
• Short and long term costs and replacement facility.
• The need of trained and experienced workforce for operating the machines.